Quality Of Water Bodies Research Articles

Socio-hydrogeological survey and assessment of organic pollutants to highlight and trace back pollution fluxes threatening a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem

Despite being a vector of pollution towards connected ecosystems, groundwater is often underestimated or not taken into account in management frameworks. To fill this gap, we propose to add socio-economic data to hydrogeological investigations to identify past and present pollution sources linked to human activities at watershed scale in order to forecast threats towards groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs). The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, by a cross-disciplinary approach, the added value of socio-hydrogeological investigations to tackle anthropogenic pollution fluxes towards a GDE and to contribute to more sustainable management of groundwater resources. A survey combining chemical compounds analysis, data compilation, land use analysis and field investigations with a questionnaire was carried out on the Biguglia lagoon plain (France). Results show a pollution with a two-fold source, both agricultural and domestic, in all water bodies of the plain. The pesticide analysis reveals the presence of 10 molecules, including domestic compounds, with concentrations exceeding European groundwater quality standards for individual pesticides, as well as pesticides already banned for twenty years. On the basis of both the field survey and the questionnaire, agricultural pollution has been identified as very local highlighting the storage capacity of the aquifer, whereas domestic pollution is diffuse over the plain and attributed to sewage network effluents and septic tanks. Domestic compounds present shorter residence time within the aquifer highlighting continuous inputs, related to consumption habits of the population. Under the Water Framework Directive (WFD), member states are required to preserve the good ecological status, quality and quantity of water bodies. However, for GDEs it is difficult to achieve the ‘good status’ required without considering the groundwater's pollutant storage capacity and pollution legacy. To help resolve this issue, socio-hydrogeology has proved to be an efficient tool as well as for implementing effective protection measures for Mediterranean GDEs.

Influence of financing water protection measures in the field of transport on water quality of water bodies

Transport is a major water consumer and source of environmental pollution, including water resources. In order to preserve and improve water quality in water bodies at industrial and transport enterprises, including railway enterprises, water protection measures entailing permanent signifi cant funding are required. The study is aimed to develop a methodology for determining dependence of water quality of the water body on the real financing of water protection measures; theoretical justifi cation of the choice of water quality of the water body from the quality of wastewater (WW) of water users, discharging them into the water body and amount of financing of water protection measures. The solution of the task of determining the best water quality in a water body under limited fi nancing of water protection measures and rational distribution of fi nancial resources between water users, including transport infrastructure objects, is proposed. Financing of water protection measures in Russia is less than abroad and has been decreasing over the last three decades. The limits for pollutant concentrations in pollutant discharges into water bodies and water disposal systems in Russia are often set very strict, sometimes more stringent than those for drinking water, which leads to unjustifi ed spending of investment costs. It is pointed out that at present in Russia market relations in the field of nature and, in particular, water use have not been formed. The basic diffi culties at realization of these relations in our country are designated. When using the proposed methodology, the rational quality of water resources of water users by limiting pollutants and the rational distribution of funds for water protection measures among water users within the limited amount of financing are determined. The extent to which water quality in a water body changes is also determined. The possibility of practical application of the proposed methodology is considered.

Multiple approach for assessing lagoon environmental status based on water bodies quality indices and microplastics accumulation

