Fruit Waste Research Articles

Sustainable Extraction Technology of Fruit and Vegetable Residues as Novel Food Ingredients.

Fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) is a global waste issue with environmental impacts. It contains valuable compounds such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, proteins, vitamins, pigments, and fatty acids, which can be extracted for food applications. This study aims to review sustainable extraction methods for FVW and its potential in the food industry. This paper provides an overview of the sources and sustainable methods of high value-added compounds extracted from FVW. Sustainable techniques, including supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction, are compared with traditional methods, for their efficiency in extracting high-value compounds from FVW while minimizing environmental impact. Sustainable extraction of FVW compounds is sustainable and beneficial for novel food ingredients. However, challenges in scalability and cost need to be addressed for wider adoption in the food sector. Sustainable extraction techniques effectively extract phytochemicals from FVW, preserving bioactivity and reducing environmental load. These methods show promise for sustainable food ingredient development.

Red Currant (Ribes rubrum L.) Fruit Waste Extract and Juice as Potential Spasmolytic Agents.

Red currant (Ribes rubrum L.) berries are rich in bioactive compounds and exhibit nutritive and protective features. This research examined the content of secondary metabolites of the red currant variety Redpoll lyophilized juice and waste extract and their antioxidative and spasmolytic effects. The flavonol and anthocyanin contents of the samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The antispasmodic effects were assessed in in vitro conditions, and the potential impact of the samples and possible action mechanisms were revealed. The results showed the prevalence of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the dominant anthocyanin with higher content in the juice sample. Quercetin content, as the prevalent flavonol, was higher in the waste sample. The berry juice showed a greater ability for scavenging free radicals, whereas the waste better inhibited lipid peroxidation. The juice was a superior antispasmodic agent for spontaneous, KCl-, CaCl2-, BaCl2-, histamine-, and acetylcholine-induced ileal contractions. This first evaluation of the red currant variety Redpoll lyophilized juice and waste extract indicated the beneficial effects of juice as an antioxidant and spasmolytic agent. Therefore, this red currant juice sample could be designated for the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

Innovative Eco-Enzyme from Fruit and Vegetable Waste for Pollution Control

Innovative Eco-Enzyme from Fruit and Vegetable Waste for Pollution Control

Development and nutritional evaluation of pomegranate peel enriched bars.

Pomegranate peel powder is used as a functional ingredient in the development of nutritional bars. Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is well known fruit belongs to punicaceae family having multiple health benefits, not only limited to its edible parts but also in its non-edible parts mostly the peel. Fruit wastes are rich source of nutrients, and can be used for the development of functional food products. Pomegranate peel is considered to be beneficial due to its functional and therapeutic properties as it is a source of many biological active components like polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. Nutrient rich and ready-made foods are the demand of everyone due to their easy availability and cost effectiveness. Among the confectionary products, bars are liked by individuals of different age groups. Hence, nutritional properties of bars can be enhanced by using pomegranate peel powder. The current study was designed to develop bars enriched with pomegranate peel powder as a basic ingredient. Pomegranate peel powder is prepared and analyzed for proximate, mineral, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and anti-oxidant potential (DPPH). By using pomegranate peel powder, oats and jaggery, bars were prepared. In this research, five treatments T0 (0% pomegranate peel powder and 100% oats). T1 (5% pomegranate peel powder and 95% oats), T2 (10% pomegranate peel powder and 90% oats), T3 (15% pomegranate peel powder and 85% oats) and T4 (20% pomegranate peel powder and 80% oats) were used. The developed product is analyzed for proximate, mineral, total flavonoid contents, total phenolic content and anti-oxidant potential (DPPH). Proximate analysis of bars revealed that moisture, protein, fat, fiber, ash and nitrogen free extract ranges from T0 to T4 (13.38±1.21 to 11.32±1.15, 9.56±0.92 to 8.32±1.14, 9.05±1.21 to 7.93±1.08, 5.23±0.82 to 16.89±0.64, 2.05±0.87 to 2.92±1.25 and 62.51±0.85 to 52.62±0.93 respectively. Phytochemical analysis of bars enriched with pomegranate peel powder revealed that total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant potential of bars ranges from T0 to T4 (142.74±0.65 to 211.79±0.63 mg GAE/100g, 129.16±0.64 to 192±0.53 mg QE/100g and 41.35±0.82 to 64.57±0.69%) respectively. Mineral analysis of bars enriched with pomegranate peel powder revealed that calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Iron, Magnesium content ranged from T0 to T4 (25.42±0.63 to 31.06±0.58, 51.00±1.01 to 45.05±1.09, 59.46±1.13 to 79.15±0.28, 1.32±1.20 to 1.95±0.83 and 54.17±0.88±0.58 to 57.36±0.68 mg/100g respectively). Sensory evaluation is done for color, aroma, taste, texture overall acceptability. T3 got maximum score. Then, the data obtained were evaluated by CRD design. On the basis of results revealed that treatment T3 with 15% pomegranate peel powder was overall highly acceptable.

