Water Electrical Conductivity Research Articles

The roles of environmental variation and spatial distance in explaining diversity and biogeography of soil denitrifying communities in remote Tibetan wetlands.

The relative importance of local environments and dispersal limitation in shaping denitrifier community structure remains elusive. Here, we collected soils from 36 riverine, lacustrine and palustrine wetland sites on the remote Tibetan Plateau and characterized the soil denitrifier communities using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the nirS and nirK genes. Results showed that the richness of nirS-type denitrifiers in riverine wetlands was significantly higher than that in lacustrine wetlands but not significantly different from that in palustrine wetlands. There was no clear distinction in nir community composition among the three kinds of wetlands. Irrespective of wetland type, the soil denitrification rate was positively related to the abundance, but not the α-diversity, of denitrifying communities. Soil moisture, carbon availability and soil temperature were the main determinants of diversity [operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number] and abundance of thenirS-type denitrifier community, while water total organic carbon, soil NO3- and soil moisture were important in controlling nirK-type denitrifier diversity and abundance. The nirS community composition was influenced by water electrical conductivity, soil temperature and water depth, while the nirK community composition was affected by soil electrical conductivity. Spatial distance explained more variation in the nirS community composition than in the nirK community composition. Our findings highlight the importance of both environmental filtering and spatial distance in explaining diversity and biogeography of soil nir communities in remote and relatively undisturbed wetlands.

Salinity and flow rates of nutrient solution on cauliflower biometrics in NFT hydroponic system

ABSTRACT The use of brackish water in hydroponic crops represents an alternative for vegetable production. In this context, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of using brackish water to prepare the nutrient solution and replace the evapotranspired depth, applied at different flow rates, on cauliflower biometrics in NFT (nutrient film technique) hydroponic system. In both experiments, the experimental design was completely randomized with four repetitions, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme: six levels of water electrical conductivity (ECw) in interaction with two flow rates of nutrient solution application in the hydroponic channels (1.5 and 2.5 L min-1). In Experiment I, brackish waters with different EC (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-1), obtained by the addition of NaCl in public-supply water (0.2 dS m-1), were used. In Experiment II, the chemical characteristics of brackish waters collected in the semiarid region of Pernambuco were simulated, with EC of 1.67, 3.30, 4.71, 5.88 and 13.84 dS m-1, plus the control (0.2 dS m-1). Increasing salinity reduced cauliflower growth. Flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 promoted the best results of shoot fresh and dry masses, leaf area, number of leaves, plant height and shoot diameter. The best water for cauliflower production was public-supply water and, among the well waters, the best was the calcium sulfate-rich water with EC of 1.67 dS m-1.

GAS EXCHANGE, CHLOROPLAST PIGMENTS AND GROWTH OF PASSION FRUIT CULTIVATED WITH SALINE WATER AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION 1

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, chloroplast pigments and growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization in the seedling formation stage. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Pombal-PB, Brazil. A randomized block design was used in 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and two doses of potassium - KD (50 and 100% of the recommendation), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1 reduced the stomatal opening, transpiration, CO2 assimilation and inhibited the growth of ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’ passion fruit plants, at 40 days after sowing. There was no CO2 restriction in the substomatal cavity of passion fruit plants grown under water salinity from 0.3 dS m-1. Potassium dose of 150 mg kg-1 of soil, corresponding to 100%, intensified the effect of salt stress on the assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit. There was interaction between water salinity levels and potassium doses for the chlorophyll a and b contents of 'BRS Rubi do Cerrado' passion fruit.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF FRUITS OF WEST INDIAN CHERRY UNDER SALINE WATER IRRIGATION AND PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION1

