Water Consumption Coefficient Research Articles

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

A comprehensive comparative agrotechnological assessment of the cultivation of spring soft wheat in a five-field grain fallow crop rotation in the forest-steppe agrolandscapes of the Omsk Region was carried out. In a stationary two-factor grain-fallow crop rotation, the importance of predecessors, tillage, chemicalization on the state of soil fertility, agrophytocenosis, yield and technological parameters of grain was revealed. It was established that repeated crops of the crop lead to a decrease in yield relative to the fallow predecessor by 1.18–1.44 t/ha with a decrease in gluten in the grain to 20.7–22.7 %. The negative impact of repeated crops on the water and nutrient regime of the soil, the growth of the weed component, root rot, leaf and stem infections in crops was revealed. The decrease in nitrate accumulation, yield and protein content of grain on the third wheat after fallow is also associated with a significant (1.7–3.6 times) decrease in nitrifying bacteria in the upper (0–20) soil layer. It is proposed to reduce the area of repeated and permanent crops of spring wheat in the region by 1.5–2 times, it is necessary to expand the set of productive predecessors. Cultivation of spring wheat using intensive technology helps to increase soil fertility and improve the phytosanitary condition of crops. Thus, the coefficient of water consumption for the formation of 1 ton of grain with intensive technology of cultivation of spring wheat decreases on average from 265 to 57 mm (4.6 times). Under the conditions of extensive agriculture and arid climate, the fallow field in the grain production of the region is still the basis for increasing the yield, technological properties of grain and seed quality. Thus, in the arid agrolandscapes of Western Siberia, the predecessors, the system of tillage in crop rotation, the use of intensification tools have a significant impact on the elements of soil fertility and the phytosanitary state of spring wheat crops.

Optimisation of cooling performance and water consumption of a solid desiccant-assisted indirect evaporative cooling system using response surface methodology

Solid desiccant-assisted dew-point indirect evaporative cooling (SD-DPIEC) systems have gained considerable attention as a potential eco-friendly alternative to vapour-compression cooling systems in building cooling applications. However, one major drawback of these systems is their substantial water consumption during evaporative cooling. To tackle this issue, this study aims to improve the cooling efficiency and water utilisation of an SD-DPIEC system using response surface methodology (RSM). This research focuses on optimising four key parameters: supply air temperature, humidity ratio, water consumption rate and coefficient of performance (COP). The independent variables encompass the ambient temperature, relative humidity, regeneration temperature, and recirculation air ratio. Employing a multi-objective optimisation approach via the desirability function, the optimised SD-DPIEC system is subsequently tested in two prevalent weather patterns in Australia. The results demonstrated that the regression models derived from RSM exhibited commendable predictive capability, with the determination coefficient R2 and Adequate Precision exceeding 0.97 and 40.46, respectively. The outcomes revealed that the system attained its optimal performance with a supply air temperature of 20.36 °C, humidity ratio of 12.56 g kg-1, a water consumption rate of 3.11 kg/hr, and COP of 2.03 under the ambient temperature of 33.79 °C, relative humidity of 68.48 %, regeneration temperature of 51.78 °C, and recirculation air ratio of 60 %. Based on the optimisation results, a case study was undertaken to evaluate the system's applicability in representative Australian climates. The results demonstrated that the system could uphold air conditions with the supply air temperature below 19 °C and humidity ratio below 11.51 g kg-1 under the studied Australian climates.

Water consumption of corn under different methods of primary tillage after row-crop predecessors on an energy-storage soil maintenance system

