Waste Sources Research Articles

THE EFFECTS OF MICROPLASTIC AND NANO PLASTIC PARTICLES ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE HUMAN BODY

Introduction: Plastic materials represent one of the main sources of waste, affecting the environment with repercussions on the human body. Until recently, this topic has not been so addressed, possibly because of many incompletely known things, but also because of the large industries that inevitably use plastic materials and want to promote and develop their businesses to their maximum potential. The following material presents the harmful effects plastic components can have on human health, which is an alarm signal for public health. The main objective of this study is to highlight the effects of Mps and Np on human health. In carrying out our study we relied on qualitative research, while relying on a comprehensive review of existing literature and critical comparative analysis, accessing data from Science Direct, Google Scholar, journal articles, government reports, and publications of international environmental organizations, giving priority to studies published in recent years. Results: Mps affects the reproductive system, increase the risk of vascular diseases, and last but not least these particles affect the skin, changing its normal functions. The impact that Mps and Np have on public health and also on the environment must be taken into account because these tiny particles affect all environmental factors: water, air, soil, and biodiversity. Keywords: microplastic, nano plastic, environment, human health, risk;

Micro Small Medium Enterprises Intention to Implement Circular Economy in Solo, Indonesia

Indonesia’s waste problem leads to severe effect such as economic, environment and social consequences in Indonesia as second largest contributor of waste In the world. Part of the waste source in Indonesia is from micro small medium enterprise sector. One of the solution to support sustainable development goals is by implementing circular economy to combat waste. This phenomenon then can be further analysed with variables related to perception and behavior of human. This study investigates determinants of MSME's participation intention and behavior to implement circular economy for their waste in a framework that incorporates Extended theory of planned behavior (TPB). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) then was used to analyse all the variables correlation, The results of this study are that there are 5 significant correlations between variables, namely Descriptive Norm and Attitude have a significant and negative effect on Intention to Use. This study also found that the factors Perceived Behavioral Control, Individual concern and perceived economic use had a positive and significant effect. In addition, other findings are that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Effectiveness and perceived environmental knowledge do not have a significant effect on Intention to Use.

Making Detergents from Organic Waste Products

The development of the food processing industry from agricultural products is always accompanied by environmental pollution because of the disposal of organic waste products. Therefore, utilizing organic waste products to create useful products is important both economically and in terms of environmental protection. This study presents some ways to utilize organic waste to create useful products. Agricultural waste sources such as lemon peels, grapefruit peels, and orange peels, etc. can be considered important raw materials for making detergents or natural soaps, or can also be extracted to obtain compounds and useful organic substances

Utilization of Household Organic Waste to Liquid Organic Fertilizer with the Stacked Bucket Method

Abstract. Garbage is now one of the biggest problems in Indonesia. The amount of waste is increasing day by day. One source of organic waste is domestic or household waste. For this reason, it is necessary to handle organic waste by cutting the distribution channel of waste to landfills, namely handling organic waste at the household level. Based on household waste problems, community service is needed by conducting FGDs to know the types of waste generated at the household level and how to manage it, provide knowledge about waste management, especially household organic waste, and transfer technology for processing organic waste into liquid organic fertilizer with the stacked bucket method. The waste analysis results come from households; most waste is in the form of food waste (67.18%). The transfer of organic waste processing technology using the stacked bucket method can produce maggot, liquid organic fertilizer, and solid fertilizer. Knowledge of the target community about waste management and liquid organic fertilizer production before participating in socialization and training, the level of knowledge attainment based on pre-test results was 68.4%. After socialization and training, the results of the post-test were 94.6%.

