Water Debit Research Articles

ANALISIS DESAIN EMBUNG SEBAGAI PENGATUR SUPLAI AIR IRIGASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WATER BALANCE (STUDI KASUS: EMBUNG KOLAK DESA TEMPUREJO KECAMATAN WATES KABUPATEN KEDIRI)

Embung compote is a water structure that functions to distribute and ensure the availability of water supply for crops or livestock in the dry and rainy season. Located in Tempurejo Village, Wates District, Kediri Regency. Embung is a micro-sized water reservoir (reservoir) around agricultural land that is built to accommodate the amount of rainwater during the rainy season and become a supply in the dry season. The current condition in the reservoir source compote is experiencing a problem of decreasing water resources and part of the reservoir building is leaking.
 The initial step of this research is hydrological analysis to determine monthly rainfall, effective rainfall R80, effective rainfall 10 days. The results of the analysis are then used to calculate water requirements using the Water Balance method and design planning of the compote reservoir. Water Balance / Water Balance is a comparison between the available water debit and the water required for irrigation purposes.
 Based on the results of the analysis and design planning of the embung, the dimensions of the embung are 2.3 m high, round lighthouse type, 1 flushing door with a size (2.14 mx 1 m), a volume of water reservoir is 1.086.84 m3, foundation depth is 0.8 m , the volume of the foundation is 0.217 m3 which can withstand a load of 3.255 tons.

Analysis of hydraulic sluice gate Sapon – intake in Progo river Special Region of Yogyakarta

Progo River is water source from one of the harvests to irrigate Special Region of Yogyakarta irrigation network. Sapon, which has an area of 2250 Ha, received the water from Progo through Sapon intake. To fulfill the water requirement for Sapon irrigation area according to the demand of water debit based on the water needs of System Planning (August - Jul planting pattern) and Alternative water supply (Oct - Sep), it is necessary to operate the technique on the door Sapon intake by analyze the Sapon intake watergate in terms of hydraulics. The method used was field observation by conducting interviews and hydraulic analysis of watergate by analyzing water door height (ha). From the analysis, the results has shown, four door openings are not necessary because one, two and three door openings meet the requirements for operational intake doors with high door openings <h (height of intake holes). The operation of intake doors based on the water demand system planning (August - Jul planting pattern) is more efficient than the intake door operation based on alternative water demand (Oct - Sep). From the results can be concluded that Sapon intake capable of flowing water following the required discharge.

Analysis of Water Resources in Irrigation Channels as Kinetic Energy Sources

Water resources can be utilized for various human needs including household needs, industrial needs, irrigation needs for agriculture as well as potential energy and kinetic energy for electricity generation. Sindupraja Primary / Primary Channels, which are the main canals serving irrigated areas covering 87,803 ha spread across Cirebon Regency and Indramayu Regency, with a water discharge of 10.3 m3 / sec and good discharge capacity and the large dimensions of the channel make it more optimal not to use only as a provider of irigas for agriculture but also as a potential and kinetic energy source for electricity generation. The purpose of this study was to determine the water resources in terms of hydraulics contained in irrigation channels, especially the Sindupraja Main Canal, which can be optimized as a source of kinetic energy. The purpose of irrigation is the use of water that is comprehensive and supports agricultural productivity in order to increase agricultural production, besides optimizing the management of irrigation water resources because there is stored energy namely potential energy (in falling water) and kinetic energy (in running water), where This energy can be used as the main medium to drive turbines and generators as a source of electrical energy. The amount of potential and kinetic energy produced from these water resources depends on the amount of water debit available, the speed of flowing water flow, and the consistency of water discharge in a certain size. Utilizing the potential of water resources contained in irrigation canals, water energy can be used as a source of MHP where kinetic energy contained in the flow of water in irrigation canals is used as a driver of waterwheels, where the waterwheel is used as a medium or means to convert water energy into energy mechanical form of torque on the wheel shaft to produce electrical energy. the amount of power produced depends on the water flow and speed of the water flow.