ABSTRACT In the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil due to the qualitative and quantitative scarcity of water resources, the use of saline water should be considered as an alternative to expand irrigated agriculture. However, the use of waters with high levels of salts depends on management practices that minimize deleterious effects on plants. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation with water of increasing salinity and fertilization with phosphorus on the postharvest physicochemical composition of fresh fruits of West Indian cherry, cv. ‘BRS 366 Jaburu’. The research was carried out in a protected environment, in lysimeters with Neossolo Regolítico Psamitico Típico (Entisol) of clay loam texture, using a randomized block design, in a 5x2 factorial scheme with three replicates and one plant per plot, relative to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.6; 1.4; 2.2; 3.0 and 3.8 dS m-1) and two phosphorus doses [100 and 140% of the recommendation of Musser. Increase in water salinity reduced fruit size and fresh mass formation, but increased soluble solids contents and titratable acidity in the pulp of West Indian cherry fruits. Phosphate fertilization, regardless of dose, stimulated the formation of fresh mass of West Indian cherry fruits. Water salinity inhibited the formation of ascorbic acid in West Indian cherry fruits, and the highest value was observed in plants irrigated with 0.6 dS m-1 water and fertilized with a dose of 100% of the recommendation of P2O5.

Water status, cell damage and gas exchanges in West Indian cherry (Malpighia emarginata) under salt stress and nitrogen fertilization

This study was conducted to evaluate water status, cell damage and gas exchanges of West Indian cherry grown under saline water irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization in the post-grafting stage. The experiment was carried out in drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions in Regolithic Neosol with sandy loam texture. Treatments consisted of two levels of electrical conductivity of water (ECw) (0.8 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70; 85; 100 and 115% of the N recommendation), arranged in randomized blocks, with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 200 g of N per plant per year. Irrigation with 4.5 dS m-1 electrical conductivity water resulted in a reduction in stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency but increased cell damage percentage and internal CO2 concentration in West Indian cherry plants. Inhibition of CO2 assimilation rate in West Indian cherry plants is related to non-stomatal effects. Irrigation with 4.5 dS m-1 water and fertilization with 115% of N recommendation intensified leaf water saturation deficit in the West Indian cherry crop. The BRS Jaburu West Indian cherry was sensitive to 4.5 dS m-1 water salinity.

Optimal design of groundwater monitoring networks using gamma test theory

Gamma test theory (GTT) is introduced as a novel method to determine the optimal number and location of groundwater monitoring wells without requiring temporal monitoring data. This method is based on the calculation of a statistic, called gamma, for the data of one monitoring period. The optimal wells are selected such that while they have the lowest gamma value, a further increase in the number of wells does not cause much change in their gamma value. The method was applied to the design of an optimal monitoring network for groundwater electrical conductivity (EC) on Kish Island, Hormozgan Province, Iran. The water EC of 55 wells, selected from 244 existing wells, was measured during one monitoring period on Kish Island and their latitude and longitude were recorded. A groundwater EC monitoring network was optimized using a GTT-based optimization algorithm. Based on the results, to estimate the spatial distribution of groundwater EC on Kish Island with maximum achievable accuracy, it was necessary to monitor at least 110 wells, which were identified. Finally, the water EC of the proposed wells was monitored in three monitoring periods and the proposed network was evaluated in these periods. Results indicated that the proposed wells are also optimum in these periods and the spatial distribution of groundwater EC can be estimated with maximum achievable accuracy using the EC data of the proposed 110 wells. The current study provides a time- and cost-effective method to achieve an efficient groundwater monitoring network especially when there is data limitation.

Synthesis of copper and copper oxide nanomaterials by electrical discharges in water with various electrical conductivities

In the present study, Cu-based nanomaterials are synthesized by initiating spark discharges between two copper electrodes immersed in de-ionized water. The electrical conductivity of water is varied by adding HCl at very low concentrations. The discharge and water properties are determined by measuring the current-voltage waveforms and monitoring water acidity and conductivity, respectively. Scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the produced nanoparticles show that increasing water conductivity, by adding HCl, promotes the synthesis of Cu-based nanomaterials. Depending on the initial water conductivity, various nanostructures are observed, including nanoflakes of cuprite (Cu2O), dendrites with high Cu content, and unordered micrometric aggregates with a mixed Cu/Cu2O content. The initial water conductivity also affects the chemical structure, mainly the relative Cu/Cu2O crystalline content.