Optimisation of activated carbon from fruit stones and shells derived via molten salt activation for dye removal.

Recent advancements in activated carbon production involve molten salt activation using a eutectic mixture of ZnCl2-NaCl-KCl. This study explores the production of activated carbon from fruit waste, specifically walnut shells, using a 60:20:20mol % eutectic mixture. Optimal conditions were identified through response surface methodology, with 400°C and a salt-to-biomass ratio of 10g/g, yielding a surface area of 276m2/g. These conditions were applied to cherry, olive, and plum stones, with plum stones achieving the highest surface area of 351m2/g. Characterization was performed through elemental and proximate analysis, gas adsorption (N2, CO2), and chemical adsorption of iodine and dyes. Despite some substandard qualities, the study highlights a unique mesoporous pore size distribution, with all samples exhibiting a distinct peak around 22nm, a characteristic feature of the eutectic salt mixture used.

Comparative potential of biogas production from the distillery, fruit and vegetable waste and their mixtures (digestion)

Comparative potential of biogas production from the distillery, fruit and vegetable waste and their mixtures (digestion)

Modification of activated carbon from processed salak fruit waste with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite for removal of Pb(II) in wastewater

Modification of activated carbon from processed salak fruit waste with Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composite for removal of Pb(II) in wastewater

Ex situ fabrication and bioactivity characterization of Neem and Sage-infused bacterial cellulose membranes for sustainable antimicrobial applications.

This study presents the ex situ development and characterization of bacterial cellulose (BC) membranes loaded with bioactive Sage and Neem extracts for enhanced antimicrobial applications. Utilizing discarded fruit waste as a cost-effective carbon source, BC production was optimized, yielding membranes with improved properties. Neem and Sage extracts, obtained via Soxhlet extraction, exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 3.125mg/mL and 25mg/mL, respectively, for Neem extract, and 25mg/mL and 50mg/mL for Sage extract. These extracts (20wt%) were successfully incorporated into BC membranes ex situ, resulting in BC-Neem (BC-N) and BC-Sage (BC-S) composites. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the chemical interactions between the extracts and the BC matrix, revealing the introduction of new functional groups and enhancing the composite properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated changes in morphology, indicating deeper penetration and attachment of the extracts within the BC structure. Quantitative analysis of water holding capacity demonstrated that BC-N and BC-S absorbed about 90 times water of their dry weight. Antibacterial assays through the colony-forming unit method showed that BC-N significantly inhibited S. aureus growth by 78% and E. coli by 51%, while BC-S exhibited a 48% reduction against S. aureus. Agar disc-diffusion assay showed the formation of inhibition zones of 1.2cm and 0.1cm by BC-N against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively, in contrast to 0.2cm and no inhibition by BC-S composite. These results highlight the potential of bioactive plant extract-loaded BC membranes as effective antimicrobial agents, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional materials in medical and food packaging applications.

Optimisation of bacterial cellulose production by Novacetimonas hansenii isolated from pomegranate fruit wastes

Optimisation of bacterial cellulose production by Novacetimonas hansenii isolated from pomegranate fruit wastes

Diferentes concentrações de farinhas dos resíduos de frutas tropicais amazônicas para composição de mistura ternária em gelados comestíveis

ABSTRACT: To improve the nutritional and functional quality of agro-industrial waste, his study established a ternary mixture of flours made from pineapple, acerola, and passion fruit waste using the simplex-centroid design, as well as to evaluate their effects on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible ice cream. Using mixture planning, nine ternary flour components were applied to edible ice cream formulations to evaluate acceptance scores for taste, texture, and overall impression attributes, as well as physicochemical parameters (pH, acidity, soluble solids, and color parameters) and microbiological parameters (thermotolerant coliforms at 45 ºC, Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella). The simplex-centroid design demonstrated that the cubic model best predicts the results for the analyzed sensory attributes. The response surface graphs indicated the area of greatest acceptance in the formulations with the maximum percentage established for the flour with acerola waste. The highest level of acceptability was given to the ternary mixture of 60%, 30%, and 10% pineapple, passion fruit, and acerola flours, respectively. The results indicated that sorbet enriched with flour composed of the ternary mixture is a product with the potential for exploitation, as well as contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts generated by the large and improper disposal of agro-industrial fruit processing residues in the ecosystem.