First Generation Hazardous Waste Inventory for Developing A Master Plan for Hazardous Waste Management in Myanmar

Hazardous Waste Management (HWM) is an emerging priority in Myanmar, with the Environmental Conservation Department (ECD) under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) acting as the nodal authority. Before the initiation of the HWM project in 2015, funded by the Norwegian government, Myanmar lacked essential regulations and statistical data concerning hazardous waste. The country formally ratified the Basel Convention in January 2015, mandating environmentally sound disposal of hazardous waste by its signatories. Crucial for effective waste management, hazardous waste generation information is fundamental for planning, implementation, and monitoring. Initial development stages involve the creation of first-generation inventories, which identify priority waste streams, sources, risks, and key stakeholders through basic calculations and management practice reviews. Myanmar's first-generation hazardous waste inventory, conducted from June 2016 to 2018, estimated that in 2017, approximately 280,600 tonnes/year of hazardous waste were generated, with projections foreseeing a 2.4-fold increase by 2030. Challenges in private industries, where waste streams, including hazardous waste, are often uncontrolled, led to underestimation of quantities. Data collection, however, employed cross-verification, site visits, and extensive consultations with the technical task force to enhance accuracy. This paper presents the purpose, methodology, major findings, and challenges faced during the formulation of Myanmar's first-generation hazardous waste inventory.

Biochar from different waste sources as alternative substrates for lettuce and tomato seedling production

The biochar applied to the soil create complex interactions that impact the plant development and soil quality. The search for alternatives to decrease the use of substrates of limited use has been a challenge for science and agricultural producers. The use of biochar from different waste sources and the relationship between seed germination and plant parameters show potential; however, there is need for a better understanding of these factors. Although the potential benefits of biochar, such as improved plant growth and seed germination rates, have been demonstrated, there is still a need for a deeper understanding of the factors influencing these effects. Here, we investigated the use of biochar from different sources as alternative substrate in the production of lettuce and tomato seedlings. To test this hypothesis, seed germination, plant growth, and soil parameters were assessed using two biochar sources (poultry litter-PL, and viticulture waste-VW) at different doses [1% (1), 2.5% (2.5), and 5% (5)]. Our study shows that both biochar sources, mainly PL, promoted the germination and initial development of lettuce plants, similar to commercial substrate; however, they showed no effects on tomato. Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that the commercial substrate and PL1 are correlated with most vectors of lettuce plant parameters. In contrast, the commercial substrate and PL5 are in the same quadrant and clustered along with most vectors of tomato plant parameters, proving to be the most efficient for initial plant development. Overall, our findings expand the knowledge on waste reuse transformed into biochar as an effective alternative component of substrate for the production of lettuce seedlings, mainly biochar from PL.

Intelligent Waste-Volume Management Method in the Smart City Concept

This research paper proposes an innovative approach to urban waste management using intelligent methods of classification, clustering, and forecasting. The application of this approach allows for more efficient waste management and contributes to the sustainable development of the urban environment. The aim of this research is to develop an intelligent method for urban waste management, which includes clustering of waste sources, accurate forecasting of waste volumes, and evaluation of forecast results. To achieve this goal, a real dataset with city characteristics and waste data was used. On account of the war in Ukraine, the authors faced the problem of obtaining open data on waste in Ukraine, so it was decided to use data from another city (Singapore). The results show the high efficiency of the developed method. Comparison of the obtained results with the results of the nearest similar works shows that the main feature of this study is the high accuracy of waste-volume forecasting using the XGBoost model, which reached a level of up to 98%.

Pengelolaan Limbah Organik Kantin Menjadi Eco Enzyme Subtitusi Cairan Pembersih di PT. XX

The largest source of waste is generated from households at 38.3%. One of the methods of recycling organic waste by recycling is by fermentation, for example by producing eco-enzyme which is a solution of complex organic substances produced from the fermentation process of a mixture of organic waste, molasses and water. In this research, the purpose of using eco-enzyme is as a cleaning fluid for both sinks and crusty floors with the aim of seeing the effectiveness of eco-enzyme work with the aim of being a substitute for cleaning fluids sold on the market and including measuring the savings that can be made from this substitution in PT. XX, using experimental research methods. The results of research and observations show that eco-enzyme cleaning fluid is able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria as evidenced by a decrease in the number of bacteria (without eco-enzyme: 4.25 × 102 CFU/cm2; with eco-enzyme: 3.7 × 101 CFU/cm2) through swab tests and laboratory tests. Visual observations show significant results in making crusty floors clean. The savings that occur during 1 month by using eco-enzyme cleaning fluids as substitutes for cleaners sold in the market are IDR. 938,500/month.

