Waste Wood Biomass Research Articles

From Waste to Biosorbent: Removal of Congo Red from Water by Waste Wood Biomass

The aim of the study was to screen the waste wood biomass of 10 wood species as biosorbents for synthetic dye Congo Red (CR) removal from water and to single out the most efficient species for further batch biosorption experiments. Euroamerican poplar (EP), the most efficient species achieving 71.8% CR removal and biosorption capacity of 3.3 mg g−1, was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Different factors affecting the biosorption process were investigated: initial biosorbent concentration (1–10 g dm−3), contact time (5–360 min), initial CR concentration (10–100 mg dm−3), and the initial pH (pH = 4–9). The results showed that CR removal efficiency increased with the increase of biosorbent concentration and contact time. Increase of initial CR concentration led to an increase of the biosorption capacity, but also a decrease of CR removal efficiency. The highest CR removal efficiency was achieved at pH = 4, while at pH = 9 a significant decrease was noticed. The percentage of CR removal from synthetic wastewater was 18.6% higher than from model CR solution. The Langmuir model fitted well the biosorption data, with the maximum biosorption capacity of 8 mg g−1. The kinetics data were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model.

Analiza zahteva za korišćenje otpadne drvne i biljne biomase u Srbiji u energetske svrhe

The use of waste wood and agricultural biomass as renewable energy sources has in recent years been a practical and reliable way to obtain energy in most EU countries. Numerous scientific and practical researches are focused on the possibilities of using different sources of waste wood and plant biomass for energy purposes, as well as for other possible needs. A well- planned supply chain of waste wood and plant biomass in Serbia, with appropriate preparatory technologies, can significantly influence the rational use of available resources. This paper presents an analysis of the requirements for the use of available resources of waste wood and agricultural biomass in Serbia for appropriate purposes.

Mogućnosti korišćenja otpadne drvne i poljoprivredne biomase u Srbiji u kogeneracionim postrojenjima

Wood and agricultural remains, such as raw materials can be used for heating (30% cheaper than gas from gas pipeline, 50% of electricity or heating oil), for electricity production and for other needs. In this paper, modern integrated solutions for the application of biomass and cogeneration will be presented. With such solutions, synthetic gas with certain content of methane is obtained in the gasification area, and then purified and used in a CHP (Combined Heat and Power) e.g., internal combustion engine. The gasification of waste wood and agricultural biomass for heat and / or electricity in the CHP plant preserves and saves optimally available resources. Gas obtained by gasification in the cogeneration plant is used in the gas engine that has an asynchronous generator for electricity production on its shaft. As for waste wood and agricultural biomass, they are very little used in energy in Serbia for energy purposes. The main reason for the non-use of waste and agricultural biomass for energy purposes in some production existences is due to the underdeveloped supply chains in the form of fuels that is suitable for use for energy purposes of these manufacturers. For the rational use of these resources, it is necessary to perform a study for defined energetic territories, which, among other things, should contain data for types and available quantities, formation of origin and energy potentials.

Juniperus waste wood as a source for obtaining pellets by single-screw extrusion method

Waste wood (biomass) is one of the most valuable and multifunctional environmental, long term resources of Earth. The aim of this paper was to study the possibilities for obtaining pellets from Juniperus. excelsa M. Bieb. biomass by a single-screw extrusion pre-treatment method. Biomass obtained after aqueous distillation of J. excelsa was used. The sample was grounded and sieved into dp ⩽ 500 μm and dp ⩽ 500 μm particle in size. The experiments were carried out on a single-screw laboratory extruder “Brabender 20 DN”. According to our results, the pellets with dp < 500 μm particle size were characterized with the following indicators: the mass flow rate (1.92 kg/h), sectional expansion index (1.03), specific mechanical energy (215.65 kJ/kg), density of the extrudates (0.44 g/cm3) and volumetric flow rate (4337.58 cm3/h). The samples obtained with dp > 500 μm particle size showed the following characteristics: the mass flow rate (1.30 kg/h), sectional expansion index (1.09), specific mechanical energy (535.23 kJ/kg), density of extrudates (0.48 g/cm3) and volumetric flow rate (2719.78 cm3/h). The biomass was a potential source for biofuel production. Pellets produced from biomass with a particle size dp > 500 μm had a higher density and sectional expansion index than those with a particle size dp ⩽ 500 μm. However, their production was more economically impractical, which is due to their lower mass and volumetric flow rate, as well as higher specific mechanical energy.