Features of Measuring the Electrical Conductivity of Distilled Water in Contact with Air

The paper describes the results of experiments on measuring the electrical conductivity (specific conductance) of distilled water during prolonged contact with air. To carry out the experiments, a hardware-software complex was developed and manufactured that made it possible to measure the electrical conductivity of water with a relative error of the order of ±0.1% with a change in its temperature within 2–50°C, and a temperature error of ±0.06°C. It is shown that the time of diffusion and dissolution of carbon dioxide in water significantly affects the time dependence of the specific conductance of water when its temperature changes. The peculiarity of measuring the electrical conductivity of distilled water for open and closed systems is shown in the results of experiments with partially and completely filled conductometric cells. Thus, in a filled cell in the absence of gas exchange between water and air, the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of water is close to the known table value. In this case, in an empty cell, the gas exchange process significantly reduces the value of this coefficient, and the degree of decrease is proportional to the exposure time between the temperature setting and the moment of conductivity measurement. The experimental results are supplemented by theoretical dependences of the specific conductance of water on temperature for various gas exchange conditions between water and air. It is also shown that when measuring the temperature coefficient of electrical conductivity of distilled water in contact with air, it is necessary to take into account not only the time of dissolution of carbon dioxide in it, but also the design features of the electrolytic cell.

A possible ɤ- radiation Dosimeter based on the radiation induced changes in Electrical conductivity of water in the presence of silica gel

ɤ-Irradiation induces electrical conductivity (RIC) in water. But, the RIC values of water can be more than twofold higher in the presence of silica gel (SG) with particle size in the range >0.16–0...

Representation of the spatial association between salinity and water chemical properties in Al-Hassa Oasis

With poor irrigation water quality, cultivation difficulties are certainly expected to rise. This will cause a severe reduction in crops yield unless a strong strategy is followed to control and sustain high yielding capacity under particular circumstances. Water salinity presented in the form of water electrical conductivity (EC), has been presented in this study as one of the parameters that significantly participated in decreasing the quality of irrigation water in Al-Hassa oasis at Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The sharing factors in quantifying water EC and its distribution spacewise has been examined by applying the frequency ratio (FR) technique (spatial autocorrelation) between salinity status and water measured elements, specifically, chlorine (Cl-), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), potassium (K+) and magnesium (Mg2+). A threshold salinity value of (EC ≥ 2.0 dS/m) was identified as a break-line for classifying the well-water sources that non-valid for irrigating vegetables grown in the area. A statistical correlation among the examined parameters and EC was conducted using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS), and compared to the applied FR technique. A dosage of Cl- in irrigation water was observed to be the most significant candidate that raised EC, proved by an R2 of 63%. However, the FR technique has shown the validity in analyzing the spatial distribution of water measured variables; in addition to nominating the variable that had the higher association portion, which was assessed to be Na+, followed by Cl- with prediction rates of 4.22 and 3.22, respectively. Keywords: statistical correlation, GIS, water salinity, Al-Hassa, prediction rate DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201302.5298 Citation: Alhawas I, Hassaballa A A. Representation of the spatial association between salinity and water chemical properties in Al-Hassa Oasis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(2): 168–174.

Photochemical efficiency and growth of soursop rootstocks subjected to salt stress and hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in agriculture as a way to minimize the negative effects caused by biotic and abiotic stresses on plants. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the mitigating effect of hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll <em>a</em> fluorescence and growth of soursop subjected to salt stress in the rootstock production phase. The study was conducted in plastic bags under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity—ECw (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4 and 3.0 dS m^-1) and two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide—H₂O₂ (0 and 20 μM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation water salinity hamper the quantum efficiency of photosystem II in soursop plants, at 120 days after sowing and it inhibits the growth of rootstocks in the period from 80 to 140 days after sowing. Hydrogen peroxide applications at concentration of 20 μM minimized the negative effects of salinity on the soursop initial fluorescence and favored the variable fluorescence and quantum efficiency of PSII.