The object of research was the light chestnut soil of the Chokh Agrofirm of the Gunibsky district in the Kizilyurt transhumance zone of the Republic of Dagestan. The humus content in the arable layer is 2.77%, P2O5–2.21, K2O – 32.8 mg/100 g, the density of the arable soil layer is 1.24 g/cm3, the lowest moisture capacity (MC) is 29.2% (layer 0–0.6 m). The effectiveness of two row-crop predecessors was studied: sunflower for seeds and corn for grain, and the use of skimmers in the main tillage for corn. Soil moisture, watering and irrigation standards, incoming and outgoing items of the water balance and the coefficient of water consumption for corn were determined. In the second ten days of May, the plant remains of predecessors were crushed using double disking with heavy disc harrows BDT-3, plowing was carried out to a depth of 0.28–0.30 m with a PLN-4-35 plow with and without skimmers, the field was leveled with a small leveler MV – 6 and watered at the rate of moistening the soil layer of 0–0.6 m in strips with lateral release of water manually, vegetation irrigation was carried out in furrows. Sunflower sowing was carried out with seeds of the VNIIMK-8883 variety, corn – hybrid ROSS-299, the seeding rate for both crops was 72 thousand seeds/ha. Fertilizers for sunflower were applied at the rate of N90Р40К90, including N40Р24К74for plowing, N16Р16К16– when sowing with seeds, N34for fertilizing in the phase of 5–6 leaves when cutting furrows, for corn – N90Р40, of which N40Р24for plowing, N16Р16К16when sowing with seeds, N30in fertilizing in the phase of 3–5 leaves. It has been established that in the areas of irrigated agriculture of the Western Caspian region, when selecting row-crop predecessors for corn for grain, preference should be given to early-ripening varieties of sunflower for seeds, which are harvested in the third decade of July, and after harvesting it remains in the soil more than 15 t/ha of plant mass. At the same time, the maximum corn yield is achieved – 9.16 t/ha of grain, exceeding the control by 33.1%, due to which, with the same total water consumption as the control option, the water consumption coefficient is reduced by 23.7%.

The influence of herbicides and organomineral fertilizers on the water consumption coefficient of chickpea in the Lower Volga region

The influence of herbicides and organomineral fertilizers on the water consumption coefficient of chickpea in the Lower Volga region

The Hourly Peak Coefficient of Single-Family and Multi-Family Buildings in Poland: Support for the Selection of Water Meters and the Construction of a Water Distribution System Model

Taking care of water resources and minimizing water losses in water supply networks requires a broad approach to identifying and neutralizing operational problems. The correct selection of water meters to minimize apparent losses requires knowledge of the characteristic flows that may occur in the facility to which water is supplied. The research aimed to develop tools in the form of mathematical models and water consumption curves along with hourly water consumption coefficients to facilitate the process of selecting water meters for engineers and creating computer models of water supply systems. The research involved monitoring the flow of 76 single-family and multi-family buildings in four towns in Poland, followed by data analysis and development of tools supporting the selection of water meters and the construction of computer models of water distribution networks. High correlation coefficients of the studied variables indicate the results’ usefulness. Four models were developed to determine the maximum flow values in multi-family buildings (three models) and single-family buildings (one model) in the range of water meter diameters DN15-DN40. Characteristics of the average hourly peak coefficient (HPC) values were also developed, along with the range of changes in HPC values for single-family and multi-family buildings.

Historical and ecological aspects of hydro-reclamation research at the Kirov Meadow-Swamp Experimental Station (<i>to the 105th anniversary of the Station's formation</i>)

The article presents the history of the origin and development of hydromodule research at the Kirov Meadow-Swamp Experimental Station, their practical implementation and ecological significance in the development of the principles of a saving, soil-protective and environment-forming system of agriculture on organic soils in the conditions of the North-East of the European part of the Russian Federation. The main object of long-term research is a typical lowland peatland «Gadovskoye», located on the territory of the Kotelnich peat base of the Kirov region. Special attention is paid to the search for the most effective ways to regulate the water regime of drained swamps used in feed production. It has been established that the most operational, efficient and environmentally friendly method is sluicing, when additional moisture is supplied to the root layer from below. The most optimal range of groundwater regime for annual and perennial forage grasses is shown. The correlation dependence of yield on the degree of drainage of peat deposits is presented. A significant contribution to the reclamation science was made by hydromodule studies on the cutover bogs of the Kirov region. The chemical composition of groundwater and waste swamp waters has been studied on the «Gadovskoye», «Zenginskoye», «Bakhtinskoye», «Pishchalskoye» peatlands, and others, the relationship of the water-physical properties and water regime of the residual deposit with food and temperature regimes, as well as with the coefficient of water consumption of plants and the bearing capacity of the soil of cutover bogs has been established. Agroecological monitoring of the developed peatlands, which have been in culture for more than 40−60 years, shows that during the operation of these facilities there is a gradual decrease in their productivity, due to a decrease in the total agricultural background, partial and even complete violation of the hydrological functions of the drainage network. In order not to completely lose these anthropogenic formations from the sphere of cultural nature management, it is necessary, first of all, periodic repairs of the entire drainage system. Further restructuring within the landscape shell will make it possible to construct fundamentally new post-swamp forest-meadow agroecosystems, where other alternative fields to forage production (hunting, forestry activity, berry-officinal, mushroom, etc.) can be provided.

ВОДОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ, УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ЛУКА РЕПЧАТОГО В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ГУМИНОВЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ ПРИ КАПЕЛЬНОМ ПОЛИВЕ В САРАТОВСКОМ ЗАВОЛЖЬЕ

Purpose: to study the features of humic fertilizer impact on water consumption, yield and quality of onions under drip irrigation in the dry-steppe zone of Saratov Trans-Volga region. Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out on dark chestnut soils in 2019–2022. The objects of the study were the zoned Chalcedony variety and fertilizers based on humic acids. Related observations and studies of water consumption, productivity formation and yield quality were carried out using generally accepted methods. Results. Research has shown that when maintaining a drip irrigation regime, which involves watering when soil moisture is reduced to 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity in the 0–30 cm layer, the total water consumption of onions on average over the years of the study amounted to 4102 cub. m/ha, average daily – 31 cub. m/ha. The humic fertilizer application contributed to a more economical use of moisture and irrigation water, as evidenced by a decrease in the water consumption coefficient by 7.1–23.3 %, and the cost of irrigation water to form a unit of marketable output by 15.9–24.0 %. Humic fertilizers also provided a significant yield increase – 4.9–15.31 t/ha (10–31 % higher than the control – without fertilizers). Conclusions: the humic fertilizer application, which have stimulating and adaptogenic features, when growing onions under the arid conditions of the Saratov Trans-Volga region with drip irrigation, is an effective technique that ensures more economical use of water resources and increases the yield of one of the leading vegetable crops – onions.

Water consumption and coefficient of water consumption of cotton variety Bukhara-8 in conditions of alluvial-meadow soil of Bukhara region

Water consumption and coefficient of water consumption of cotton variety Bukhara-8 in conditions of alluvial-meadow soil of Bukhara region

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИЕМОВ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И ВОДОПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ГОРОХА В УСЛОВИЯХ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Purpose: to identify an effective combination of primary soil tillage methods, fertilizer background, water consumption features at different sowing dates and their influence on the yield of new pea varieties in Rostov region. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2022–2023 at the experimental stationary of the scientific center. The following were studied: basic soil tillage methods (plowing, combined, chiseling) (factor A); fertilizer backgrounds: 1) without fertilizers, 2) Р₄₀K₄₀, 3) P₆₀K₆₀, 4) P₈₀K₈₀, 5) N₁₅Р₄₀K₄₀, 6) N₃₀P₈₀K₈₀ (factor B). Sowing was carried out in two stages. Soils are ordinary chernozem. Results. Higher yields were obtained in the variants of the 1st sowing date, regardless of cultivation and fertilizers. The increase was 6.3–6.8 % for the Donets and 6.9–8.4 % for the Amulet varieties, compared with the data for the 2nd term. A decrease in yield was noted with combined and chisel tillage, regardless of the fertilizer background and sowing dates; it was 6.0–6.3 and 5.2–5.3 % for the Donets and Amulet varieties, respectively; 4.9–5.2 and 3.5–4.7 %, compared with plowing (factor A). The highest pea yield according to factor B was provided by the N₃₀P₈₀K₈₀ variant: 3.03 and 2.86 t/ha for the Donets varieties, 2.56 and 2.39 t/ha for the Amulet varieties. The yield increases reached 0.89–0.93 t/ha (44.3–45.2 %) and 0.67–0.71 t/ha (38.3–38.9 %), respectively, compared to the control. The difference in average yield between the P₈₀K₈₀ and N₃₀P₈₀K₈₀ variants did not exceed 0.09–0.13 t/ha for the Donets variety and 0.03–0.06 t/ha for the Amulet variety. Conclusions. The best average yield was obtained in the variant with plowing and N₃₀P₈₀K₈₀ nutrition at the first sowing period in 2023, amounting to 3.72 t/ha for the Donetsk variety and 2.91 t/ha for the Amulet variety. The lowest water consumption coefficient of peas was also noted here – 804 m³/t.