Lagoon environments, like all the marine-coastal areas, offer a wide variety of ecosystem services, but at the same time are affected by pressing human activities that lead to deterioration of the environmental quality, loss of biodiversity, habitat destruction and pollution. Since the well-being of population and local economy depend on the environmental status of these ecosystems, it is essential to adopt long-term management tools to achieve the Good Environmental Status sensu European Marine Strategy Framework Directive and Water Framework Directive. A Nature 2000 site (Lesina lagoon, south Italy) was assessed within a project aimed at protecting and restoring biodiversity and lagoon habitat through integrated monitoring, suitable management, and good practices. Here we provide an assessment of the lagoon integrity based on a multi-metrics approach, highlighting match/mismatch among environmental quality indicators and microplastics (MP) pollution. Some environmental quality indices based on ecosystem components as vegetation, macroinvertebrates and water trophic variables were applied together with an accurate evaluation of MPs abundance, distribution, and composition to assess the ecological status of Lesina lagoon before and after cleaning actions with litter removal. Overall, all the ecological descriptors outlined a clear lagoon spatial gradient, with a western saltier and organic-enriched area characterized by the absence of vegetation, macrozoobenthos with lower diversity and richness and high MPs occurrence. The focus on macrozoobenthos, considered as a key component of the lagoon ecosystem, identified much more sites in “poor” status than the other indicators here considered. Moreover, it was found a negative relationship between the Multivariate Marine Biotic Index and MPs items in sediment, suggesting that MP pollution has a negative impact on macrobenthic fauna, concurring to the deterioration of the benthic ecological status.

Water quality assessment for Northern Egyptian lakes (Bardawil, Manzala, and Burullus) using NSF-WQI Index

Egyptian Lakes are received different organic and inorganic pollutants from treated and untreated drainage effluent. Forty-five surface water samples from 15 locations were collected in June 2018 from Bardawil, Manzala, and Burullus lakes in northern Egypt. The collected samples measured nutrient salts (NH3, NO2, NO3, and PO4) and some metal ions (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn). Furthermore, several instruments are used for managing and organizing data on the total quality of water bodies with risk factors related to heavy metal pollution. This research aimed to apply the National Science Foundation’s WQI (NSF-WQI) and metal pollution index (MPI) to estimate water quality status and degree of pollution in three Northern Lakes in Egypt. The results indicated that Manzala Lake had the greatest concentration of nutritional salts (7.0, 3.8, 3.2 and 5.6 mg/L) for NH4, NO2, NO3 and PO4, respectively. Furthermore, the same order recorded for the mean levels of metal ions (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) were (1.69, 0.29, 3.58 and 20.38 μg/l). In contrast, Bardawil Lake had the lowest values. Trophic Status Index TSIs of Bardawil Lake revealed that it is eutrophic with mean values (69.73), whilst those of Manzala and Burullus Lakes revealed that they are hypertrophic with mean values (90.68–86.20). WQI of Bardawil Lake was assessed as a good rating (92.01) and Excellent by NSF-WQI (95.18) according to WHO. On the other hand, Manzala and Burullus Lakes were rated as very bad and unfit. Manzala Lake was deemed unsafe for human consumption because it tested higher on pollution indices (MI, PI and MPI > 1 are polluted with slightly affected than Bardawil and Burullus lakes. This was due to the enormous quantities of human, animal, and industrial wastes dumped into Manzala Lake.

Applying water environment capacity to assess the non-point source pollution risks in watersheds

Comprehension of the spatial and temporal characteristics of non-point source (NPS) pollution risk in watersheds is essential for NPS pollution research and scientific management. Although the concept of water functional zones (WFZ) has been considered in the NPS pollution risk assessment process. However, no comprehensive study of the NPS pollution risk has been conducted to effectively protect water quality in watersheds with different water environment capacity. Therefore, this study proposes a new NPS pollution risk assessment method that integrates water functional zoning, receiving water body environmental capacity, and space-time distribution of pollution load for quantifying the impact of pollution discharge from sub-catchment on nearby water body quality. Based on the NPS nutrient loss process modeled by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), this method was used to assess the NPS pollution risk in the Le 'an River Watershed at annual and monthly scales. The results showed that the NPS pollution risk is characterized by seasonal and spatial variability and is influenced clearly by the water environment capacity. High NPS pollution loads are not necessarily high pollution risks. Conversely, a low NPS nutrient pollution load does not represent a low regional risk sensitivity. In addition, NPS risk assessment based on the water environment capacity could also distinguish the differences in risk levels that were masked by similar NPS pollutant loss and the same water function zoning to achieve accurate control of NPS pollution management in watersheds.