Infiltration and Soil Water Distribution in Irrigation Furrows Treated with Polyacrylamide

HighlightsControl furrows with 1× inflow rates were compared with 3× advance inflows treated with 10 mg L-1 polymer (WSPAM).WSPAM reduced sediment loads in furrow streams by 89%, despite its 3× greater advance inflows.WSPAM furrow advance times and infiltrated volumes were greater than predicted from increased inflows alone.WSPAM enabled reduced upper-section infiltration and increased lower-section infiltration relative to control furrows.Abstract. Few if any studies have measured the effects of water-soluble anionic polyacrylamide (WSPAM) on infiltration and soil water distribution in different segments of irrigation furrows. We conducted a four-year study on a silt loam soil with 1.5% slopes. Control furrows received no WSPAM and inflows were 15.1 L min-1, whereas WSPAM was applied using 10 mg L-1 a.i. to 45 L min-1 inflows during furrow advance. Despite its greater advance phase inflow rates, WSPAM application reduced sediment concentrations in furrow streams by an average of 89% relative to the control. A surface irrigation model, WinSRFR 5.1, was used to separate furrow inflow rate effects on infiltration from that of WSPAM. Relative to results predicted by simulation for the entire furrow, the polymer treatment: (1) increased advance time an average 1.4-fold, (2) increased advance-phase infiltrated volume 1.5-fold, and (3) increased infiltration volume at the common opportunity time 1.2-fold. Hence, these effects resulted from WSPAM and not from differences in treatment inflow rates. Treatment infiltration amounts varied markedly among irrigations and years, as did the intensity of WSPAM effects. These were attributed mainly to differences in infiltration opportunity time, but temporal differences in soil water content during furrow formation, irrigation water electrical conductivity, initial soil surface water content and water temperature, and the irrigation-long, furrow-stream mean sediment content also appear to have influenced infiltration rates. Although inconsistent, WSPAM increased net furrow infiltration in the lower section and reduced infiltration in the upper section relative to control furrows. This effect could not be explained by the greater inflow rate and shorter advance time of the WSPAM treatments and was attributed to spatially variable WSPAM effects on infiltration opportunity time and possibly irrigation water viscosity. The WSPAM management approach, while protecting against furrow erosion, may potentially provide a means of improving irrigation uniformity and reducing associated percolation water and nutrient losses. Keywords: Furrow advance, Irrigation, Irrigation uniformity, Polymers.

Impact Study of Impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir on Salt-Water Dynamics and Soil Salinity in the Yangtze River Estuary

As the largest hydropower project in China, the impact of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) on the ecological environment has aroused public attention and has been studied from various aspects. After the TGP was operated, seasonably adjusted runof f by the Three Gorge Reservoir (TGR) might cause great changes of hydrological regime in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially the estuarine areas where seawater intrusion is strong and salt-water environment is complicated. The salt-water dynamics in this region will be greatly influenced in response to the operation of TGP. In order to study the impact of the project on salt -water dynamics and soil salinity, a field experiment has been carried out in the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE). This paper seeks to investigate the influence of the TGR on salt-water dynamics and soil salinity in YRE through the analysis of the relationship between the impact factors of salt - water dynamics in the estuary area. Results showed that the estuarine runoff was closely related to the impoundment process, and the estuarine runoff was one of the most important factors that influenced salinity dynamics of water and soil in the estuary. Results showed that discharge of the TGR was affected by its water storage speed, and runoff at Datong station in the estuary was significantly correlated with the reservoir discharge. The reservoir discharge affected Datong runoff and the lag time of influence of the TGR on Datong discharge is about 8 to 9 days. Runoff at Datong station influenced the river water level in the estuary, and impact of the river runoff on the river water level was delayed around 13 days. The lag time of the influence of the impoundment process of the TGR on the estuarine water level is about 20 days. The discharge decrease of the reservoir reached 3600 m3/s during the impoundment period in 2011, and it would cause about 3500 m3/s flow decline at Datong station with 8 days lag. It will result in 15.6 cm drop in the water level and 4.26 mS/cm increase in river water electrical conductivity (EC) in the estuary, which indicated the increase risk of seawater intrusion intensity in the estuary. Significantly positive correlation between river water salinity and ground-water salinity was also observed, and influence of the river water salinity on groundwater salinity increased gradually from the river bank to the inland. Significant correlation existed between groundwater salinity and soil salinity in different soil layers, with the closest relation in the deep layers. Monitoring results showed that salinity of river water, groundwater and soil under impoundment process performed higher than that of non-impoundment process, and it could be inferred that the impoundment process has a certain impact on the salt-water dynamics and soil salinity in the estuary. In summary, soil and groundwater salinity were affected by the TGR, and risk of soil salinization increased.