Liquid Transport in Fibrillar Channels of Ion-Associated Cellular Nanowood Foams.

A mechanical disintegration of waste wood biomass and freeze-induced assembly of colloidal nanowood were effectively deployed to explore ion-associated cellular foams (NWFs) with unidirectional channels. Under the assistance of inorganic ions, the as-fabricated foams were significantly enhanced in physical stability, compressive strength, flame retardancy, and thermal barrier, accounting for the tuning effects of pores and channels, surface charges, and microphase interaction by ion effects and freeze orientation. As a result, the vascular-like ion-doped channels benefited from quick capillary liquid transport. Under 1 sun illumination, NWF-V as a 3-D evaporator exhibited a high evaporation rate of 1.50 kg m-2 h-1 and a conversion efficiency of up to 88.9% for seawater desalination. Dramatically, an average of 12.5 kg m-2 of fresh water could be generated on each sunny day by outdoor NWFs for durability beyond 15 days. Under the drive of fuel combustion, an efficient conveying of ethanol or pump oil could be at rates of 0.44 and 0.26 mL min-1, respectively. Moreover, combustion flame with variable color was generated according to the doping cations in NWFs. Therefore, sustainable, green, facile, and multifunctional wood-based cellular foams could be tailored, scaled-up, and applied as color flame burners or desalination evaporators under combustion or solar drive in the energy and environment fields.

Catalytic depolymerization of lignin from wood waste biomass over natural sourced ZSM-5 catalysts

Lignin isolated from wood waste biomass, contains 61.07 % of lignin, was converted to vanillin using ZSM-5 catalysts. Prior to use, wood waste biomass was delignified to enrich its lignin contents followed by added 10 % H2SO4 to isolate the lignin such as solid black material. Three types of ZSM-5 catalysts i.e. hierarchical ZSM-5, NiO/hierarchical ZSM-5 and CuO/hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites were used as catalysts in this study. Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared through TPAOH template synthesis methods followed by PDDAM as secondary template. Silicate and aluminate source based on a natural source to form hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite. Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite is modified with NiO and CuO by using impregnation method with Ni nitrate and Cu nitrate solution followed by calcination at 550 °C. The characterization of catalysts employed FTIR, XRD, andSEM-EDX. The reaction was carried out in 200 mL-batch reactor at 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C in the presence of ethanol and water (v/v) for 30 min. CuO/hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite gave the highest % yield of vanillin as product (4.68 %) followed by NiO/hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite (3.82 %) for the variation of temperature, compared to other ZSM-5 catalysts.

Phosphoric Acid Activated Carbon from Melia azedarach Waste Sawdust for Adsorptive Removal of Reactive Orange 16: Equilibrium Modelling and Thermodynamic Analysis.

Waste wood biomass as precursor for manufacturing activated carbon (AC) can provide a solution to ever increasing global water quality concerns. In our current work, Melia azedarach derived phosphoric acid-treated AC (MA-AC400) was manufactured at a laboratory scale. This novel MA-AC400 was tested for RO16 dye removal performance as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature and initial dye concentration in a batch scale arrangement. MA-AC400 was characterized via scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fluorescence spectroscopy. MA-AC400 is characterized as mesoporous with BET surface area of 293.13 m2 g−1 and average pore width of 20.33 Å. pHPZC and Boehm titration confirm the acidic surface charges with dominance of phenolic functional groups. The average DLS particle size of MA-AC400 was found in the narrow range of 0.12 to 0.30 µm and this polydispersity was confirmed with multiple excitation fluorescence wavelengths. MA-AC400 showed equilibrium adsorption efficiency of 97.8% for RO16 dye at its initial concentration of 30 mg L−1 and adsorbent dose of 1 g L−1. Thermodynamic study endorsed the spontaneous, favorable, irreversible and exothermic process for RO16 adsorption onto MA-AC400. Equilibrium adsorption data was better explained by Langmuir with high goodness of fit (R2, 0.9964) and this fitness was endorsed with lower error functions. The kinetics data was found well fitted to pseudo-second order (PSO), and intra-particle diffusion kinetic models. Increasing diffusion constant values confirm the intraparticle diffusion at higher RO16 initial concentration and reverse was true for PSO chemisorption kinetics. MA-AC400 exhibited low desorption with studied eluents and its cost was calculated to be $8.36/kg.