The crop yield of spring wheat under conditions of the Aridized climate

Due to the global warming, massive aridization is observed in the Transbaikal territory, including Buryatia, as a result, agriculture is forced to function under conditions of a strict limit of atmospheric and soil moisture. In spring and early summer, the potential evaporation here is 3-5 times higher than the amount of rainfalls, which leads to crop shortages and to a harvest failure. Thus, it is necessary to use irrigation reclamation for the effective management of agricultural production in this territory. This work researches the manifestation of soil drought in alluvial meadow soil. The study of the effect of various doses of mineral fertilizers and maintenance of soil moisture at the lowest moisture level at 70% LMC and 80% LMC showed that maximum yield and minimum water consumption coefficient are provided by maintaining soil moisture above 80% LMC and fertilization with a doubled dose of nitrogen.

Влияние агромелиоративных приемов на водно-физические свойства светло-каштановой тяжелосуглинистой почвы при возделывании риса на фоне дождевания в условиях Нижнего Поволжья

Purpose: scientific substantiation of the use of agro-reclamation tillage practices of light chestnut heavy loamy soils in rice cultivation with periodic irrigation by sprinkling. Materials and methods. The research was conducted at the experimental site of the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture in 2022–2023 with Stalingrad 1 rice crops in a two-factor experiment: factor A (soil water regime) – two options and factor B (tillage) – three options. Generally accepted methods of laying and conducting field research were used. Results. Immediately after rice sowing, the soil density in the layer of 0.0–0.6 m, varied in the range of 1.19–1.41 t/cubic m depending on the tillage practice. The minimum value of soil density in the layer of 0.0–0.6 m was formed in the A2B3 variant and amounted to 1.23 t/cubic m. The maximum soil compaction in this layer of 1.34 t/cubic m was observed in variant A1B1. During the period of full ripeness of the grain, soil compaction occurred in all tillage options. Its minimum compaction (1.34 t/cubic m), compared with the control (winter plowing), was noted with a combination of winter plowing and spring deep loosening. The minimum values of the water consumption coefficient and irrigation water loss were obtained in the A2B3 variant, and their numerical values were 851.7 and 703.6 cubic m/t, respectively. Conclusions. It was found that winter plowing to a depth of 0.25–0.27 m in combination with spring deep loosening to a depth of 0.40 m, in comparison with traditional winter plowing in one step, provides a decrease in soil density in a layer of 0.0–0.4 m by 0.10 (after sowing) and 0.12 t/cubic m (during the period of full ripeness of grain), which contributes to the yield increase to 6.95 t/ha and a reduction in irrigation water loss by 112.4 cubic m for the formation of 1 ton of grain.

Effects of precision irrigation on water regime and productivity of winter wheat

The aim of the research was to establish the effect of precision irrigation with varying mineral fertilizer availability on winter wheat productivity. Studies were carried out on irrigated arable land in the Rostov region. The test scheme included 3 replications. The climate of the research area is arid but not hot enough. The sum of temperatures for growing period is in the range of 30003200 C, the average annual precipitation is 470 mm, for the growing period - 285 mm. The soil cover of the experimental site is chernozem. According to the granulometric composition of the soil, the entire profile is represented mainly by heavy loam, turning into medium loam at a depth of 130-160 cm. The structural state in dry sieving and the water resistance of the aggregates are characterized as excellent. The lowest water-holding capacity for 0-60-centimeter layer is 28.3 %, which is good according to the existing classification. Soil density in 0.6 m layer is 1.27 t/m3, and in 1.0 m layer - 1.33 t/m3. Differentiated doses of fertilizers against the background of irrigation technologies studied in variants had a significant impact on productivity of winter wheat. Thus, in the variants with no irrigation, water consumption coefficient of winter wheat was 890.8 to 1343.6 m3/t; using the recommended irrigation system reduced its value to 725.91327.3 m3/t, and the precision irrigation technology provided a reduction in the value of water consumption coefficient to 681.61147.6 m3/t. The conducted studies revealed advantage of precision irrigation technology and mineral fertilizers, the use of which in different years provided higher winter crop yield by an average of 0.55 t/ha in comparison with the recommended technology, and, in comparison with variants without irrigation - by 3.49 t/ha. The introduction of modern high-precision irrigation technologies will make agricultural products produced on irrigated land more competitive.