The potency of water availability and its use by the community around the Mount Merbabu National Park

Water is one of the basic needs for every living thing, including humans. This study aims to determine the availability of water in the two springs, the utilization of water by the community around MMNP, the vegetation characteristics of the spring catchment areas, and the Water Use Index (WUI). Data of water availability was taken using the volumetric method. Water utilization by the community is collected by doing the interviews with the respondents. The vegetation characteristics is analyzed based on the vegetation density by using the NDVI method. Meanwhile, the Water Use Index (WUI) is obtained from a comparison between water demand and water supply. The results showed that the water debit available in the Tuk Simuncar and Tuk sipendok was 23.22 liters/second and 31.20 liters/second which were classified as class IV. The area of Tuk simuncar is dominated by high density vegetation (75 Ha), while Tuk Sipendok is dominated by moderate density vegetation (102.28 Ha). The community around MMNP uses 211 liters of water for household needs, 59 liters for livestock, and 10 liters for agriculture. The Water Use Index (WUA) of the two springs has a value of 0.3 which is included in the low level.

Comparison of Two Simple Power Plant Design at Different Height and Water Discharge

This study aims to determine the comparison of two electrical energy produced by the Minihidro Power (PLTMH) at different heights and water discharge. After all the systems that support the construction of the mini-hydro have been designed and connected to each other to form the expected mini-hydro system, the next step is the mini-hydro work testing phase. As for the implementation using the experimental method by operating a mini-hydropower plant with variations in changing the height and water discharge. This research was conducted to determine the current and voltage produced by observing the current and input voltage and current and output voltage of the inverter circuit. The test is carried out using ammeters and voltmeters, then the measurement results are entered in a table. This study obtained data V and me to calculate the electric power generated (P). The analysis was done descriptively by comparing the data obtained to observe the effect of water height (h) and water discharge (Q) on electric power (P). From the experimental results, the greater the price of h and Q, the greater the P produced. So from this experiment, we can be implemented in a PLTMH builder by knowing the maximum water level and discharge from a water source. From the results of these experiments it can be said the higher the water to the generator, the greater the electrical energy produced. This is in accordance with the potential energy it has. The greater the potential energy of an object means the greater the electrical energy. From the comparative data of Experiments 1 and 2, it is obtained that the amount of water debit greatly influences the amount of energy/electricity generated. This is due to the large mass of water that will hit the turbine so the generator turns faster, resulting in large mechanical energy. So to build a PLTMH, water flow and altitude must be considered.

Analisis Potensi Energi Listrik Pikohidro dari Sumber Air Pegunungan Serta Upaya Peningkatan Daya Listrik dengan Memanfaatkan Rangkaian Joule Thief

The research about picohydro power plant system has been developed in recent years. However, there is a problem in output power when using too small water debit on it. Output power can improved with a generator module and joule thief module. The generator module uses a turbine that the diameter is 4 cm to drive a permanent magnet generator while the joule thief module consists of a charger controller to control charging process of battery, 3200 mAh lithium-ion battery for storing electric power generated by the generator and a joule thief circuit to increase the electrical power that stored in the battery. This device has been tested by using 7 variations of water debit that is 0.06 liters/second, 0.066 liters/second, 0.071 liters/second, 0.077 liters/second, 0.093 liters/second, 0.138 liters/second, and 0.14 liters/second. The results showed that the increasement of power generated when water debit are increased. The maximum power generated in this power generation system is 7.75 W and its able to supply power for LED lights 220 V 3 W for 165 minutes.

FIBERGLASS CIRCULAR TURBULATOR IN COUNTER FLOW DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER: A STUDY OF HEAT TRANSFER RATE AND PRESSURE DROP

This preliminary investigation studied the effect of circular turbulator vortex generator on heat transfer rate and pressure drop in a circular channel countercurrent double pipe heat exchanger with water working fluid. Increasing the number of circular turbulator yielded increasing heat transfer rate and pressure drop. The problem generated when increased pressure drop occurred in relation to more energy consumption of the water pumping system. Therefore, optimization in circular turbulator number is necessary to minimize the pressure drop about distance length between circular turbulator, tube diameter and thickness, type of material and crystal lattice, as well as the geometrical shape of fluid passage (circular or square). This study applied PVC outer tube and copper alloy inner tube, as well as fiberglass circular turbulator. The optimum results showed that seven parts of circular turbulator increasing heat transfer rate by 30% and pressure drop by 80% compared to that passage in the absence of circular turbulator at cool water debit of 7 L/min.