Machine learning-guided determination of Acinetobacter density in waterbodies receiving municipal and hospital wastewater effluents

A smart artificial intelligent system (SAIS) for Acinetobacter density (AD) enumeration in waterbodies represents an invaluable strategy for avoidance of repetitive, laborious, and time-consuming routines associated with its determination. This study aimed to predict AD in waterbodies using machine learning (ML). AD and physicochemical variables (PVs) data from three rivers monitored via standard protocols in a year-long study were fitted to 18 ML algorithms. The models’ performance was assayed using regression metrics. The average pH, EC, TDS, salinity, temperature, TSS, TBS, DO, BOD, and AD was 7.76 ± 0.02, 218.66 ± 4.76 µS/cm, 110.53 ± 2.36 mg/L, 0.10 ± 0.00 PSU, 17.29 ± 0.21 °C, 80.17 ± 5.09 mg/L, 87.51 ± 5.41 NTU, 8.82 ± 0.04 mg/L, 4.00 ± 0.10 mg/L, and 3.19 ± 0.03 log CFU/100 mL respectively. While the contributions of PVs differed in values, AD predicted value by XGB [3.1792 (1.1040–4.5828)] and Cubist [3.1736 (1.1012–4.5300)] outshined other algorithms. Also, XGB (MSE = 0.0059, RMSE = 0.0770; R2 = 0.9912; MAD = 0.0440) and Cubist (MSE = 0.0117, RMSE = 0.1081, R2 = 0.9827; MAD = 0.0437) ranked first and second respectively, in predicting AD. Temperature was the most important feature in predicting AD and ranked first by 10/18 ML-algorithms accounting for 43.00–83.30% mean dropout RMSE loss after 1000 permutations. The two models' partial dependence and residual diagnostics sensitivity revealed their efficient AD prognosticating accuracies in waterbodies. In conclusion, a fully developed XGB/Cubist/XGB-Cubist ensemble/web SAIS app for AD monitoring in waterbodies could be deployed to shorten turnaround time in deciding microbiological quality of waterbodies for irrigation and other purposes.

Browning of boreal lakes: Do public perceptions and governance meet the biological foundations?

Browning of surface waters, also known as brownification, is a process of decreasing water transparency particularly in boreal lakes surrounded by intensively managed forests and wetlands. In this paper, we review the ecological consequences and ecosystem-based management of browning by using a systematic review approach and adopt an interdisciplinary approach to build new governance on this complex phenomenon. To understand the effect of browning on recreational values of freshwaters, we present primary survey data on public perceptions of recreational fishing tourists on water quality in Finland. We identify a need to develop ecosystem-based management beyond the EU's Water Framework Directive (WFD) to fully account for the extensive implications of browning. We also detect a need for a better understanding of the within-lake microbial processes to estimate the browning-associated changes in the greenhouse gas balance of lakes. Tourist perceptions of the quality of waterbodies in Finland were largely in agreement with the general proportion of waterbodies classified to a good or excellent ecological status class, but these perceptions may be detached from biological quality assessment criteria. Consequently, we suggest that the ecosystem-based management of inland waters should improve the utilization of information on not only biogeochemical processes but also users' perspectives on aquatic ecosystems beyond the EU WFD.

Climate change impacts on water quantity and quality of a watershed-lake system using a spatially integrated modeling framework in the Kissimmee River – Lake Okeechobee system