Removal of Malachite Green Dye by Teak Wood Waste Biomass Activated Carbon and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Adsorption of Malachite Green (MG) on activated carbon obtained from Teak wood biomass has been investigated by batch adsorption method. The percentage removal of dye has been optimized by studying the initial concentration of the dye, adsorbent dosage, adsorption time and pH. The experimental data were found to be well fitted to Langmuir isotherm. The present study indicates that activated carbon obtained from Teak wood biomass is an effective adsorbent of MG dye. The prepared activated carbon was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger), using disc diffusion method and compared with standard antibacterial (Nitrofurantoin) and antifungal (Amphotericin B). Bacteria showing more activity than fungal strains.

Laboratorijskim istraživanjem do izbora mjesta uvođenja stepenovanog vazduha za sagorijevanje u ložište

In general, the mixing the reactants is very important to the process and the rate of combustion of each fuel, especially low-ranked coals with low reactivity. The appropriate excess air coefficient for combustion and the position and mode of supply of individual portions (air sta- ging) of the total air in the furnace are one of the key influ- encing factors for the mixing, respectively the efficiency of the combustion process, and the level of emissions. Today, the air staging (primary, secondary, tertiary and over fire air-OFA) is an indispensable process in the design of new industrial and energy boilers. Also, this measures are used for the reconstru- ction of existing furnace of large boilers. The implementation of this primary measure in the furnace does not require signi- ficant financial resources - the costs of investing in the intro- duction of air staging supply for combustion in the furnace are very low in relation to the multiple positive effects and bene- fits of such a system, especially a lower NOx emissions. However, the first condition for the correct and reliable design of the air staging system in the furnace is the choice of the optimal position for the supply OFA air. Determination of this position on the furnace depends on several factors, primarily the type and characteristics of the fuel, grinding quality, co- mbustion technology, furnace structure, type, number and arra- ngement of burners. On this topic, the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Sarajevo, in the Laboratory for Coal and Biomass Combustion, conducted extensive rese- arch on the pulverized combustion of coal blends of the Ce- ntral Bosnia Mining Basin, including co-firing of these coals with waste wood biomass (beech and spruce sawdust). Here is presented some of the results of those NOx emission studies for different fuels and combustion temperatures, depending on the mode of supply and the positions of the combustion air supply in the boiler furnace.

Numerical investigation of biomass co-combustion with methane for NOx reduction

This paper aims at exploring a cleaner way of waste wood biomass grate-firing with a focus on NOX emission. The objective is to evaluate the potential of biomass co-combustion with methane for NOX abatement. NOX model involving three major gaseous N-species: NO, NH3 and HCN is incorporated into the dynamic fuel bed model, in which the dependency of species release on the local oxygen is accounted for. Coupling with freeboard simulation, the NOX emission from a real scale grate boiler is predicted with good accuracy and details. Waste wood and methane co-combustion with fuel-staging is investigated. The methane co-combustion ratio is on an energy basis, and three values are chosen, 10%, 20%, and 30%. In the fuel-staging setup, it is found that a higher co-combustion fraction produces a better NOX reduction effect. This reduction is a result of less nitrogen input and NO reburning from hydrocarbon and other N-species. Moreover, while cutting down the total excess air, the reduction effect is enhanced from lower stoichiometry but accompanied by a diminished dilution for the NOX emission at stack. The results show that the reduction efficiency can achieve up to 45.3%.

