Waste Management Law Research Articles

Factors determining the public receptivity regarding waste sorting: a case study in Surabaya city, Indonesia

Waste sorting at the source has been enforced by the Government of Indonesia since the implementation of the Waste Management Law No. 18 Year 2008. However, waste sorting is still not a popular practice in households. We present the findings of a survey conducted for 900 households’ receptivity regarding waste sorting at the source. A logistic regression model allowed us to examine the socio-economic characteristics determining the public receptivity regarding waste sorting at the source. The results show that household heads’ years of education, family members, current sorting practices and understanding of sorting obligations, are the factors determining the public receptivity regarding waste sorting at the source. Moreover, we also assessed the main reasons why households have not practiced waste sorting at the source yet. The three main reasons are mixed collection and transport (26%), lack of sorting facilities (23%), and lack of time (22%). The findings provide useful insight for the local government in developing mechanisms for the implementation of waste sorting at the source on larger scales as a part of the waste reduction program.

Waste management law and policy: global trends and European Union experience

Waste management law and policy: global trends and European Union experience

Dental waste management among dentists of Bandar Abbas, Iran

This study investigates dentists' knowledge and practiced dental waste management in public and private dental clinics and dental offices in Bandar Abbas. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 133 dentists from 124 private dental offices, five government dental clinics, and four private dental clinics in Bandar Abbas. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of 40 questions based on dental knowledge and practices was prepared. The results revealed that only 12.0% of dentists knew about the correct container color for the disposal of human anatomical wastes that is a yellow trash bin. The trash bin was the method of disposal by the majority of dentists for disposal of x-ray film lead foils (52.6%), orthodontic wires (48.9%), and outdated drugs (60.2%). The chemicals used in dentistry and amalgams were mostly poured into the municipal sewage system. It is concluded that dentists, in general, did not have much awareness about dental waste management in Bandar Abbas. Also, most of their performance on waste disposal was not up to the standards. Implementing waste management laws requires constant monitoring and timely training. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive system of health care waste management, as in other developed countries, in Iran.

Waste management system in Romania – status and development for bioeconomy

The waste management strategies released and applied in EU countries endeavor to achieve the improvement of natural resources use and efficiency towards reducing the air, water and soil pollution due to improper waste disposal or treatment. This paper is a blueprint on waste generation and waste management Policies, Laws and strategies existing in Romania compared to EU countries. According to Directive 2008/98/EC Waste, is defined as “any substance or object which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard”. One of the main principles of waste management strategies is to be able to process the waste generated towards reaching as up as possible the Waste Management Hierarchy. From the circular economy concept point of view, the incorrect treatment of waste is representing an important loss of resources, both in raw materials and energy and therefore recycling and reuse should reach a superior level every year.

Biosafety - Public Health and Veterinary Waste Management: A Case Study in Veterinary Clinics in Kermanshah. Iran

BACKGROUND: The harmful, dangerous essence of the veterinary waste of hospitals, clinics and labora- tories and the consequences of their inconsistent management, such as problems caused by lack of planning in separating, storing, collecting, transporting and disposing of them, causes many environmental and health problems. On the other hand, according to clause 11 and 2 of the Special Waste Management Law of the Environment Protection Organization (E.P.O) and the Ministry of Health of Iran, the waste of veterinary clinics isalso hazardous waste due to the presence of a variety of microorganisms harmful to humans and animals (such as anthrax & brucellosis, etc.). OBJECTIVES: The guidelines and checklist of the Environment & World Health Organization (WHO) were used in order to increase awareness of the management of the waste from veterinary centers. METHODS: The answers to the questions were completed by the direct referral of the researcher to 6 pub- lic and private veterinary centers. Statistical evaluation was analyzed using SPSS Version 22. RESUTLS: The results showed that although veterinary waste management in clinics and government laboratories is relatively more favorable than private veterinary clinics, it is far from world health standards. CONCLUSIONS: Application of rules and guidelines, increasing the level of knowledge and staff training at all levels, and continuous monitoring of the collection, transportation and disposal of veterinary waste are necessary.

Application of multi-criteria-decision approach for the analysis of medical waste management systems in Myanmar

Health-care services inevitably create medical waste that may become hazardous to public health and the environment. Nonetheless, a comprehensive and standardized evaluation framework to assess the status of medical waste management is currently lacking. This research developed a novel healthcare Waste Management evaluation framework based upon the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on the safe management of waste from health-care activities. The developed framework was then applied to 8 selected private and public hospitals in Myanmar to evaluate their medical waste management practices. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques were used to model the framework for the hospital waste management evaluation criteria. Structured questionnaires, observation checklists, and interviews were conducted to collect data from highly qualified healthcare personnel from Myanmar. The investigation evidenced that all the selected hospitals segregate medical wastes. However, disposal mostly involved open burning, incineration, and uncontrolled dumping. Deficiencies were also found in waste collection, storage, and transportation due to a serious lack of both onsite and offsite treatment facilities, especially for government hospitals. While basic awareness of healthcare staff about the risk and safe handling of medical waste was relatively high, the dissemination and enforcement of technical guidelines and regular monitoring of compliance were major concerns. This research highlights an urgent need for specific medical waste management laws and regulations, technologies, expert knowledge and funding to improve healthcare waste management in Myanmar.