The effect of lamp loading variation on generator power on curved blades water wheel

Hydropower is the energy obtained from running water. The energy that is owned by water can be utilized and used in the form of mechanical and electrical energy. Utilization of water energy is mostly done by using water wheels or water turbines that utilize the presence of a waterfall or water flow in a river. This study aims to determine the effect of lamp loading on the generator power generated by the curved blade water wheel, carried out at the Fluid Engineering Laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Hasanuddin. Methods of data collection is done directly by measuring voltage and electric current, water wheel rotation, the water debit, the water channel head. The results showed lamp loading is very influential on the generator power, if more lights are turned on will cause the generator power become smaller. The biggest generator power is obtained on debit of 0,0163 m3/s and load of one lamp with six blades is 9,275 watt, eight blades is 8,06 watt, ten blades is 4,16 watt

PROTOTYPE OF WATER PIPE LEAKAGE DETECTOR USING FLOWMETER SENSOR BASED ON ARDUINO UNO

Water pipe leakage causes financial loss for the user such as PAM or PDAM. YF-S201B flowmeter sensor is a water flow sensor made of plastic with a rotor and hall effect sensor inside. The rotor will spin when the water flow through the sensor. The speed of rotor spin is proportional to the water flow. The hall effect based sensor can be used to detect water flow up to 30 liter/minute (1.800L/hour) thus, the sensor can be used to control the water flow in distribution system and water debit monitoring. The principle of prototype is the placement of sensor before the leakage and after leakage position to obtain different value of water debit. The system will send a short message automatically to the phone if water leakage is detected in the pipeline.

PUSH NOTIFICATION MONITORING SISTEM PINTU AIR BERBASIS ANDROID MENGGUNAKAN FIREBASE CLOUD MESSAGING

Flood disaster is very common, especially in Jakarta City. One way to control water debit is to create a dam or reservoir. In each reservoir there is a water gate which serves to dispose of unwanted water gradually or continuously according to the water volume present in the dam. The Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) Jakarta City needed a system that can monitor any existing water gates of the reservoir, this is to facilitate water gate inspectors to provide information. By using firebase cloud messaging technology that will be applied in the application of push-based android water doors. The application will provide notification and water gate data in real time, making it easier for users to get data in real time. Firebase Cloud Messaging is a cross platform solution that allows you to send messages reliably at no cost. In addition, the use of API as a processing medium to pull data from the web BPBD, optimize its function to mobile android. BPBD as the agency that tackling the disaster can know the state of the environment quickly and accurately. Applications created not only made for BPBD only but the general public can also to know the condition of the water gate. In addition, there are also ways of handling floods and what to do at each level of water level.For the next, this application can add other technollgy also IoT technology.

REFORESTASI BANGKA POA OLEH ANAK WASO COMMUNITY (AWAS.COM) DI WILAYAH ADAT GENDANG WASO, MANGGARAI (Sebuah Riset Sosial)

The effort to maintain the balance of the natural environment is the responsibility of all humans on earth. The Waso Community (Anak Waso Community, AWAS.com) and the Waso indigenous community have been trying to carry out their responsibilities by carrying out reforestation activities for three years. To see the extent of these efforts carried out and get its impact, it is necessary to do social research. The main objective of this social research is to observe and evaluate comprehensively the steps of the Waso children's community in carrying out reforestation activities for three years in the Bangka Poa region, as well as the impact of the activities carried out. To describe the efforts of the Awas.Com community in protecting the environment, researchers conducted social research carried out using the Planning, Organizing, Acting, Impact (POAI) method. The research results illustrate that this reforestation activity has shown a positive impact in the form of the recovery of the natural conditions of the Bangka Poa region and the stable water debit in several springs. The research study also looks at and evaluates that reforestation activities for three years in a row have had a direct or indirect impact on the growth and development of ecological, sociological, economic and religious awareness and responsibilities in the community and Waso young generation.&#x0D;

Feasibility of Well Water as a Source of Clean Water in the Coastal Coastal Settlement Area

AbstrakWell, water in coastal areas has been under heavy pressure due to various things such as increasing community needs, arid conditions (reducing water debit), contamination by various pollutants from domestic community activities, and seawater intrusion. The aim is to find out how far the well water in the maritime coastal settlement is worthy of being a source of clean water for the community. The method used is through in situ and laboratories to find out the water content in settlements, in addition to doing observations to determine the conditions around the well. The result is that some well water contents exceed the clean water standard values from physical, chemical, and microbiology tests, also found that the distance has less effect on the well water salinity levels.