Increasing Value and Reducing Waste of Research on Neurofeedback Effects in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Art-Review.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is often considered challenging to treat due to factors that contribute to its complexity. In the last decade, more attention has been paid to non-pharmacological or non-psychological therapies for PTSD, including neurofeedback (NFB). NFB is a promising non-invasive technique targeting specific brainwave patterns associated with psychiatric symptomatology. By learning to regulate brain activity in a closed-loop paradigm, individuals can improve their functionality while reducing symptom severity. However, owing to its lax regulation and heterogeneous legal status across different countries, the degree to which it has scientific support as a psychiatric treatment remains controversial. In this state-of-the-art review, we searched PubMed, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE and identified meta-analyses and systematic reviews exploring the efficacy of NFB for PTSD. We included seven systematic reviews, out of which three included meta-analyses (32 studies and 669 participants) that targeted NFB as an intervention while addressing a single condition-PTSD. We used the MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 and the criteria described by Cristea and Naudet (Behav Res Therapy 123:103479, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103479 ) to identify sources of research waste and increasing value in biomedical research. The seven assessed reviews had an overall extremely poor quality score (5 critically low, one low, one moderate, and none high) and multiple sources of waste while opening opportunities for increasing value in the NFB literature. Our research shows that it remains unclear whether NFB training is significantly beneficial in treating PTSD. The quality of the investigated literature is low and maintains a persistent uncertainty over numerous points, which are highly important for deciding whether an intervention has clinical efficacy. Just as importantly, none of the reviews we appraised explored the statistical power, referred to open data of the included studies, or adjusted their pooled effect sizes for publication bias and risk of bias. Based on the obtained results, we identified some recurrent sources of waste (such as a lack of research decisions based on sound questions or using an appropriate methodology in a fully transparent, unbiased, and useable manner) and proposed some directions for increasing value (homogeneity and consensus) in designing and reporting research on NFB interventions in PTSD.

Scalable and Consolidated Microbial Platform for Rare Earth Element Leaching and Recovery from Waste Sources.

Chemical methods for the extraction and refinement of technologically critical rare earth elements (REEs) are energy-intensive, hazardous, and environmentally destructive. Current biobased extraction systems rely on extremophilic organisms and generate many of the same detrimental effects as chemical methodologies. The mesophilic methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 was previously shown to grow using electronic waste by naturally acquiring REEs to power methanol metabolism. Here we show that growth using electronic waste as a sole REE source is scalable up to 10 L with consistent metal yields without the use of harsh acids or high temperatures. The addition of organic acids increases REE leaching in a nonspecific manner. REE-specific bioleaching can be engineered through the overproduction of REE-binding ligands (called lanthanophores) and pyrroloquinoline quinone. REE bioaccumulation increases with the leachate concentration and is highly specific. REEs are stored intracellularly in polyphosphate granules, and genetic engineering to eliminate exopolyphosphatase activity increases metal accumulation, confirming the link between phosphate metabolism and biological REE use. Finally, we report the innate ability of M. extorquens to grow using other complex REE sources, including pulverized smartphones, demonstrating the flexibility and potential for use as a recovery platform for these critical metals.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair Dan Kompos Berbahan Dasar Sampah Organik Pasar Pada Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga Di Desa Sungai Kakap Kabupaten Kubu Raya Kalimantan Barat

Activities carried out by housewives in Sungai Kakap village include cultivating their yards by planting horticultural plants (vegetables and fruit). The obstacle in increasing the yield of garden plants is the high cost of non-organic fertilizers. However, until now the people in the village do not know the source of organic waste that can be used as fertilizer, namely plant-based organic waste that comes from the market. This training aims to provide knowledge and skills to housewives regarding organic fertilizer and increase the knowledge and skills of housewives in making organic fertilizer from plant-based market waste. The service program is carried out by conveying the theory of organic fertilizer and the practice of making compost and liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from market organic waste made from fruit and vegetables. Evaluation of community service activities is carried out using a questionnaire method given at the beginning and end of the activity. The results of the questionnaire showed an increase in the knowledge of housewives in Sungai Kakap Village about organic fertilizer (100%), an increase in interest in applying organic fertilizer (97%), and an increase in interest in making their own organic fertilizer (80%).