O- AND Zn-SELF-DUAL-DOPED POROUS CARBON DERIVED FROM FRUIT WASTE FOR BOOSTING SUPERCAPACITOR PERFORMANCE

Recent developments in supercapacitor devices have prompted an increasing demand for energy storage devices that operate at a micro-scale. Fabrication of such devices requires environmentally benign, compatible materials derived from waste-food industries. Therefore, this study aims to develop a carbon functional self-dual-doped from waste-food industries of mangosteen peel sources to optimize volumetric level supercapacitor. A simple integrated pyrolysis with ZnCl<sub>2</sub> assistance was applied to synthesize the self-dual-doped porous carbon. The precursor was designed as a thin-tubelike additive-free form at a constant density of 1.21 g cm<sup>-3</sup>. The optimized material (CNR-OZn-5) exhibited a unique morphology from a combination of short nanofibers and a unique reef-like architecture. Furthermore, it had a surface area of 670.569 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> with O (6.00%) and Zn (0.31%) doped. In the two-configuration system, the measuring electrodes yielded capacitive properties of 261 F g<sup>-1</sup> and 315.81 F cm<sup>-3</sup> at 1 A g<sup>-1</sup>. At 10 A g<sup>-1</sup>, the coulombic efficiency and rate capability were 98% and 67.56% with an enhanced pseudo-capacitance contribution of 20.9% and low resistance of 0.05 Ω. The specific energy in the symmetrical supercapacitors system was 13.14 and 16.17 Wh L<sup>-1</sup> in 1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. This new strategy, coupled with the use of waste-food-derived self-dual-doped carbon materials, holds significant potential for achieving high-level volumetric characteristics in sustainable energy storage system.

Chemical and Technological Evaluation of Avocado Fruit Wastes for Enhancing Functional Properties of Some Foods

Chemical and Technological Evaluation of Avocado Fruit Wastes for Enhancing Functional Properties of Some Foods

Elucidating the Microencapsulation of Bioactives from Pomegranate Fruit Waste for Enhanced Stability, Controlled Release, Biological Activity, and Application

Elucidating the Microencapsulation of Bioactives from Pomegranate Fruit Waste for Enhanced Stability, Controlled Release, Biological Activity, and Application

Modification of Agricultural Waste Carbon Adsorbents with Iron and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Heavy Metals Removal: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Introduction: Considering the damage caused by heavy metal pollution, researchers and environmental health organizations have prioritized developing methods to remove heavy metal ions from polluted water. This study reviews existing literature on the use of agricultural waste, as well as the modification of agricultural waste with iron and iron oxides, for heavy metal removal. Materials and Methods: The systematic review included a search for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 in English, with 45 articles being selected for inclusion. After removal of duplicates and screening for eligibility, thematic analysis was conducted to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of practical, economic methods for preparing and modifying agricultural waste for heavy metal removal. Results: A total of 45 articles were selected for inclusion, covering the preparation and modification of adsorbents from cellulose sources and agricultural waste. Thematic analysis revealed that agricultural waste is an environmentally friendly adsorbent with a high capacity for removing cadmium, lead, and arsenic from aqueous solutions. Moreover, modified adsorbents with iron and iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrated superior adsorption capacities compared to their unmodified counterparts. Conclusion: This review highlights the potential of utilizing cellulose sources, particularly processed fruit waste, as a suitable material for preparing carbon-based adsorbents and modifying their surfaces with iron and iron oxide nanoparticles. Their abundance, adsorption capacity, low cost, and availability make them a promising solution for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions.

Model Pemberdayaan Kader Lingkungan Adiwiyata dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Organik di SMPN 39 Semarang

The main problem in the environment today is the large amount of organic waste produced from daily activities that is not managed properly, such as citrus fruit waste and fish waste. This can have a bad impact if not handled properly. This research aims to explain the process of implementing empowerment in organic waste management at SMP Negeri 39 Semarang, with a focus on making aromatherapy candles and organic liquid fertilizer. The Participatory Action Research (PAR) method is used to involve active participation of Adiwiyata Cadre students in research and action, enabling them to not only be research subjects but also actors in implementing community-based solutions. The research results show that the PAR method is able to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the importance of waste management. This process enriches students' knowledge of recycling and has a direct impact on the school environment, enabling them to face future environmental challenges.