Soybean varietal response to irrigation and fertilization in the Lower Volga region

The research was conducted to study the responsiveness of soybean cultivars with different maturation periods to irrigation water and fertilizer and to select cultivars that provide high yields while saving water and agrochemical resources. The method of laying the field experiment was applied (B.A. Dospekhov, 1979). We used different cultivars of RRIIA breeding and doses of fertilizers designed to obtain a yield of 2.5 to 4.5 t/ha of grain. The plot area was 35 m2. The factorial experiment was conducted with four replications. An irrigation regime of 80 % FMC was achieved by watering 0.4 m layer of soil until budding phase and during ripening period - full ripeness. During the generative periods of development of agrophytocenosis (budding - filling of seeds in beans), the moisture inflow into the soil was increased to a depth of 0.6 m. The share of irrigation water increased significantly in years with hydrothermal coefficient GTC02 (2020) - up to 76.5 % - compared to more favorable years with GTC05 (2019). Early maturing cultivars were characterized by the lowest consumption of irrigation water per season: VNIIOZ 86 (31384014 m3/ha) and Volgogradka 2 (36534381 m3/ha), compared to mid-season cultivars VNIIOZ 31 and Volgogradka 3 (40785027 m3/ha). Cv. Volgogradka 2 had the greatest responsiveness to irrigation water - 3.57 t/ha and the lowest water consumption coefficient - 1136 m3/t of grain compared to other cultivars with indicators of 2.813.74 t/ha; 12351297 m3/t, respectively. For the first time, under irrigation in the Lower Volga region, the technology for obtaining high levels of grain yield of 2.974.27 t/ha was improved through the use of genotype of cultivar of regional breeding (Volgogradka 2, Volgogradka 3) and improved mineral nutrition of plants based on a programmed yield (2.54.5 t/ha).

INFLUENCE OF SHORT-TERM CROP ROTATIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS OF SUNFLOWER ON SOIL WATER REGIME

The article analyses the features of water consumption of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. Presents the results of the 2020‒2021 research carried out in the experimental field of Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V. V. Dokuchaev, located in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The soil cover of the experimental field is represented by typical chernozem heavy loam on loess-like loam. Soil moisture was determined by gravimetric technique. Sunflower water consumption was calculated using the water balance method. The sunflower yield was recorded manually. The purpose of our research was to determine how short-term crop rotations with different sunflower saturation affect the formation of the soil water regime and the yield of the crop itself. The experimental design included five-field crop rotations with sunflower saturation of 0, 20, 40, and 60 %. The control in the experiment was a five-field crop rotation without sunflowers. It was determined that the yield of sunflower seeds depended on the variants and ranged from 3,21 to 3,57 t/ha. The increase in the share of sunflower in crop rotation was accompanied by a decrease in its yield, in particular, due to the deterioration of moisture supply. Soil moisture consumption was the highest in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 60 % (2969 m3/ha). Against the background of reducing the share of sunflower to 40 and 20%, moisture consumption was 2713 and 2824 m3/ha. The water consumption coefficient was high due to an increase in the share of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations. It was determined that in crop rotation with sunflower saturation of 40 % the coefficient of water consumption was the lowest. At the same time, this variant has the highest yield of sunflower seeds (3,57 t/ha). Increasing the saturation of short-term crop rotations with sunflowers up to 60 % should occur under conditions of the high culture of agriculture. Therefore, ways of efficient use of soil moisture to increase the yield of sunflowers in short-term crop rotations are being developed.