Removal of Hexavalent Chromium Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Teak Wood Waste Biomass

The present work reported the adsorption of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions on activated carbon prepared from teak wood waste. Biomass from teak wood were taken out and pulverized in a micro-pulverizing mill. The powder thus obtained was activated with 40% H3PO4 and carbonized at 600 °C for 1 hour in an inert atmosphere. Physico-chemical characteristics such as functional groups and surface morphology of the activated carbon were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis respectively. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate the effects of Cr (VI) concentration, carbon dose, pH and time. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) was found to be 1.5 g/L at pH 3 and temperature 30±1 °C. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm best represented the equilibrium data and a pseudo-second order relation represented the adsorption kinetics.

Experimental Investigation on the Energy Consumption, Physical, and Thermal Properties of a Novel Pellet Fuel Made from Wood Residues with Microalgae as a Binder

Co-pelletization of waste biomass and microalgae is an attractive option for using bioenergy efficiently. This work investigates the potential of microalgae as a binder to improve the energy consumption and physical and thermal properties of a novel pellet. Wood waste biomass was blended with microalgae in proportions of 15%, 30%, and 50% to investigate its properties using a single pelleting device and thermodynamic analysis. The results showed that, under the conditions of temperature (80–160 °C), pressure (120–200 MPa), and moisture content (6%–14%), blending microalgae can effectively increase the bulk density and mechanical durability of the pellets by 9%–36% and 0.7%–1.6%, respectively, and can significantly reduce the energy consumption of pelleting by 23.5%–40.4%. Blending microalgae can significantly reduce the energy consumption of pelleting by 23.5%–40.4%. Moreover, when the amount of Chlorella vulgaris powder (CVP) is 50%, a maximum bulk density (BD) of 1580.2 kg/m3, a durability (DU) of 98%, and a minimum energy consumption of 25.2 kJ/kg were obtained under the optimum conditions of temperature (120 °C), pressure (120 MPa), and moisture content (10%), respectively. Besides, the interaction between the microalgae and sawdust does exist, and their effect on the co-combustion process is inhibitive (0–300 °C) and accelerative (300–780 °C). When the amount of microalgae was 15%, the average activation energy of the pellet was a minimum value, which was 133.21 kJ/mol and 134.60 kJ/mol calculated by the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method and Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method, respectively. Therefore, the energy consumption, physical, and thermal properties of the novel pellet could be improved and meet the ISO standard (International Organization for Standardization of 17225, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016) by blending 15% of microalgae. Overall, the use of microalgae as a binder can indeed improve pellet quality, and it can be considered a significant way to utilize microalgae in the future.

Effects of bio-oil on performance characteristics of base and recycled asphalt pavement binders

The present study evaluates the effects of using bio-oil derived from waste wood biomass on physical properties, aging, fatigue and rutting performance of base binder. A base binder (Viscosity Grade VG30) was blended with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of bio-oil by total weight of the binder. Along with physical properties tests (penetration, softening point and viscosity), rutting and fatigue performance of the bio-oil modified binder was evaluated using multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS), tests, respectively. Furthermore, the aging index was determined to observe the oxidation characteristics of bio-oil modified asphalt binder. The results showed that the blending of bio-oil increased the penetration and decreased the softening point and viscosity of the base binder. Based on Indian Standard 73:2013 specification, it was observed that blending of 2% and 4% bio-oil satisfies VG20 and VG10 binder properties, respectively. Increased percent of bio-oil modified binder showed high aging susceptibility. Addition of bio-oil decreased rutting performance, while it improved the fatigue and thermal cracking resistance. Bio-oil as a rejuvenator was explored by blending it with RAP binder. It was found that addition of bio-oil reduces viscosity and high PG of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) binder, thus showed the potentiality to use as softener for aged binder.

Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Teak Wood Waste Biomass

Isotherm and Kinetic Studies of Methylene Blue Adsorption Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Teak Wood Waste Biomass

On the expediency of environmentally-friendly use of wood waste in the Baikal region

An important direction in ensuring technosphere safety is the reduction of the amount of waste produced by the timber industry and emissions of harmful substances into the environment. Environmentally friendly recycling of woody biomass is expedient in terms of environmental protection and contribute to energy consumption. The purpose of this work is to estimate woody biomass resources in Russia and in the Baikal region (Irkutsk region, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai) in terms of the energy use. The data of public statistics on the volume of harvested wood and products of the timber industry of the Russian regions were used. Based on the analysis of waste generation standards, the resources of wood waste generated during wood harvesting, production of sawn timber, plywood and cellulose were evaluated. The calculations showed that 94±18 million m3 of wood waste is generated annually in Russia. Significant waste wood biomass (about 19 million m3 / year, or 5.6 million tons of coal equivalent) is located in the Baikal region. Most of this biomass is concentrated in Irkutsk region (about 90% of woody waste from the Baikal region). This wood waste has to be recycled to prevent environmental and economic damage. Disposal of waste will help avoid littering of territories, forest fires, pollution of surface and groundwater which will have a positive impact on the ecological situation in areas of forest harvesting and processing.

Valorisation of Waste Wood Biomass as Biosorbent for the Removal of Synthetic Dye Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions

Background and Purpose: Wood and wood processing industries are generators of a substantial amount of waste wood biomass, such as wood chips, shavings and sawdust. Such waste is often unused and its disposal can be a serious environmental problem. Different lignocellulosic waste materials have been successfully used as low-cost adsorbents (biosorbents) for the removal of synthetic dyes, as well as other contaminants, from wastewater. The aim of this study was to valorise the waste wood biomass of ten tree species, out of which seven are the most represented species of the Croatian growing stock, as biosorbents for the removal of synthetic dye methylene blue (MB) from model solutions. Materials and Methods: The waste wood biomasses (shavings or sawdust) of ten tree species, namely common beech, pedunculate oak, sessile oak, common hornbeam, narrow-leafed ash, poplar, European silver fir, Norway spruce, European larch and Douglas fir, were dried and milled prior to characterisation and adsorption experiments. Characterisation of the biosorbents was performed by chemical analysis and Fourier transform Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Upon characterisation, batch adsorption experiments were conducted in order to survey waste wood biomass as potential adsorbents for the removal of synthetic dye MB. The colour removal was monitored spectrophotometrically at predetermined time intervals. Further adsorption experiments were performed using poplar sawdust. The effects of contact time, biosorbent concentration, initial dye concentration, and pH on the adsorption process were investigated. The experimental data obtained by batch adsorption experiments were analysed using adsorption isotherm models (Freundlich and Langmuir). Results: All the tested biosorbents were found to be very effective for the removal of MB from model dye solution, achieving high removal percentages ranging from 93.25 to 98.50%. Poplar sawdust proved to be the most effective. It was shown that MB adsorption process onto poplar sawdust could be interpreted in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that waste wood biomass has the potential to be used as a low-cost biosorbent for MB removal from aqueous solutions.

Influence of heating rates on the products of high-temperature pyrolysis of waste wood pellets and biomass model compounds

The effect of heating rates ranging from 5 °C min−1 to 350 °C min−1 on the yields of pyrolysis products of wood and its main pseudo-components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) have been investigated at a temperature of 800 °C in a horizontal fixed bed reactor. Results showed a successive dramatic increase and decrease in gas and liquid yields, respectively, while the yields of solid products showed a gradual decrease as heating rates increased. Increased gas formation and an increasingly aromatic oil/tar support the theory of rapid devolatilization of degradation products with increasing heating rate, leading to extensive cracking of primary pyrolysis vapours. Solid products with coal-like calorific value and large surface areas were obtained. CO became the dominant gas both on a mass and volume basis, at the heating rate of 350 °C min−1 for all samples except xylan, which also produced a significant yield of CO2 (20.3 wt% and 25.4 vol%) compared to the other samples. Cellulose produced a gas product with highest calorific value of 35 MJ kg−1 at the highest heating rate. Results also indicate that the three main pseudo-components of biomass each exert a different influence on the products of high temperature pyrolysis of woody biomass.