Study RegionLake Okeechobee and its drainage basins, the Northern Lake Okeechobee (NLO) watershed, have faced climate variability and changes. The frequencies and magnitudes of extreme weather events are projected to increase in the future, and the impact of climate change on hydrological changes in upstream watersheds would significantly affect the water quality of downstream waterbodies. A holistic, system-wide modeling approach is necessary for a watershed–lake system. Study FocusThis study evaluated the impacts of climate change on the water quantity and quality of the NLO watershed–Lake Okeechobee system using a spatially integrated modeling framework combining watershed loading and receiving waterbody models together. Future climate projections and water level operation scenarios were incorporated into the modeling to investigate how the watershed–lake system may react to projected climate changes and how management practices can mitigate the impacts. New Hydrological Insights for the RegionThe modeling results highlight that the water quality of the lake would be closely associated with the internal hydrodynamic process driven by wind and water level operation practices as well as external nutrient loads from the upstream drainage areas. Such findings indicate that the lake and watershed management requires implementation plans and practices to be uniquely customized to efficiently improve the lake’s water quality in the future depending on the types of issues: high nutrient loads, concentrations, and algal blooms.

Physiochemistry and Microbiological Quality of Surface Water Body around Port Terminals in Southern Nigeria

Anthropogenic activities around the sea ports are capable of causing changes on the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water bodies along the port terminals. Such activities can cause an ecological imbalance in the water quality /ecosystem resulting in extinction of aquatic resources. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of surface water along the busy port terminals. Surface water samples were collected from Onne port terminal using sterile containers. The samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons between January to June 2021. The sterile bottles were filled with surface water samples and transported in an ice packed container to the Department of Microbiology Laboratory of the Rivers State University for analyses using standard analytical methods. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and All pairs tukey-kramer. Results of the physicochemical parameters showed that temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, nitrate and heavy metals were significantly higher during the dry season than the wet season at P ≥ 0.05 levels of significance. Seasonal variation with respect to microbial counts shows that Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, Total Heterotrophic Fungi, Total coliforms and Faecal coliforms had a mean value of 3.9±1.77 x 106; 0.8 ±0.05 x 104 ; 7.4 ±1.3 x 104 and 3.6 ±0.17 x 104 colony forming unit per millilitre respectively for wet season while the dry season had 1.6±0.77 x 106 , 0.5 ±0.01 x 104 , 4.6 ±0.17 x 104 and 2.7 ±1.03 x 104 cfu/ml respectively. In this study, the predominant bacterial isolates belonged to the genera of Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Bacillus, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Salmonella, Proteus, Bacillus and Escherichia. coli. The results of physicochemical and microbiological characteristics including the heavy metals, were detected at concentrations on or below detection limits.. It is therefore suggested that relevant environmental regulatory bodies should maintain regular check to ensure that appropriate standards are maintained around seaports due to beehive of activities.

Key factors influencing sensory quality of scenic waters and its improvement by constructed wetlands

Sensory quality is very important for scenic waters. It's necessary to find out the key factors influencing sensory quality of scenic waters and then take corresponding measures to improve it. In this study, transparency, turbidity and surface chroma were chosen as the main sensory quality indexes whose key influencing factors were analyzed by structural equation model (SEM). The results indicated that water's transparency, turbidity and surface chroma were all mainly influenced by suspended solid (SS). Meanwhile, transparency was also influenced by Chlorophyll a (Chl a), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), particle size and nutrients. Turbidity was influenced by Chl a and particle size as well. To verify this result and improve water's sensory quality, three constructed wetlands (CWs) were set up and operated. CWs could effectively improve the sensory quality of water bodies. When hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 2 days, the water’ transparency increased from 18.00 ± 2.83 cm to about 100 cm, the removal rate of turbidity was 56.26% ∼ 97.11%, and the average removal rate of surface chroma of the three CWs was 72.56%, 70.31% and 63.36%, respectively. To get a better improvement effect, planting and extending HRT were feasible measures. The mechanism analysis showed that removing SS, especially large particles in water was the main reason for improving sensory quality by CWs, followed by removing Chl a. The operational results of CWs proved that SS was certainly the key influencing factor of water's sensory quality.