Indonesia's Policy in Addressing Marine Debris

Marine debris is a serious global environmental problem that affects the sustainability of marine ecosystems and human health. This research aims to analyze the threats posed by marine debris, such as its impact on marine life, ecosystems, and economies, as well as discuss Indonesia's policies in addressing the issue. The study aims to analyze the threats of marine debris to marine life, ecosystems, and economies, and identify the main sources of plastic waste in the ocean. This research utilizes secondary data analysis and literature review as research methods. The results show that marine debris has significant impacts on marine organisms and economic sectors. Indonesia's policies include improved waste management and increased public awareness. This research provides insights and recommendations for maintaining the sustainability of Indonesia's marine environment. In conclusion, this research highlights the importance of comprehensive policies and coordinated actions in addressing the issue of marine debris. Prevention efforts, proper waste management, and public awareness of the importance of maintaining the cleanliness of the ocean are key factors in reducing the negative impacts of marine debris. This research is expected to provide insights and recommendations for the government and other stakeholders in their efforts to preserve the sustainability of Indonesia's marine environment.

Upaya Meningkatkan Literasi Dan Numerasi Di Era Digital Pada Siswa Smk Dharma Bhakti Surabaya Melalui Program Kampus Mengajar Angkatan 6

As the times evolve and consumption rates increase, waste management has become one of the primary challenges faced by communities, particularly in the Rw 02 Gunungsari Surabaya area. In an effort to address the negative impacts of production and waste disposal, the city government, especially the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Surabaya, has initiated the MBKM KZW ( Zero Waste Village ) as an innovative and sustainable solution. Zero Waste is not just a slogan, it is a lifestyle that teaches us to change consumption paradigms and appreciate natural resource. One of the main pillars of the Zero Waste movement is waste reduction. This involves awareness of the sources of waste around us and concrete steps to minimize it. From reducing the use of single-use plastics to choosing products with eco-friendly packaging, every small action has positive impact on the environment. The key to the success of the KZW program is collaboration and active involvement of various stakeholders. This is includes the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Surabaya, the community of Rw 02 Gunungsari Surabaya, and students from the Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, working together to reduce waste. Innovation in waste management needs to be encouraged. Adopting a Zero Waste lifestyle is not an easy task, but with awareness, education, and sustainable actions, we can collectively create positive change towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. Zero Waste is not just about minimizing waste, it is also about maximizing our potential to live in harmony with nature.

PKM Inisiasi Industri Mikro Pengolahan Plastik Limbah Kemasan Makanan dan Minuman - Desa Wringinsongo, Kec-Tumpang, Malang

Mitra Pengabdian Masyarakat is a waste bank that manages various waste generated by households. One of the dominant types of waste is plastic waste of beverage and food packaging, which are types 1 and 5. This waste has high economic value if processed into displays, as raw material for recycled products. Around the village there are a number of sources of plastic waste. Thus, this waste bank has the potential to become a micro industry for displaying plastic waste, food and beverage packaging. The purpose of this PkM is to initiate waste banks into plastic production units for the plastic recycling industry.The method carried out is to improve the ability of waste tire managers to become production system managers. For this reason, training on production system management was given to waste bank managers. Then training on the operation and maintenance of plastic chopper machines is given. After that, assistance is carried out so that they can run the production system. As a result, they already understand the management of the plastic display production system for food and beverage packaging waste. In addition, it can also produce products according to consumer needs. This production unit can only run next year, because it requires an injection of capital to be obtained from the 2024 village budget allocation.

Agricultural wastes: a new promising source for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase as anticancer agent.