Cost and CO2 reduction of biomass co-firing using waste wood biomass in Tohoku region, Japan

This paper aims to estimate the costs and CO2 emissions of wood biomass co-firing in the Tohoku region of Japan. A woody biomass supply system is designed, which comprises of four processes: collection, resource transportation, preprocessing, and fuel transportation. Preprocessing is further divided into two processes: drying and fuel production. Sawmill residue, construction waste, forest residue, thinning residue, and fruit-tree pruning residue are treated as raw materials. Wood chips, pellets, and torrefied pellets (known as black pellets) are regarded as bio-fuels. The raw-material and bio-fuel transportation pathways are optimized using a geographical information system (GIS). In the Tohoku area, the availability of raw-material is 3.6 PJ/y, and the results indicate that the preprocessing plant locations should be widely distributed in that region, because the resource transportation costs have a significantly greater influence on the costs and emissions than the scale effect of the preprocessing facilities. The chip production case exhibits the smallest energy consumption of 3.8 GJ/t, the lowest supply cost of 1558 JPY/GJ, and the largest CO2 reduction of 252 × 103 t CO2/y, whereas the pellet production case exhibits a supply cost and CO2 reduction of 1643 JPY/GJ and 229 × 103 t CO2/y, respectively. The energy consumption, energy waste, and cost of torrefaction are greater than the reductions in the transportation energy and cost due to wider distribution of the preprocessing plants; thus, the black pellet case has a larger supply cost than the chip and pellet cases.

Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Using Hydrolyzates of Spruce Sawdust: Comparison of Hydrolyzates Detoxification by Application of Overliming, Active Carbon, and Lignite.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial polyesters which are considered biodegradable alternatives to petrochemical plastics. PHAs have a wide range of potential applications, however, the production cost of this bioplastic is several times higher. A major percentage of the final cost is represented by the price of the carbon source used in the fermentation. Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia sacchari are generally considered promising candidates for PHA production from lignocellulosic hydrolyzates. The wood waste biomass has been subjected to hydrolysis. The resulting hydrolyzate contained a sufficient amount of fermentable sugars. Growth experiments indicated a strong inhibition by the wood hydrolyzate. Over-liming and activated carbon as an adsorbent of inhibitors were employed for detoxification. All methods of detoxification had a positive influence on the growth of biomass and PHB production. Furthermore, lignite was identified as a promising alternative sorbent which can be used for detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolyzates. Detoxification using lignite instead of activated carbon had lower inhibitor removal efficiency, but greater positive impact on growth of the bacterial culture and overall PHA productivity. Moreover, lignite is a significantly less expensive adsorbent in comparison with activated charcoal and; moreover, used lignite can be simply utilized as a fuel to, at least partially, cover heat and energetic demands of fermentation, which should improve the economic feasibility of the process.

Recycle, Bury, or Burn Wood Waste Biomass?: LCA Answer Depends on Carbon Accounting, Emissions Controls, Displaced Fuels, and Impact Costs

SummaryThis study extends existing life cycle assessment (LCA) literature by assessing seven environmental burdens and an overall monetized environmental score for eight recycle, bury, or burn options to manage clean wood wastes generated at construction and demolition activity sites. The study assesses direct environmental impacts along with substitution effects from displacing fossil fuels and managed forest wood sourcing activities. Follow‐on effects on forest carbon stocks, land use, and fuel markets are not assessed. Sensitivity analysis addresses landfill carbon storage and biodegradation rates, atmospheric emissions controls, displaced fuel types, and two alternative carbon accounting methods commonly used for waste management LCAs. Base‐case carbon accounting considers emissions and uptakes of all biogenic and fossil carbon compounds, including biogenic carbon dioxide. Base‐case results show that recycling options (recycling into reconstituted wood products or into wood pulp for papermaking) rank better than all burning or burying options for overall monetized score as well as for climate impacts, except that wood substitution for coal in industrial boilers is slightly better than recycling for the climate. Wood substitution for natural gas boiler fuel has the highest environmental impacts. Sensitivity analysis shows the overall monetized score rankings for recycling options to be robust except for the carbon accounting method, for which all options are highly sensitive. Under one of the alternative methods, wood substitution for coal boiler fuel and landfill options with high methane capture efficiency are the best for the overall score; recycling options are next to the worst. Under the other accounting alternative, wood substitution for coal and waste‐to‐energy are the best, followed by recycling options.