Investigation of Impact of Phosphate Fertilizer Applied to Paddy Fields on Water Quality of Nearby Reservoirs

Phosphorous (P) is an essential element to plant growth and development necessitating P fertilizer applications for agricultural crops for better yields. Paddy, the main food crop of Sri Lankans is a fertilizer intensive crop where phosphorus nutrition is achieved via triple super phosphate applications. Since water circulating system of paddy fields are connected to other water bodies this soluble P can contaminate the nearby waterbodies. To detect the extent of P fertilizer leaching from paddy fields, a lysimeter experiment was carried out in the Low Country Intermediate zone, Sri Lanka for four consecutive growing seasons from 2015 to 2016. Paddy fields under two management practices; control run-off and continual run-off conditions were selected for the study. The farmers practice the Department of Agriculture recommended fertilizer application schedules. Lysimeters were placed in a Randomized Complete Block Design with triplicates at upper and lower ends of the gradient of the each site. Water samples were collected below the root zone, at a depth of 30 cm, irrigated, run-off, nearby water reservoirs and analyzed for water soluble of phosphate. The highest concentration of total phosphate in leached water (0.88 mg/L) did not exceed the drinking water standard threshold level of 2 mg/L of Phosphate. The quantified leached total Phosphate amount for controlled run-off condition and continual run-off condition were 0.49 ± 0.10 kg/ha and 0.46 ± 0.04 kg/ha, respectively without statistically significant differences. It represented 2% of the applied P fertilizer content of both sites. This indicates that paddy cultivation under both the conditions does not pose a threat to water quality of the nearby water bodies if the farmers adhere closely to the Department of Agriculture recommended fertilizer schedules.

Challenges of spatially extrapolating aquatic pesticide pollution for policy evaluation

Aquatic pesticide pollution is an important issue worldwide. Countries rely on monitoring programs to observe water bodies quality and on models to evaluate pesticide risks for entire stream networks. Measurements are typically sparse and discontinuous which lead to issues in quantifying pesticide transport at the catchment scale. Therefore, it is essential to assess the performance of extrapolation approaches and provide guidance on how to extend monitoring programs to improve predictions. Here we present a feasibility study to predict pesticide levels in a spatially explicit manner in the Swiss stream network based on the national monitoring program quantifying organic micropollutants at 33 sites and spatially distributed explanatory variables. Firstly, we focused on a limited set of herbicides used on corn crops. We observed a significant relationship between herbicide concentrations and the areal fraction of hydrologically connected cornfields. Neglecting connectivity revealed no influence of areal corn coverage on the herbicide levels. Considering chemical properties of the compounds slightly improved the correlation. Secondly, we analysed a set of 18 pesticides widely used on different crops and monitored across the country. In this case, the areal fractions of arable or crop lands showed significant correlations with average pesticide concentrations. Similar results were found with average annual discharge or precipitation if two outlier sites were neglected. The correlations found in this paper explained only about 30 % of the observed variance leaving most of the variability unexplained. Accordingly, extrapolating the results from the existing monitoring sites to the Swiss river network comes with substantial uncertainty. Our study highlights possible reasons for weak matches, such as missing pesticide application data, limited set of compounds in the monitoring program, or a limited understanding of factors differentiating the loss rates from different catchments. Improving the data on pesticide applications will be essential to progress in this regard.

Вплив антропогенного навантаження на екологічний стан поверхневих вод в агроландшафтах західного регіону України