Waste Management Laws in India: Plastic & Biomedical Wastes

The researcher studies the waste management laws especially the ones that deal with plastic and bio-medical wastes adopted by India as well as successful practices in other jurisdictions. This is aimed at providing sustainable alternatives for proper disposal of these wastes. This is accompanied by examination of relevant judicial decisions. Since there are a plethora of policies, cases and laws, some of which have lapsed, the paper focuses upon certain select policies, laws and rules which are currently being implemented or are proposed to be implemented in the near future.

Resilient remediation: Addressing extreme weather and climate change, creating community value

AbstractRecent devastating hurricanes demonstrated that extreme weather and climate change can jeopardize contaminated land remediation and harm public health and the environment. Since early 2016, the Sustainable Remediation Forum (SURF) has led research and organized knowledge exchanges to examine (1) the impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on hazardous waste sites, and (2) how we can mitigate these impacts and create value for communities. The SURF team found that climate change and extreme weather events can undermine the effectiveness of the approved site remediation, and can also affect contaminant toxicity, exposure, organism sensitivity, fate and transport, long‐term operations, management, and stewardship of remediation sites. Further, failure to consider social vulnerability to climate change could compromise remediation and adaptation strategies. SURF's recommendations for resilient remediation build on resources and drivers from state, national, and international sources, and marry the practices of sustainable remediation and climate change adaptation. They outline both general principles and site‐specific protocols and provide global examples of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Opportunities for synergy include vulnerability assessments that benefit and build on established hazardous waste management law, policy, and practices. SURF's recommendations can guide owners and project managers in developing a site resiliency strategy. Resilient remediation can help expedite cleanup and redevelopment, decrease public health risks, and create jobs, parks, wetlands, and resilient energy sources. Resilient remediation and redevelopment can also positively contribute to achieving international goals for sustainable land management, climate action, clean energy, and sustainable cities.

TEMPAT PENGOLAHAN SAMPAH TERPADU (TPST) URGENSI DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA

TPA is the main priority in handling municipal solid waste in Indonesia, with many problems and challenges. TPST is one of other alternatives in handling solid waste in accordance with Solid Waste Management Law No. 18 year 2008, therefore it has an important role in reducing heavy burden of TPA. Activities that can be done in TPST are collecting, sorting, re-using, re-cycling, treatment of fi nal processing, either for organic solid waste or for inorganic solid waste. However, based on characteristic of municipal waste, it’s better the stressing activities are pointed to organic solid waste treatment that make composting as the main alternative activity. Government support and help are much needed in order that TPST activity can be optimally done.Keywords : municipal solid waste, integrated treatment facility, composting

Social Factors & Waste Disposal Practices among Residents of Akungba Akoko, Ondo State

<p><em>The increasing numerical strength of the people inhabiting Akungba Akoko community due to the influx of staff and students’ population, occasioned by the citing of the State University in the community, is directly proportional to the increasing volume of solid waste generated from human activities. This raises concerns about the effectiveness of the waste management strategies put in place public and private institutions to ensure appropriate disposal because if its implication on the human's health and wellness. This study examined some social factors influencing of waste disposal practices among residents of Akungba</em><em>-</em><em>Akoko, Ondo State Nigeria. A double-staged random sampling was adopted to select the respondents in a dual process. Akungba was stratified into three zones (A, B &C) on the basis of core-cultural characteristics of the residents, using the Stratified Random Sampling. Zone A consists of residential areas accommodating the State University Students, Zone B consists of the areas where there are mixtures of both students and indigenes while Zone C consists of areas of high concentration of pure indigenous settlers. Simple Random Sampling Technique was then used to select 55 respondents from each of the zones making a total of 165 respondents for the entire study. The instrument, a structured questionnaire, titled Social factors & Waste Disposal Practices (SDWDPs) which contained both open and closed ended questions on Waste Disposal Practices was used to elicit data from the selected respondents. The instrument was validated through a pre-test survey, and a reliability co-efficient of 0.98 was achieved using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and were presented using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. Respondents' Level of Education, Pattern and Status of Residence and Age of respondents influenced the nature and pattern of waste disposal practices. The need to enforce relevant Waste Management Laws, in addition to engaging in a more enlightenment campaign on healthy waste disposal practices is recommended among others, towards the prevention of morbidity arising from poor management of wastes.</em></p>

MEDICAL WASTE IN PAKISTAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

Medical Waste produced by health care activities including a wide range of materials, from used syringes and needles to soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, body parts, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, blood, medical devices and radioactive materials. In most developing countries, proper waste management system does not exist. In Pakistan, Government hospitals, no special techniques for waste handling, and due to lack of awareness, hospital staff normally treats all solid wastes carelessly. The present study is to determine the frequency of attitudes and practices of hospital waste management and environmental laws. The study was conducted in the Multan from August, 2016 to September, 2016. The sample was consisted of 100 hospital staff including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and class IV employees through convenience sampling. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. The study concluded that that in spite of all these laws and rules, the implementations, regulation and compliance still low have serious concerns for the environmental and public health due to unawareness, lack of strict hospital management and regular monitoring. There is gap between theory, rules, laws and its practices.

