Extraction of bioactive compounds from passion fruit waste and their potential applications in the food industry: a scoping review

Abstract

Passion fruit is one of the tropical fruits widely consumed and used in the fruit processing industry, resulting in large amounts of waste which may cause negative impacts on the environment, economy, and society. The present review aimed to identify bioactive compounds that can be extracted from passion fruit wastes, the extraction methods and conditions to obtain maximum bioactive compounds and determine their applications in the food industry. Different studies have extracted bioactive compounds such as dietary fibre, phenolic compounds, seed oil, natural colourants, and enzymes from passion fruit wastes. Green extraction techniques are suggested to extract the bioactive compounds from the passion fruit wastes due to the high yield, energy effectiveness, and environment friendly. Besides, the extracted bioactive compounds have potential to serve as raw ingredients, food additives, and food packaging in the food industry. Overall, this review provides insight into the transformation of passion fruit waste into valuable products via various extraction methods to reduce the negative impacts of the waste.