Abstract
The aim of the study was to screen the waste wood biomass of 10 wood species as biosorbents for synthetic dye Congo Red (CR) removal from water and to single out the most efficient species for further batch biosorption experiments. Euroamerican poplar (EP), the most efficient species achieving 71.8% CR removal and biosorption capacity of 3.3 mg g−1, was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Different factors affecting the biosorption process were investigated: initial biosorbent concentration (1–10 g dm−3), contact time (5–360 min), initial CR concentration (10–100 mg dm−3), and the initial pH (pH = 4–9). The results showed that CR removal efficiency increased with the increase of biosorbent concentration and contact time. Increase of initial CR concentration led to an increase of the biosorption capacity, but also a decrease of CR removal efficiency. The highest CR removal efficiency was achieved at pH = 4, while at pH = 9 a significant decrease was noticed. The percentage of CR removal from synthetic wastewater was 18.6% higher than from model CR solution. The Langmuir model fitted well the biosorption data, with the maximum biosorption capacity of 8 mg g−1. The kinetics data were found to conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetics model.
Highlights
The use of waste materials for different purposes has been widely promoted through the implementation of circular economy principles in the developmental strategies of many countries
The results indicate that the removal of Congo Red (CR) by bio on Euroamerican poplar (EP) is a dye concentration-dependent process, which is consistent with the re EP is a dye concentration-dependent process, which is consistent with the results of other authors who used other lignocellulosic biosorbents for CR removal such as the Eucalyptus wood sawdust [13], chir pine sawdust [12], the roots of the plant E. crassipes [37], and the cattail root [38]
This study investigated the applicability of waste wood biomass of ten tree species for the biosorptive removal of Congo Red (CR) from water
Summary
The use of waste materials for different purposes has been widely promoted through the implementation of circular economy principles in the developmental strategies of many countries. Waste wood biomass, generated in substantial amounts by wood and wood processing industries, has mostly been further exploited for heat and power, replacing non-renewable energy sources (e.g., coal or natural gas) with a renewable, more sustainable one [1]. A large portion of waste wood biomass remains unexploited, posing a possible environmental danger. Another serious environmental problem is the presence of synthetic dyes in aquatic ecosystems. Synthetic dyes have been irreplaceable in almost every industry and are often present in industrial effluents. The discharge of poorly treated or untreated dye-loaded industrial effluents into the natural recipients (i.e., the aquatic ecosystem) significantly affects the physical and chemical properties of their water [2]. Even a minimal concentration of dyes can adversely affect the flora and fauna of the natural recipient. The efficiency of conventional biological wastewater treatment systems for dye removal is usually very low [5], which results in their accumulation and persistence in the environment
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