ANALISIS HARGA AIR PADA AIR PERMUKAAN UNTUK USAHA TANI PADI SAWAH DI SUBAK BENGKEL, KECAMATAN KEDIRI, KABUPATEN TABANAN

Bengkel Subak is the widest subak in Kediri District, Tabanan Regency. Subak Bengkel has a total area of 329 hectares, which is divided into 19 Tempek, which is some kind of grouping. Bengkel Subak is located on two villages, Bengkel Village and Pangkung Tibah Village. The water acquisition is also agreed based on the water debit in each place. This study aims to determine the price of water used by farmers in Subak Bengkel paddy farming, also to know the influence of production and constraints factors experienced in rice farming. The results calculation with the use of value of marginal product (VMP) approach showed that the price of water for irrigated paddy in Subak Bengkel was Rp 413,593.85 / ha / year, around 206,796.92 / ha / planting season or around Rp 206.79 / m3, where the most influential factor is seedlings with an elasticity coefficient of 0.861 affecting production of 8.61 percent. The most common obstacle experienced by Subak Bengkel farmers is the pest in the form of crabs that damage the rice field dike. In the future, Bengkel Subak will include water discharge as an production input in rice farming for appreciation of water resources.

PERENCANAAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI AIR BERSIH INSTALASI TEGAL GEDE KABUPATEN BEKASI

Increased population growth must be followed by the availability of clean and healthy water. This research is to find out the amount of water needs of PDAM customers for South Cikarang and Cibarusah areas. The purpose of this paper is to find out the clean water needs of customers of PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi South Cikarang Branch in 2020 and find out the increase in population and number of customers and how much those needs are. So that PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi can serve the community at present and in the future for its distribution evenly, so that the community can obtain clean water smoothly. From the analysis using the realization of needs analysis, it is obtained the need for clean water for customers of PDAM Tirta Bhagasasi, Cikarang Selatan Branch for 2020, amounting to 394, 5 liters / second. Estimated clean water debit needed for 2020 in the Cibarusah region is Q = 169.1 liters / sec. The volume of additional customers for 2020 South Cikarang and Cibarusah Branches is 0.283 m3 / second. With this debit, it is possible to add 31,067 customers to PDAM Cikarang Selatan Branch. In the analysis of the pipe capacity for the next five years 2020 for the South Cikarang Branch the dimension of the pipe is still able to flow water from the Tegal Gede reservoir to the villa Mutiara reservoir.

Analisis Banjir Di Kawasan Jondul Rawang Kota Padang

Flood has been an endless disaster for human being all over the world since the past, nowadays and in future. Water flood may be affected by nature or human activities or even by both nature and human. Almost all region in Indonesia facing the flood problem with various scale and time.Jondul Rawang one place located in south side of Padang city for example is always suffer with water flood. This study is an analysis of flood for Jondul Rawang, using EPA SWMM 5.1 software with simulation method. The simulation result will show location of points on drainage system which start to offer flowincluding the time and duration. Calculation is made based on collected data, hydrology and hydraulyc analysis.The data should cover primary and secondary drainage system then come out with design flood and hydraulyc analysis to check the capacity of drainage.Calculation of rainfall for repeat period using probability method Chi-Kuadratand Smirnov-Kolmogorof will obtain Log Normal Method for rainfall 251,62 mm. To calculate water debit inside drainage for 5 years period flood exist channel 1-2, 3-4, 5-6, and 8-9 with respective overflow 4,5 m3/sec, 6,53 m3/sec, 6,36 m3/sec, and 6,50 m3/sec. While capacity of respective existing drainage are lower such as: 4,47 m3/sec, 5,48 m3/sec, 2,96 m3/sec, and 1,82 m3/sec. Solution to be taken place to resolve the flood problem for Jondul Rawang are Enlarge the drainage size, build retention pond and build infiltration pond.

Water quality depends on remineralization’s method in the desalination plant

Desalination of seawater is an alternative solution in arid zones to provide potable water. In south Morocco, the National Office of Electricity and Water (ONEE) has built many desalination factories. However, the osmosis water (permeate) is unbalanced and has a corrosive character. Therefore, a post-treatment of remineralization is necessary to return to water its calcio-carbonic equilibrium and to protect the distribution pipelines from corrosion degradation. Following the performance on limestone bed remineralization in Daoura plant in comparison with other methods, this article evaluates this technique, by checking the effect of parameters on water quality on the laboratory scale using a calcite bed pilot. We tested E.B.C.T (Empty Bed Contact Time), the upward speed, the bed length, the effect of water debit and the residence time on the treated water quality. Monitoring these parameters on the laboratory scale is indeed essential for optimal remineralization process. With the results of this study as well as economic consideration, it is possible to optimize the choice of the conditions needed for remineralization operation through limestone bed to minimize its costs with sizing and extrapolating to the industrial scale.

