Waste Processing Plant Research Articles

Crevice Corrosion of Stainless Alloys in Liquid Waste Environment of the Nuclear Power Plant

Abstract The comparative capabilities of type 316L (UNS S31603) and a duplex stainless steel (SS) and three high-nickel stainless alloys were studied for use in the waste processing plant of nuclear power stations. Exposure tests were carried out in the synthetic waste solutions of different pHs at boiling point using multiple crevice assemblies. The frequency and the depth of crevice attack were evaluated statistically. Type 316L SS and duplex SS exhibited almost an equivalent incidence of crevice corrosion. However, deep and severe attack was observed only for type 316L SS, whereas uniform and shallow attack was seen for duplex SS. The high-nickel stainless alloys showed a considerably higher crevice corrosion resistance than type 316L SS. They were immune against crevice attack in a pH 8 solution, but not in a pH 5 solution.

Microorganisms in municipal solid waste and public health implications

The composition of municipal solid waste is quite heterogeneous. This mixed composition results in the presence of a variety of microorganisms that reach densities which are relatively high, and which remain high even after many years in a landfill. Microorganism densities in the air at municipal solid waste processing plants tend to be higher than levels near wastewater treatment facilities. This may be due to indoor operations. Composting can inactivate essentially all of the microorganisms associated with fecal matter, but thermophilic fungi may cause adverse health problems. The presence of microorganisms in municipal solid waste does not mean that there is a high risk of infection or disease if a person is occupationally exposed to the waste. Dose‐response relationships with various microorganisms have shown that a relatively large number of microbes are necessary to initiate an infection or cause disease.

Conditionally predictive supply elasticity estimates: Secondary materials obtained from municipal residuals

New capital-intensive waste processing plants have been developed that can recover secondary materials and energy from the municipal solid waste stream resulting in lower disposal costs than traditional methods. The potential supply of secondary glass, ferrous metals, aluminum, and energy is estimated using an engineering cost model of secondary materials and energy supply under alternative prices for energy and materials. Econometric estimates of the own- and cross-price elasticities of supply for the materials and energy are then estimated from the data set. Significant cross-price effects are shown.

Identification of offensive odor compounds from potato processing plant waste effluent irrigation fields

Identification of offensive odor compounds from potato processing plant waste effluent irrigation fields

Fabric Filtration in Resource Recovery

Due to the types of materials and processes used in the resource recovery field, air quality is of major concern. Experience to date at test sites and resource recovery facilities has shown that the use of fabric filters is required to control environmental degradation successfully. An air classification system utilizing a fabric filter was operating and evaluated. The system was installed adjacent to a Solid Waste Processing plant in Houston, Texas and was the first installation utilizing a rotary drum air classifier to produce refuse-derived fuel (RDF). The fabric filter was tested for efficiency and compatibility with the air classifier. The Monroe County Resource Recovery Facility, now under construction in Rochester, N. Y., will use a total of ten (10) fabric filters to control emissions. The locations, requirements, and basis for their use will be discussed.

Treatment of Potato Processing Waste Water on Agricultural Land

AbstractThe chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total N and NO3−‐N concentrations in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) processing plant waste water and in the soil solution at several depths in a treatment field where the waste water was applied were studied for a 2‐year period. The COD decreased 95 to 99% from 850 to 2,000 ppm in waste water to 4 to 40 ppm after passing through 150 cm of soil. A similar decrease in the total N concentration was found. The NO3−‐N concentration in the waste water ranged from 0.1 to 9.0 ppm and the concentration in the soil solution at the 150‐cm depth was generally < 1.0 ppm. During the second year 1,076 kg N/ha were applied in the waste water. The grass crop removed about 320 kg N/ha (about 30% of that applied). Results indicated that only about 10 kg N/ha passed into the water table each year. Land disposal is a practical method for disposing of potato processing waste waters with a low pollution potential.

What Is Safe Waste Disposal?

The nature of radioactive wastes and their hazards is considered, and present and future methods of disposal are discussed. It is concluded that in the forseeable future the cumulative effect can lead to serious contamination of large sections of the globe. Even without genetic damage the potential hazard is considerable. Present practice is satisfactory for present needs. The problem of locating waste processing plants close to power reactors versus sites close to waste disposal areas is discussed. (T.R.H.)