Goal. To analyze the state of open water bodies in the Western region of Ukraine and to identify factors that worsen their quality indicators. Methods. Route agroecological monitoring; methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometry, and mathematical and statistical analysis. Results. In pond water samples taken in the village Pavlov of the Chervonograd district of the Lviv oblast, an excess of the maximum permissible concentration of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen was found — 11.8–13.2 and 4.6 mg/l, respectively. The content of manganese compounds here exceeded the normative indicators by 5–10 times. On the territory of home ownership in Zakarpattia region (vil. Sokyrnytsia, Khust district) the content of ammonium nitrogen in pond water samples exceeded the norm by 1.8 times, the content of copper by 20 times, and zinc by twice. Analysis of water from a pond located in the vil. Popeliv of the Ivano-Frankivsk district of the Ivano-Frankivsk oblast showed an excess of the norm according to the indicator of dry residue — 2120 mg/l. In water samples taken from the Prut River (vil. Sadzhavka, Nadvirniansk district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast), the excess of normative indicators only for the iron content was 0.13 mg/l. In the water from the Sluch River (vil. Samchyky, Khmelnytskyi district, Khmelnytskyi oblast), the pH was 8.6, the phosphorus content exceeded the norm by almost two times, and copper by 10 times. In the water from the Dniester River near the vil. Nyzhniv of Ivano-Frankivsk district, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast the content of sulfates and manganese was 156.8 and 0.03 mg/l, respectively. In water samples taken from the Rika River (Khust district, Zakarpatska oblast) the iron content was 11.3 times higher than normal, and manganese was 5 times higher than normal. Conclusions. The results of the monitoring of water bodies in the specified regions proved that both natural and anthropogenic factors affect the water quality of open water bodies. The quality of pond water is largely influenced by anthropogenic factors related to the economic activities of people, and it is they that cause the accumulation of excessive amounts of nitrogen, ammonium, copper, and zinc compounds. The quality of water samples taken from the Prut, Stara, and Rika rivers was mostly determined by natural conditions. Pollution of the Sluch River with phosphorus and copper and the Dniester River with sulfates can be caused by the inflow of sewage with detergents, as well as animal waste, fertilizers, and pesticides from residential areas.

Application of multivariate statistical methods to enhance the water quality monitoring system of Kashmir Valley with special emphasis on side-stream pollution

Abstract Surface waterbodies, on which the growing population of Kashmir Valley is reliant in a variety of ways, are increasingly deteriorated due to anthropogenic pollution from rapid economic development. This research aims to assess the quality of the surface waterbodies in the north-eastern region of Kashmir Valley. Standard analytical procedures were used to analyze the water samples taken from 11 distinct sampling stations for 14 physicochemical parameters. The results were compared with the standard permissible levels which showed that the water quality of rivers and lakes in the north-east Himalayan region has steadily declined. Furthermore, multivariate statistical techniques were used with the goal of identifying key variables that influence seasonal and sectional water quality variations. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis revealed that there is substantial spatio-temporal variability in the water quality parameters. According to principal component analysis (PCA) results, four primary components, which together accounted for 79.23% of the total variance, could be used to evaluate all data. Chemical, organic, and conventional pollutants were found to be significant latent factors influencing the water quality of rivers in the study region. The results indicate that PCA and ANOVA may be used as vital tools to identify crucial surface water quality indices and the most contaminated river sections.

Urban environment quality assessment and its ecological factors

The article analyses the international and domestic experience of integrated approach and the process of indicators system formation for the urban environment quality assessment. The analysis of the presented indexes and indicators systems of the urban development quality showed that the ecological factors and the quality of urban environment occupy a significant place among the main components of the assessment. It is noted that during the last decade in the Russian Federation there was significantly increased an interest for the development of various indicators and mechanisms for a comprehensive assessment of the situation for solving economic, social and environmental problems in regions and cities. One of the generally accepted approach creation process results was the approval of the Methodology for the formation of the Urban Environment Quality Index. The possibilities of taking into account such ecological factors like the atmospheric air pollution, water bodies quality, the elimination of accumulated environmental damage results and a noise level were analysed in the Urban Environment Quality Index. It is concluded that at the first stage of expanding and optimizing the criteria system for calculating the Urban Environment Quality Index, it is necessary to consider the possibility of applying criteria reflecting the results of federal projects to resolve environmental problems of cities for the development of the urban environment and improving its quality.