The present study aims to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) extracted from agricultural waste and its potential use as an anticancer agent in comparison to microbial PAL. We extracted and partially purified PAL from agricultural waste sources. We assessed the temperature and pH range of PAL and determined enzyme kinetics parameters including Michaelis constants (Km), maximum velocity (Vmax), and specificity constant values (Vmax/Km). Additionally, we examined the effects of different storage temperatures on PAL activity. In our analysis, we compared the efficacy of agricultural waste-derived PAL with PAL from Rhodotorula glutinis. The results demonstrated that PAL extracted from agricultural waste exhibited significantly higher specific activity (Vmax/Km) compared to its microbial counterpart. The agricultural waste-derived PAL displayed a stronger affinity for phenylalanine, as indicated by a lower Km value than the microbial PAL did. Furthermore, PAL from agricultural waste maintained activity across a broader temperature and pH range (15-75°C, pH 5-11), in contrast to microbial PAL (20-60°C, pH 5.5-10). Importantly, the PAL derived from agricultural waste exhibited superior stability, retaining over 90% of its activity after 6months of storage at room temperature (25°C), whereas microbial PAL lost more than 70% of its activity under similar storage conditions. In anticancer experiments against various cancer cell lines, agricultural waste-derived PAL demonstrated greater anticancer activity compared to microbial PAL. These findings suggest that PAL sourced from agricultural waste has the potential to be a safe and effective natural anticancer agent.

Features of the pyrolysis process of waste batteries using carbon black as an additive in the construction industry

The paper discusses the technology for recycling used lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, one of the important components in the technology for processing such waste is the recycling of anode material with the extraction of graphite or carbon black, which can be used in the production of fire bricks. It has been shown that materials and compounds contained in lithium-ion batteries are sources of hazardous waste of the second hazard class. At the same time spent accumulators are a source of valuable secondary material resources and contain in their composition up to 16 % wt. % of graphite.The paper proposes to consider the process of processing anode materials of lithium-ion batteries in order to obtain graphite and carbon black from them by pyrolysis. Experimental studies were carried out on the process of decomposition of cathode and anode materials of lithium-ion batteries separately, as well as their mixture by pyrolysis. When studying the kinetics and mechanism of pyrolysis of carbon-containing materials, thermogravimetric analysis of the following materials was carried out: 1) powdered graphite grade GAK-2 (GOST 10273-79); 2) graphite released from the anode during manual disassembly of the LKIT; 3) mechanically activated powders containing cathode material LiNiMnCoO2. The characteristics of the pyrolysis process were assessed using thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analyses. Pyrolysis characteristics demonstrate that organic substances contained in batteries can decompose at a pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C for cathode materials and 450 °C for anode materials. This subsequently leads to higher efficiency in the extraction of valuable components with shorter grinding times. It has been shown that the decomposition of a mixture of lithium-ion battery materials removes a larger amount of organic components than the pyrolysis of anode and cathode materials separately. In this case, the rate of decomposition of the mixture of materials occurs more slowly. The activation energy values for lithium-ion battery materials after the pyrolysis stage were determined. The content of components in powder obtained after the pyrolysis stage was determined using the method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma.

Preparation and assessment of ionic liquid and few-layered graphene composites to enhance heat and mass transfer in adsorption cooling and desalination systems

Adsorption systems can utilise low-temperature renewable and waste heat sources, which have emerged as a feasible alternative to conventional water desalination and cooling systems. However, the material of poor heat and mass transfer performance stall their widespread utilisation. This article presents the development and investigation of new composites employing few-layered graphene platelets and ionic liquids, namely ethyl-methylimidazolium methane sulfonate ([EMIM][CH3SO3]) and Ethyl-methylimidazolium-chloride ([EMIM][Cl]) to address such challenges. The impact of the few-layered graphene platelets, thermal properties, water adsorption properties of the developed composites and their thermal diffusivity were experimentally investigated. Besides, the overall cyclic performance was studied experimentally at the material level and computationally at the component level by employing a previously validated 2D dynamic heat and mass transfer model. The experimental investigation indicated that pristine few-layered graphene has a surface area of 56.8978 m2/g and a relatively high thermal diffusivity of 22.23 mm2/s. The developed composites showed higher thermal diffusivity than the baseline adsorbent silica gel. The highest thermal diffusivity was 11.84 mm2/s for GP-CH3SO3-10, 394 times higher than silica gel. Water adsorption characteristics of the composites were carried out, and the Dubinin–Astakhov (D-A) model was employed to model the experimental isotherms with good accuracy. The cumulative advanced adsorption and thermal characteristics of the developed composites resulted in higher cyclic performance by up to 82 % and 85 % than that of the baseline silica gel.