Automatic Tomatoes Plant Watering System using Internet of Things

Tomatoes plant is one of a plant that has a promised business opportunity, especially in Indonesia. The quality and output from tomatoes plant can be improved by paying attention to soil moisture and temperature of the plant, those things can be recked by watering the plant. Normally people do plant watering manually, that way was less effective because of water debit was not match to its need. Therefore smart automatic watering tomatoes plant and monitoring using internet will be needed, so quality and output can be improved, also farmer duty can be a lot easier. This device consists of DHT22 and soil moisture sensor as measures indicator of plant temperature and soil moisture, NodeMCU as connector between arduino and internet, 12V DC pump for watering tool, relay as contact for controlling the pump, and arduino as the main system to run the watering that going starts when the moisture level below 60% and stop at 75%. Arduino is used to receive data from sensors and send it to nodeMCU that connected to the internet, so user can monitor tomatoes plant via internet.

Design of microhidro turbine for electricity plants based on techno park in cimanggu village

The utilization of water as a natural resource of renewable energy for power plant is one of the alternative solutions to replace the need for fossil fuels. In Cimanggu village, there is a river that has a waterfall, which can be used to generate electricity. But the waterfall is currently used as a village tour. From observations and the calculation speed of the flow by using buoys, and river cross-sectional area obtained the total river debit Q more than 0.07 m3 / s. From the measurements is also obtained high fall the waterfall H = 22 m. Based on the existing height and debit of the water fall the major dimensions of a water turbine Pelton Micro Hydro type as the driving power generator was planned. The results of calculations for effective head = 18 m, with a water debit that is used to drive the runners Q = 0.07 m3/s, gained power generated by 7,0 kW. By the data is planned the main dimensions of micro turbine, Pelton outer runner diameter D = 250 mm, the diameter of the circle pin DL = 346 mm, number of blades z = 12 with 2 nozzles, and a shaft diameter ds = 30 mm. In planning this turbine, water is only directed to radiate to one side in order to replace the function of the waterfall. Because water is directed to one side, the shaft will experience an axial force (which is parallel to the shaft).

Design of Clean Water Pipes in Bangga Village, South Dolo District, Sigi Regency

This study is to provide an overview of the design of clean water pipelines in Bangga Village, South Dolo District, Sigi Regency. The limitation in this design is to analyze the availability of water/discharge mainstay of the Bangga River using the F.J Mock method and calculate the need for clean water in Bangga Village according to the estimated population for the next 27 years. The design method is carried out using meteorological data collection methods, data on population density, topographic data, and rainfall data, then calculates the need for clean water and is compared with the reliable discharge. The result is obtained a minimum mainstay of the Bangga River discharge (Qand 0.282 m3 / sec) to meet the needs of clean water in the service area until 2040 required a water debit of (6,295 ltr / sec). From the water requirements, 2 (two) design methods were designed which included 1 (one) clean water pipeline design and 2 (two) clean water pipeline design. From the design results obtained a maximum pressure of 4.2662 kg / cm2 which occurs at the node / pipe connection P.15 this does not exceed the maximum allowable limit of 10 kg / cm2, while the maximum speed obtained at 1.1688 m / sec which occur at vertices P, 6 and P. 12 this does not exceed the maximum limit of 3 m / sec. For the number of pipe requirements needed in this design are 1747 sticks, where for Ø 8 "17 sticks, Ø 6" 259 sticks, Ø 4 "108 sticks, Ø 3" 760 sticks, Ø 1 "565 sticks, Ø ½ "38 sticks.

ANALISA SISTEM SUPLAI AIR PRODUKSI DAN AIR PENDINGIN UNTUK KEHANDALAN OPERASI DI PLTU PULANG PISAU (2X66MW)

This study aims to determine the water supply / discharge system of water pretreatment station equipment which is then processed for the purpose of operating a steam power plant. In the distribution process, the reliability of the equipment and the resulting discharge will be observed whether it is in accordance with the provisions for the ideal operation or not. The expected discharge is 518 m3 / h according to the water balance so that the plant can operate full load (2x66 MW). With this condition, the company is expected to benefit. In the actual conditions this ideal discharge condition is not achieved so that the impact of the plant cannot operate full load (2x66 MW). With water conditions that do not match these expectations, it is feared that the company will continue to suffer losses. In fact, this study only obtained a maximum discharge of 402.2 m3 / h. From this figure there is a difference in water debit of 115.8 m3 / h. Furthermore, this debit shortage must be overcome so that the generator can meet the maximum full load performance. For long-term steps, standby backup equipment must be provided in anticipation of the operation.