The Integrated Approach to Regulating the Water Quality of Low Flow Water Bodies (the Balandinsky Pond of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant is an Example)

The Integrated Approach to Regulating the Water Quality of Low Flow Water Bodies (the Balandinsky Pond of the Chelyabinsk Metallurgical Plant is an Example)

Water quality image classification for aquaculture using deep transfer learning

With the development of high-density and intensive aquaculture production and the increasing frequency of water quality changes in aquaculture water bodies, the number of pollution sources in aquaculture ponds is also increasing. As the water quality of aquaculture ponds is a crucial factor affecting the production and quality of pond aquaculture products, water quality assessment and management are more important than in the past. Water quality analysis is a crucial way to evaluate the water quality of fish farming water bodies. Traditional water quality analysis is usually obtained by practitioners through experience and visual observation. There is an observability deviation caused by subjectivity. Deep transfer learning-based water quality monitoring system is easier to deploy and can avoid unnecessary duplication of efforts to save costs for aquaculture industry. This paper uses the transfer learning model of artificial intelligence to analyze the water color image automatically. 5203 water quality images are collected to create a water quality image dataset, which contains five classes based on water color. Based on the dataset, a deep transfer learning-based classification model is proposed to identify water quality images. The experimental results show that the deep learning model based on transfer learning achieves 99% accuracy and has excellent performance.

Hygienic aspects of water use of the population of the territory in the zone of influence of the Vostochny Cosmodrome

There are presented the results of a hygienic assessment of the water quality of surface water bodies, the catchment basins of which are localized within the territory of the zone of direct influence of the objects of the Vostochny cosmodrome and the quality of drinking water from the distributing water supply network of the centralized water supply of ZATO Tsiolkovsky. Was carried out the analysis of the data of the regional system of socio-hygienic monitoring, including at the pre-operational and initial stages of operation of the Vostochny cosmodrome. The results obtained indicate that there are no excesses in priority pollutants in the water of surface water bodies (UDMH, NDMA, TMT, formaldehyde, oil products). Heavy metals were determined in concentrations significantly lower than the maximum allowable concentration for surface water bodies for cultural and domestic water use. The results of laboratory studies of drinking water in terms of organoleptic indicators corresponded to hygienic standards, with the exception of water at one monitoring point, where color and turbidity indicators increased by 1.8 and 4.8 times were recorded. Studies on the content of metals showed their presence in water at concentrations significantly lower than the hygienic standards approved for drinking water, with the exception of iron and manganese at two monitoring points, which may be due to natural regional factors.

Hydroinformatics tools used to quantify the impact of urban expansion on water bodies, in the context of the intensification of extreme phenomena (Bacău urbanization case study)

The present study presents the results of the use of hydraulic and hydrological modeling in order to maintain the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the groundwater Capture Front Gherăeşti, Bacau County. With the help of specialized hydro-computer programs such as: Visual MODFLOW for groundwater dynamics, and Mike 11 for hydraulic modeling, the impact of urban development projects on surface and groundwater bodies can be simulated and anticipated. The results obtained are used in the Project to assess the impact of the project on water bodies (SEICA). SEICA contributes significantly to maintaining the quality of water bodies by making reasoned decisions that ensure the sustainability of urban development projects.

Pressões humanas degradam a condição ecológica do Alto Ribeirão Graipu

ABSTRACT Environmental degradation from human pressures includes the conversion of native vegetation cover into pastures and cropland, as well as riparian deforestation, leading to river siltation, biotic homogenization, and loss of ecosystem services. The objective of our study was to evaluate water quality and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage structure in response to changes in land use at local and buffer spatial extents. We assumed that human disturbances negatively affect water quality and macroinvertebrate assemblage condition. Greater human influence was observed at the local extent (Local Disturbance Index – LDI) than at the buffer (Buffer Disturbance Index – BDI) extent. Likewise, biological metric responses were stronger relative to the LDI than to the BDI or to the Integrated Disturbance Index (IDI). These results support establishing a biomonitoring program for assessing water body quality in the Doce River basin to facilitate conserving aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services in the upper Graipu River.