Information System for Monitoring Waste Tonnage and Fleet Assignment at the Medan City Sanitary and Park Agency

The Medan City Sanitary and Parks Department has the responsibility of carrying out the waste transportation process from the source of waste to the location of the Sanitary Landfill. Every day, the waste transportation vehicle receives a Road Order Letter from the sub-agency located in the sub-district, which contains information on waste transportation information. After the transportation is complete, the letter is submitted to the landfill scale department for tonnage and origin data collection. However, at present, all waste transportation data collection activities are carried out manually, including the provision of assignment letters and data collection of waste tonnage and fleet routes at the landfill. This results in ineffectiveness in the data collection operations. This encourages researchers to design a monitoring and fleet assignment information system at the Medan City Sanitary and Parks Service. Data collection is done by observation and interviews. The system development model in this system uses SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) Waterfall and uses UML (Unified Modeling Language) as a method of describing the flow of the system by applying the Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram and Sequence Diagram models. The system is designed to run on a website system and is built using the PHP programming language with MySQL as a database. With this system, it is hoped that it can help in facilitating fleet assignments and monitoring the amount of waste entering the Sanitary Landfill .

Pengolahan Pupuk Kompos Sampah Organik Yang Inovatif Dengan Metode Tongkura Menggunakan Limbah Bekas Melalui Program Kzw (Kampung Zero Waste) Di Rw 02 Gunungsari Surabaya

As the times evolve and consumption rates increase, waste management has become one of the primary challenges faced by communities, particularly in the Rw 02 Gunungsari Surabaya area. In an effort to address the negative impacts of production and waste disposal, the city government, especially the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Surabaya, has initiated the MBKM KZW ( Zero Waste Village ) as an innovative and sustainable solution. Zero Waste is not just a slogan, it is a lifestyle that teaches us to change consumption paradigms and appreciate natural resource. One of the main pillars of the Zero Waste movement is waste reduction. This involves awareness of the sources of waste around us and concrete steps to minimize it. From reducing the use of single-use plastics to choosing products with eco-friendly packaging, every small action has positive impact on the environment. The key to the success of the KZW program is collaboration and active involvement of various stakeholders. This is includes the Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Surabaya, the community of Rw 02 Gunungsari Surabaya, and students from the Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, working together to reduce waste. Innovation in waste management needs to be encouraged. Adopting a Zero Waste lifestyle is not an easy task, but with awareness, education, and sustainable actions, we can collectively create positive change towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. Zero Waste is not just about minimizing waste, it is also about maximizing our potential to live in harmony with nature.

Developing Innovative Nanomaterials as Adsorbents for Water Treatment and their Environmental Impact

Water treatment is paramount in tackling the increasingly pressing environmental issues associated with water contamination. The present study investigates the progression of novel nanomaterials as exceptionally effective adsorbents for water purification while also evaluating their potential ecological consequences. The significance of water treatment cannot be overstated when it comes to protecting the environment and ensuring public health. This is due to the intricate and varied pollutants that are brought into water sources from many sources of waste, such as household, industrial, and environmental concerns. Adsorbents are crucial in capturing and immobilizing contaminants, making them essential instruments in this particular setting. Nanomaterials have garnered attention as potential adsorbents owing to their notable specific surface area and adjustable features. These materials possess a large surface area, reactivity, and configurable surface chemistry, rendering them intriguing candidates for adsorption applications. This manuscript presents the Innovative Nanoparticles for Water Treatment Framework (INM-WTF). This innovative approach utilizes state-of-the-art nanoparticles to improve water treatment processes' efficiency significantly. The outcomes of the INM-WTF experiment include the following parameters: Pollutant Removal Efficiency of 96.5%, Permeate Flux of 395 L/m²h, Adsorption Capacity of 155 mg/g, Photocatalytic Degradation Rate of 85%/hour, Membrane Filtration Efficiency of 97.5%, and Water Quality Compliance of 1.7 µg/L. The results indicate significant progress in water treatment capabilities, emphasizing nanomaterials' potential to tackle environmental issues, enhance water quality, and guarantee adherence to rigorous regulatory benchmarks.