Preparation and characterization of biopolymeric films produced from fruit and vegetable waste

Preparation and characterization of biopolymeric films produced from fruit and vegetable waste

Mathematical modeling of biohydrogen production via dark fermentation of fruit peel wastes by Clostridium butyricum NE95

BackgroundBiohydrogen production from agro-industrial wastes through dark fermentation offers several advantages including eco-friendliness, sustainability, and the simplicity of the process. This study aimed to produce biohydrogen from fruit and vegetable peel wastes (FVPWs) by anaerobic fermentative bacteria isolated from domestic wastewater. Kinetic analysis of the produced biohydrogen by five isolates on a glucose medium was analyzed using a modified Gompertz model (MGM). Besides, the feasibility of hydrogen production by Clostridium butyricum NE95 using FVPWs as substrates was investigated.ResultsThe bacterial isolate NE95 was selected as the highest biohydrogen producer with maximum biohydrogen production (Hmax) of 1617.67 ± 3.84 mL/L, Rmax (MGM) of 870.77 mL/L/h and lag phase (λ) of 28.37 h. NE95 was phenotypically and genetically identified as C. butyricum and its 16 S rRNA gene sequence was deposited in the GenBank under the accession number PP581833. The genetic screening of hydrogenase gene clusters indicated the presence of Fe-Fe hydrogenase gene in C. butyricum NE95. C. butyricum NE95 showed the ability to produce biohydrogen from different FVPWs, with watermelon and melon peels being the most promising feedstocks for fermentation. It was revealed that using a mixture (1:1, w/w) of watermelon and melon peels as a substrate for C. butyricum NE95 significantly increased biohydrogen yield with Hmax of 991.00 ± 10.54 mL/L, Rmax of 236.31 mL/L/h, λ of 33.92 h and a high accuracy of R2 (0.997).ConclusionsThe study highlights the effectiveness of C. butyricum NE95 on the valorization of FVPWs and generates a sustainable source of biohydrogen production.

Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Peels of Selected Fruits

Pectin, a polysaccharide is one of the possible products produced from fruit wastes and it finds its usefulness in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of this study was to extract and characterize pectin from banana, orange, mango, watermelon, and pineapple waste peels. The peels of the fruits were collected, dried, and ground into fine powder. Pectin was extracted from the dried powdered peels using a cold extraction method and physiochemical properties and structural analysis via FT-IR spectroscopy were determined. Bananas gave the highest yield of pectin while pineapple gave the lowest. The colour derived from pectin extracted ranged from light to dark brown and in appearance was flakish and powdery. The pectins were found to be HMP i.e. high methoxyl pectins based on their acetyl values. Structural analysis from the Fourier transforms (FT-IR) gave almost the same peaks and functional groups. Conclusively, the pectin extracted from these fruit wastes showed promise as good sources for the pharmaceutical and gelling industries.

Current status and the significance of local wisdom biofertilizer in enhancing soil health and crop productivity for sustainable agriculture: A systematic literature review

Soil fertility is recognized as a crucial factor in supporting plant growth and productivity. The utilization of biofertilizers as environmentally friendly fertilizers is aimed at enhancing soil fertility and plant productivity. This study aims to explore the potential of local material for developing local wisdom biofertilizers (LWB) for achieving sustainable agriculture. A systematic literature review was conducted using bibliometric analysis, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews, and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method, employing the Scopus search engine with the keywords "local AND wisdom AND biofertilizer" OR "biofertilizer" OR "local AND microorganism" OR "soil AND health OR crop AND productivity OR sustainable agriculture". The search yielded 704 articles, of which 11 were deemed eligible after selection. Based on the literature review, it was found that there are local materials, including fish waste, seaweed, Azolla, fruit waste, Moringa oleifera, microalga, bamboo roots, banana hump, golden snail, mangrove leaves, fruit, and vegetable waste that can be used as raw materials for LWB to improve soil health, plant growth, and productivity. The development of LWB as a new fertilizer technology faces challenges such as lack of regulations, low public trust, limited farmer awareness, weak promotion, and raw material shortages. Further research is needed to intensively study and enhance the effectiveness of LWB through enrichment using beneficial microorganisms.

Extraction of bioactive compounds from passion fruit waste and their potential applications in the food industry: a scoping review

Passion fruit is one of the tropical fruits widely consumed and used in the fruit processing industry, resulting in large amounts of waste which may cause negative impacts on the environment, economy, and society. The present review aimed to identify bioactive compounds that can be extracted from passion fruit wastes, the extraction methods and conditions to obtain maximum bioactive compounds and determine their applications in the food industry. Different studies have extracted bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre, phenolic compounds, seed oil, natural colourants, and enzymes from passion fruit wastes. Green extraction techniques are suggested to extract the bioactive compounds from the passion fruit wastes due to the high yield, energy effectiveness, and environment friendly. Besides, the extracted bioactive compounds have potential to serve as raw ingredients, food additives, and food packaging in the food industry. Overall, this review provides insight into the transformation of passion fruit waste into valuable products via various extraction methods to reduce the negative impacts of the waste.