DRIP IRRIGATION REGIMES AND EFFICIENCY OF WATER USE BY SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS

The article presents the results of experimental research on the effect of drip irrigation system designs on the formation of irrigation regimes, productivity, and efficiency of water use by sunflower hybrids. In addition, the main components of evapotranspiration were taken into account, and coefficients of water consumption (WCC), irrigation efficiency (IE), and irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) were chosen as criteria for the efficiency of drip irrigation. Short-term field research was carried out during 2020-2022 on the lands of the Brylivske experimental field of the Institute of Water Problems and Reclamation of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Kherson region, subzone of the Dry Steppe). Analytical and mathematical as well as statistical methods were used to process experimental data. The scheme of the three-factor field experiment provided various options for laying irrigation pipelines of drip irrigation systems (in the horizontal and vertical planes), as well as the implementation of a pulsed water supply mode (standard). The version with a natural moisture supply (without irrigation) was the control. The results of experimental research proved that the method of laying drip irrigation pipelines had a direct effect on the parameters of the formation of drip irrigation regimes and the productivity of sunflower hybrids in the conditions of the Dry Steppe. The mechanism of evapotranspiration formation of sunflower crops in irrigated and non-irrigated conditions has been determined. It was statistically proven that the application of subsoil drip irrigation with the laying of irrigation pipelines at a depth of 0.3 m and a distance between them of 1.0 m is the most appropriate for growing sunflower hybrids. This is explained by biological features, namely drought resistance of this crop. Thus, in field experiments, the variant with in-soil laying of drip irrigation pipelines provided almost identical yield (4.01-4.09 t/ha) when having lower crop water consumption coefficients (1088.7-1125.7 m3/t) and higher efficiency of irrigation water use – 2.27-2.41 kg of grain per 1 m3 of irrigation water.

Agricultural Total Water Consumption Coefficient and Its Spatial Correlation Network in Yangtze River Economic Belt

Agriculture contributes extensively to the economic development of countries; however, it is one of the main water-consuming industries. Revealing the characteristics and network structure of agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is conducive to green and coordinated development of agriculture. Considering that analyzing the variation of AWUE is helpful to calculating the AWUE, this study aims to calculate the total water consumption coefficient of the agricultural sector in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB) by using the China interregional input-output tables in 2012 and 2017. The gravity model was modified to deduce the spatial correlation network of agricultural total water consumption coefficient (ATWCC), and the social network analysis method was used to analyze the network structural characteristics. The results show that: (1) compared to 2012, the AWUE of YEB in 2017 improved, with a decrease of ATWCC from 532.5 to 387.5 m3/10,000-yuan, account for 27.2%; (2) The network relevance of ATWCC of YEB’s 11 provinces (cities) enhanced, the rank relationship within the network and the network structure was relatively stable; (3) The spatial correlation network formed several network centers, Zhejiang and Jiangsu in the eastern coastal area were the main destinations of the spatial spillover of the spatial correlation network.

Carbon and water footprint analysis of pig farm buildings in Northeast China using building-information-modeling enabled assessment

Environmental impact evaluation of buildings is critical for further analysis and optimization of pig farms for sustainable pork production. This study is the first attempt to quantify the carbon and water footprints of a standard intensive pig farm building using building information modeling (BIM) and operation simulation model. The model was constructed with carbon emission and water consumption coefficients, and a database was built. The results showed that the operational stage of pig farm accounted for most of the carbon footprint (49.3–84.9 %) and water footprint (65.5–92.5 %). Building materials production ranked second in carbon (12.0–42.5 %) and water footprints (4.4–24.9 %), and pig farm maintenance ranked third in carbon (1.7–5.7 %) and water footprints (0.7–3.6 %). Notably, the mining and production stages of building materials contributed the largest carbon and water footprints of pig farm construction. Masonry materials have a significant impact on the overall carbon and water footprints of the pig farm. Pig farm using aerated concrete could reduce 41.1 % of the total carbon footprint and 58.9 % of the total water footprint compared to that using coal gangue sintered brick and autoclaved fly ash brick. This study presented a BIM-enabled method for carbon and water footprint analysis of pig farms and illustrated how the model can be used to facilitate the low carbon design of agricultural buildings.