Influence of microhabitat on diversity and distribution of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera in subtropical forest streams

ABSTRACT The distribution of aquatic insects is influenced by several environmental features, especially water quality and substrate. Diversity and distribution of the aquatic community and the distribution of the feeding functional groups (FFGs) of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) in four microhabitats from low-order streams on a subtropical island were analyzed. Samples were taken with a Surber sampler and environmental descriptors – water temperature (°C), dissolved oxygen (mg/L−1), electrical conductivity (µS.cm−1), depth (cm) and organic matter – were recorded. The distribution of EPT genera was analyzed by a Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates, and the relationship of EPT genera and FFGs with the microhabitats was studied using Indicators Species Analysis. Environmental features were analyzed using Redundancy Analysis and BIO-ENV. Results showed that the EPT community structure and FFGs differed between microhabitats in summer and winter, and their occurrence was associated with physical structure habitat and water quality. During the winter, there was a greater abundance of EPT genera, and the community was clearly distinguished among the four microhabitats. Moreover, there was an association of specific genera with particular substrates along the streams. The present study indicated that habitat structure is an important determinant of the EPT composition insects in subtropical streams.

Effect of PEM fuel cell exhaust water conductivity on catalyst degradation using thermal degradation resistant polymer membranes

In this paper energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Williamson-Hall grain size/strain characterization techniques were used to determine the effect exhaust water electrical conductivity, heating and electrical current had on Proton Exchange Membrane electrocatalyst degradation and the underlying mechanism. Quartz containing polybenzimidazole polymer had 6 nm of platinum sputter-coated and while 50 to 400 cycles of either 0.7 mA or 30 mA current were applied. Results showed between 38% (overall) and 100% (locally) platinum removal using 0.7 mA (400 cycles) or 30 mA (50 cycles) using water with 5 vol% acetic acid. The acetic acid increased the water's electrical conductivity and helped transport quartz to the sample surface to interact with the platinum. This interaction increased quartz's lattice strain to 1.4% and resulted in detached platinum. Furthermore, similar results may occur using membranes formulated with acid side chains, which can leach during thermal decomposition and destroy stack performance.

Application of the Bjerrum model to pure water electric conductivity

Application of the Bjerrum model to pure water electric conductivity

Photochemical efficiency and growth of soursop rootstocks subjected to salt stress and hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide has been used in agriculture as a way to minimize the negative effects caused by biotic and abiotic stresses on plants. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the mitigating effect of hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll a fluorescence and growth of soursop subjected to salt stress in the rootstock production phase. The study was conducted in plastic bags under greenhouse conditions. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity—ECw (0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and two concentrations of hydrogen peroxide—H2O2 (0 and 20 μM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation water salinity hamper the quantum efficiency of photosystem II in soursop plants, at 120 days after sowing and it inhibits the growth of rootstocks in the period from 80 to 140 days after sowing. Hydrogen peroxide applications at concentration of 20 μM minimized the negative effects of salinity on the soursop initial fluorescence and favored the variable fluorescence and quantum efficiency of PSII.

