Waste Of Plant Origin Research Articles

Ruminal digestion and nutrient digestibility with incorporation in rations of cows processing products of sugar beet

Obtaining produce from highly productive animals is directly related to the provision of a variety of high–quality feed, balanced by energy, nutrients, minerals and biologically active substances. In addressing this issue, a certain role belongs to plant food production waste, which is valuable energy, protein and mineral raw materials for compound feed industry, containing vitamins, minerals, enzymes and other components necessary for animal organism. The most valuable vegetable food waste includes grains waste, sugar beet pulp and molasses, alcohol bard, spent grains, products of processing sunflower seeds, soy, rape, corn and potato pulp as well as fruit and berry pomace. Aim of research – to determine the effect of feeding milk cows with feed concentrate in compound feed for dairy cows in mid–lactation on diet nutrients digestibility. Article is devoted to high performance cows using their ration of food production wastes of plant origin. The most valuable of these include grain waste, beet pulp and molasses, alcohol bard, brewer's grain, processed sunflower seeds, soybeans, canola, corn and potato pulp, fruit pomace. The inclusion in the diet of cattle feed concentrate prepared from secondary products of sugar beet to 15 – 25% in the composition of feed enhances digestive processes in the rumen that provides improved digestibility of nutrients to 1.8 – 7.8% and nitrogen deposition 10.8–26.4%. Found significant differences of total protein in the blood 4.7–5.8% (P < 0.05) in animals, which replace 20 – 25% of the diet (by weight) referred concentrate. The tendency of reducing the concentration of urea in animal research groups that is most pronounced in cows, which replace 20 – 25% of the diet (by weight) concentrate by 9.8 and 7.3% relative to the control group. This indicates the activation of metabolic processes in the research groups of cows.

Effect of Biochar on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat and Post-harvest Soil Properties in Tigray, Ethiopia

Biochar is a solid material obtained from the carbonization of any biomass including weeds, crop residues and other wastes of plant origin. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted on biochar, obtained from carbonization of Prosopis juliflora, to evaluate effects on wheat productivity and post-harvest soil properties. This experiment has used four different combinations of biochar and compost besides the chemical fertilizers. Biochar was significantly increased grain and straw yields of wheat by 15.7% and 16.5% respectively, over the NP application (control). Moreover, the root biomass was significantly increased by 20%. This shows that biochar retains nutrients and water to improve wheat productivity. Hence, the biochar produced from Prosopis juliflora could be used for wheat productivity improvement.

Kinetic modelling and analysis of amino acid formation mechanisms during bioconversion of plant raw material and organic wastes

Kinetic features are studied for biocatalytic conversion of a mixture of plant material and organic waste of plant origin. It is established that free amino acid formation in the course of biocatalytic conversion is described with sufficient accuracy by equations of formal chemical kinetics, and growth of microbial population is described by a classical Mono equation. Analysis of results in the course of kinetic simulation makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the complexity and multiplicity of free amino acid formation mechanisms, and also to carry out a series of laboratory tests for biocatalytic conversion.

Wood–Mineral–Polymer Composites

The results of the work make it possible to recycle renewable waste of plant origin and certain mineral highly dispersed substances, and may be used in the furniture and building sectors of industry. An empirical approach is proposed to describing the physicomechanical properties of the composites considered, based on three constituent volume fractions: (1) rigid, slightly deforming volume fractions; (2) thermoplastic volume fractions; (3) cavities.

Wood–Mineral–Polymer Composite Materials

The results of the work make it possible to recycle renewable waste of plant origin and certain mineral highly dispersed substances, and may be used in the furniture and building sectors of industry. An empirical approach is proposed to describing the physicomechanical properties of the composites considered, based on three constituent volume fractions: (1) rigid, slightly deforming volume fractions; (2) thermoplastic volume fractions; (3) cavities.

Utilization of Agro-Industrial Residues and Municipal Waste of Plant Origin for Cellulosic Ethanol Production

Today’s search for alternative sources of energy to reduce the use of fossil fuels is motivated by environmental, socioeconomic and political reasons. The use of agro-industrial and municipal wastes of plant origin for ethanol production appears to be the best option to solve the dilemma of using food sources to produce biofuels, since it adds value to these wastes in eco-efficient processes. This paper highlights the potential of agro-industrial and municipal wastes for cellulosic ethanol production.

NO (nitrogen monoxide) adsorption mechanism by a charcoal filter made from driftwood and waste lumber

Targeting resource management and the effective utilization of waste of plant origin, experiments involving NO (nitrogen monoxide) adsorption by charcoal filter were conducted. The charcoal filter used is made from driftwood into dams and from waste lumber.According to the experimental results, the amount of equilibrium NO adsorption of the charcoal filter was 40-1300 times as much as that of the soil filter used in the previous paper. Based on the experimental results of the NO breakthrough curve from the charcoal filter and the theoretical analysis of the mass transfer process, the NO adsorption characteristics of the charcoal filter were recognized. It was experimentally and theoretically shown that the fundamental main mechanism of the adsorption by the charcoal filter is the surface diffusion into the micro-pores except in the short early stage, during which the Knudsen diffusion in the meso-pores is the main mechanism. A practical equation that properly shows the stepwise change in the adsorption rate was proposed, and the physical meaning of parameters in the equation was explained through interpretation of the adsorption mechanism.The adsorption ability would differ based on the kind of materials involved, and that was left for future work examining the details of the charcoal filter structures.

Энзиматическое превращение гемицеллюлоз

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeРЕЗЮМЕДосега образувансто на такива полезни продукти, каквито са например течните горива или техните производни, които се използуват в органичната синтеза, от лигнин-целулозни материали чрез ензимна хидролиза на целулозата, е иконамически неосъществимо в промишлени условия. Допълнителната утилизация на хемицелулозите може да сломогне за осъществяването на този процес.Фракциите на хемицелулозитс могат да се деполимеризират доста лесно с разредена киселина, но при това освобождаващите се монозахариди също лесно се подлагат на по-нататъшно разграждане. Ето защо, най-рационално е от хемицелулозите да се получат монозахариди за по-нататъшно използуване с помощта на сизими—хемицелулази.Показано е, че ензимният препарат на гъбата Aspergillus niger е способен да разгражда широк спектър от хемицелулози. Препаратът от хемицелулази беше имобилизиран с висока степен на имобилизация, и притежанаше всички хемицелулазни активности на нативния препарат, при това беше достатъчно стабилен. Полученият имобилизиран препарат от хемицелулази е перспективен за многократно използуване в едромащабния технологичен процес при хидролизата на водоразтворимите отпадъци от растителен произход.So far the formation of such useful products like, fuel oils or products used in the organic synthesis, from lignocellulose materials by means of cellulose enzyme hydrolisis is not economically feasible on an industrial scale. Additional utilization of hemicelluloses can bring about to the realization of this process. The hemicelluloses fractions could be easily depolymerized by diluted acid, but the monosaccharides released undergo a further degradation. Therefore the most appropriate way to oltain monosaccharides from hemicelluloses for their further use is to apply enzymes—hemicellulases.It is shown that the enzyme preparation from the fungus Aspergillus niger is able to degrade a wide range of hemicelluloses. The hemicellulases preparation was immobilized with a high yield of immobilization. It preserves the hemicellulase activities of the native preparation and is quite stable.The oltained immobilized hemicellulase preparation is perspective for a repeatedly use in the large-scale technological processes for the hydrolysis of the watersoluble wastes of plant origin.