Productivity of sugar sorgo in a mix with forage beans in modeling various conditions of mineral nutrition

The studies were carried out in 2020-2021. in the conditions of a field experiment at the hospital of the FSBSI "Omsk ASC". The purpose of the research is to study the influence of various conditions of mineral nutrition on the productivity of sugar sorghum mixed with fodder beans in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of the following options: soil supply with mobile phosphorus (factor A) - medium (50 ... 100 mg / kg according to F.V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (100 ... 120 mg / kg, background I and 140 ... mg/kg, background II), high (150...200 mg/kg, background III); phosphorus fertilizer (factor B) - P0, P60; nitrogen fertilizer (factor C) - N0, N30, N60. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized by a neutral pHwater of the arable layer with a humus content of 7.01 ... 7.24%, a low supply of nitrate nitrogen in a layer of 0 0.4 m, an average supply of mobile phosphorus and a high supply of exchangeable potassium in a layer of 0 0.2 m on control. Growing drought-resistant crops allows efficient use of atmospheric and soil moisture resources. The use of mineral fertilizers also contributes to its economical use per unit of crop, significantly reducing the value of the water consumption coefficient. The ratio of the legume and bluegrass components in the grass mixture to a certain extent depended on the conditions of mineral nutrition. With an increase in the level of phosphorus supply, there was a tendency to increase the share of legumes, the use of nitrogen mineral fertilizers increased the competitive ability of sugar sorghum. Optimization of the conditions of mineral nutrition provided up to 5.68 thousand feed units/ha and 28.29 t/ha of green mass at 3.10 thousand feed units/ha and 15.38 t/ha of green mass in the control variant. The collection of more than 0.5 ton of digestible protein and 60 GJ/ha of metabolic energy in the crop of a legume-sorghum mixture is a good contribution to the system of forage production in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Water-physical properties of chestnut soils depending on different tillage practices and irrigation regimes

The aim of the research was to study water-physical properties of chestnut soils under different tillage practices when cultivating corn (Povolzhsky 89 MV hybrid) under irrigated conditions in the Lower Volga region. Therefore, the following characteristics of the soil were studied - soil density, soil moisture, field capacity, maximal hygroscopic moisture, wilting point and porosity. The results revealed that after chisel loosening, a qualitative improvement of soil water-physical properties was observed in comparison with the control variant - moldboard plowing. To describe the dynamics of changes in soil density by layers and tillage variants, a regression of the 2nd order was proposed, and coefficients of the equation were calculated. In order to maintain the specified irrigation regime during the observation periods, 7 to 9 vegetative irrigations with application rate from 2250 to 2750 m3ha-1 were carried out in the variants with moldboard plowing, 7 to 8 irrigations with application rate from 2200 to 2600 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel loosening, and 6 to 7 irrigations with application rates from 2100 to 2500 m3ha-1 in the variants with chisel moldboard plowing. The yield of corn in the variant with chisel moldboard plowing averaged 8.75 tha-1 during the research period, which is 18 % higher than in the control variant. Moreover, the cost of irrigation water for producing one ton of grain decreased by almost 20 %, and the coefficient of water consumption decreased by 17 %.

Improved methods of cultivation of onions with the use of growth-stimulating preparations in the conditions of the Astrakhan region

For the first time in the North-West Caspian region (northern part of the Astrakhan region), a study was conducted on the cultivation of varieties and hybrids of onions of bulb domestic selection using growth stimulators against the background of mineral fertilizers with the isolation of the most promising for cultivation in an arid climate with a drip irrigation method.According to the results of the research work, a positive effect was achieved from the joint use of growth-stimulating drugs during the growing season and the background application of mineral fertilizers based on N180P60K60. The use of growth-stimulating drugs did not lead to the accumulation of nitrates in bulbs of varieties and hybrid. The most positive effect was achieved from the use of the new generation drug Novosil on the variety of onions Christina and the hybrid Bayram F1. So, for high-yielding samples, the water consumption coefficient was 60,8–63,8 m3/t. At the same time, the average mass of the bulb during the technical ripeness phase was in the range of 185,0–240,7 g.