Monitoring water quality and plankton distribution in the River Nile around El-Maadi area in Egypt during 2018

In the present study, water quality parameters and planktons distribution were monitored monthly during the year 2018 within a segment of the Nile around El-Maadi area in Cairo, Egypt. The results indicated a temperature variation ranging from 16.8°C in January to 29.4°C in July. The pH of water recorded a value around 8.2 all over the study period. Total dissolved solids were highest in January (346.5mg/l) whereas, the lowest value was obtained in July (240.3mg/l). The water electric conductivity ranged from 528 to 365 µS/cm. Very little variations were noticed for ammonia, nitrite and nitrate concentrations with maximum values in November being 0.40, 0.06 and 0.605 mg/l, respectively. The calcium concentrations ranged from 27.0 to 37.2 mg/l, magnesium concentrations were in the range from 10.32 to 16.4 mg/l, whereas iron concentrations varied from 0.09 to 0.325 mg/l and manganese concentrations range was 0.0001 to 0.192 mg/l. The results indicated that the total algae count was highest during winter season followed by autumn then spring and summer. The results showed that during winter season the count of blue green algae was maximum (385 cell/ml) and also the number of diatoms was highest in winter. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed positive correlation for the total number of algae and turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electroconductivity (EC) and calcium (Ca) in water. Whereas, there was a strong negative correlation for the total algae count and water temperature.

Laboratory Calibration and Field Validation of Soil Water Content and Salinity Measurements Using the 5TE Sensor.

Capacitance sensors are widely used in agriculture for irrigation and soil management purposes. However, their use under saline conditions is a major challenge, especially for sensors operating with low frequency. Their dielectric readings are often biased by high soil electrical conductivity. New calculation approaches for soil water content (θ) and pore water electrical conductivity (ECp), in which apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) is included, have been suggested in recent research. However, these methods have neither been tested with low-cost capacitance probes such as the 5TE (70 MHz, Decagon Devices, Pullman, WA, USA) nor for field conditions. Thus, it is important to determine the performance of these approaches and to test the application range using the 5TE sensor for irrigated soils. For this purpose, sandy soil was collected from the Jemna oasis in southern Tunisia and four 5TE sensors were installed in the field at four soil depths. Measurements of apparent dielectric permittivity (Ka), ECa, and soil temperature were taken under different electrical conductivity of soil moisture solutions. Results show that, under field conditions, 5TE accuracy for θ estimation increased when considering the ECa effect. Field calibrated models gave better θ estimation (root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.03 m3 m−3) as compared to laboratory experiments (RMSE = 0.06 m3 m−3). For ECp prediction, two corrections of the Hilhorst model were investigated. The first approach, which considers the ECa effect on K’ reading, failed to improve the Hilhorst model for ECp > 3 dS m−1 for both laboratory and field conditions. However, the second approach, which considers the effect of ECa on the soil parameter K0, increased the performance of the Hilhorst model and gave accurate measurements of ECp using the 5TE sensor for irrigated soil.

Species traits and decomposability predict water quality changes during litter submergence

Plant litter plays an important role in affecting the water quality of wetland ecosystems. However, it is unknown whether litter decomposability and species traits might predict water quality changes during litter submergence. Here, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine the effects of four submerged plant species, together with two water sources (sampled from tourism and protected areas), and oxygen injection treatments on the changes of eight water quality parameters during litter submergence. Our results showed that litter submergence significantly affected water quality changes, and the observed effects changed through time and differed between two water sources, between oxygen injection and the control treatments, and among different litter species. Moreover, water electric conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), water total nitrogen (TN), ammonium and nitrite nitrogen increased with increasing initial litter total carbon (TC), TN and total phosphorus (TP), but water dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased with increasing litter TC, TN and TP. Moreover, water EC, TDS and TN increased with the final mass losses after 10-week submergence. These results indicated that species traits (including decomposability) might be good predictors for the water quality changes during litter submergence, and such a trait-based approach might be a promising tool to link plant species diversity via plant functional traits to water quality or other wetland ecosystem services.