Water-cooled Heat Exchanger Research Articles

172. 循環器用水冷方式X線管装置の使用経験

172. 循環器用水冷方式X線管装置の使用経験

172.循環器用水冷方式X線管装置の使用経験(第24回秋季学術大会 一般研究発表予稿集)

172.循環器用水冷方式X線管装置の使用経験(第24回秋季学術大会 一般研究発表予稿集)

Results of Damage Research on Corrosion Failures in Heat Exchangers

Based on damage research and corrosion experiments, an attempt is made to systematize failures of heat-exchanger lubes through different kinds of corrosion (with and without mechanical loading) from the cooling-water side. Various countermeasures are offered to prevent corrosion of the tubes. Since the stability of the protective layer is the main barrier against corrosive attack, indications are given of ways to improve these layers on copper alloys and to determine their stability. Furthermore, the common alloys for water-cooled heat exchangers are compared with respect to their erosion resistance.

A human calorimeter for the direct and indirect measurement of 24 h energy expenditure.

1. A calorimeter for the continuous measurement of heat production and heat loss in the human subject, for at least 24 h, is described. The calorimeter operated on the heat-sink principle for direct calorimetry and an open-circuit system for indirect calorimetry. 2. Sensible heat loss was measured using a water-cooled heat exchanger, and the temperature of water entering the heat exchanger was controlled to maintain a mean temperature gradient of zero across the chamber walls. 3. Evaporative heat loss was determined from ingoing and outgoing wet-and-dry bulb temperatures and air flow-rates. 4. Problems associated with the calculation of evapoative heat loss and the estimation of the volume of incoming air in open-circuit systems are considered. 5. The calibration, limits of accuracy, sources of error and experiments with subjects are discussed.

Partial equilibrium model for predicting concentration of CO in combustion

A simple kinetic model, based upon the concept of partial equilibrium, is developed for predicting carbon monoxide concentrations in such steady flow hydrocarbon-air combustion systems as gas turbine combustors. The only two kinetic constraints used in the model are (i) on the rate of change of the total number of gaseous particles in the system, and (ii) on the rate of change of the CO concentration. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparison with experimental results obtained by burning kerosene with air in a 130,000 Btu/hr atmospheric pressure steady flow burner. Burnt gas cooling rates of 10 60K/sec, about the magnitude encountered in the dilution zone of gas turbine combustors, were obtained with a compact water-cooled heat exchanger. Good agreement between measured CO concentrations and the values predicted by the partial equilibrium model was obtained.

Apparatus and methods for horizontal high-voltage electrophoresis on paper with unilateral cooling, operating up to 170 V·cm −1 and 0.6 W·cm −2

The construction is described of an apparatus for horizontal paper electrophoresis with a solid water-cooled heat exchanger. The apparatus is suitable for rapid and safe routine work with paper sheets of larger dimensions at high potential gradients. The temperature of the paper can be measured and the separation process can be followed visually. The method of simultaneous multiple two-dimensional separation and the procedure of sample transfer by the printing technique are described.