Indonesia municiple solid waste life cycle and environmental monitoring: current situation, before and future challenges

Indonesia municiple solid waste life cycle and environmental monitoring: current situation, before and future challenges

Management of reverse logistics supply chains in construction projects

Abstract The paper discusses reverse logistics of construction products and materials during repair and demolishing works. In search of effective demolishing waste management methods the following options are considered in order of priority: reusing, resale, repairing, refurbishing, or other methods, ending with energy recovery, and finally disposal. All these methods are related to planning and organizing supply chains, which here are called reverse supply chains, encompassing physical flows of waste and accompanying information. Detailed examples which occur in logistics of such projects are discussed using an example. Disposal costs and increasingly rigorous waste management laws encourage effective waste management. The research and analyses indicate that launching reverse supply chains within a project has a significant added value for a business.

Chemical elimination of the harmful properties of asbestos from military facilities

This work presents research on the neutralization of asbestos banned from military use and its conversion to usable products. The studies showed that asbestos can be decomposed by the use of phosphoric acid. The process proved very effective when the phosphoric acid concentration was 30%, the temperature was 90°C and the reaction time 60min. Contrary to the common asbestos treatment method that consists of landfilling, the proposed process ensures elimination of the harmful properties of this waste material and its transformation into inert substances. The obtained products include calcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate and silica. Chemical, microscopic and X-ray analyses proved that the products are free of harmful fibers and can be, in particular, utilized for fertilizers production. The obtained results may contribute to development of an asbestos utilization technique that fits well into the European waste policy, regulated by the EU waste management law.

Sprawozdanie z konferencji „Aktualne problemy prawa gospodarowania odpadami”, Katowice, dnia 5 maja 2015 roku

On 5th May 2015 at the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Silesia in Katowice a nationwide conference on “Current problems of waste management law”, organized by the Students’ Scientific Association of the Environmental Law at the Faculty of Law and Administration at the University of Silesia, was held. The aim of the conference was to draw attention to current problems in applying waste management regulations while taking into account specific requirements of technology and law protection, which constitute their background.

The Role of the Waste Management Law and Promotion of Appropriate Waste Disposal

The Role of the Waste Management Law and Promotion of Appropriate Waste Disposal

Sustainability: The Effectiveness of Waste Management Laws in South Africa

Sustainability: The Effectiveness of Waste Management Laws in South Africa

Past, present and future of waste management in Korea

In the history of waste management in Korea, systematic and integrated management started in the middle of the 1980s with the establishment of the Waste Management Law. By enforcing several specialized, discrete acts under this basic law and imposing extended producer responsibility as well as a volume-based garbage rate system based on the concept of polluter payment, waste management has become more effective for both general household waste and industrial hazardous/massive waste. The management mainly involves not only a reduction in waste generation, but also appropriate treatment and maximum recycling of the waste. Recent policy trends have focused on converting wastes into resources, and these have led to the implementation of “waste to energy and resources” and a “sustainable and circulation society” in the present and future plans for waste management. A new law called “Promotion Law for Achieving a Resource Circulation Society” meant to replace the basic law and to create a platform of resource circulation, is currently under review. This law integrates all the existing laws and acts to utilize waste more efficiently as a resource, and it has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of wastes landfilled. Details of the history and background of previous waste management efforts, recent movements and current status, and future pathways for achieving a resource circulation society are introduced. This could promote the establishment of a zero waste society and also extend the life of waste landfill facilities in Korea.

Instrumenty prawne reglamentacji w gospodarce odpadami

In the waste management law the regulation appears as a combination of legal instruments providing the right waste management in accordance with requirements of the environmental law. Within this scope, the regulation means, among other things, the enforcement of imposed obligations of legal subjects participating in waste management. The regulation comes down to the organization of methods regarding waste management by public authorities. The aim of the regulation is to achieve a stable state of waste management by using legal instruments, such as permissions and permits. The main function of all legal instruments of the regulation should be waste prevention. The accomplishment of the preventive function of legal instruments in waste management should be also a result of a complex approach to waste management which takes into account a big waste reduction.

산업공정에서 불산누출로 오염된 가연성 폐기물의 분석방법 연구

불화수소는 유리의 식각, 금속의 녹 제거 등 산업계에서 많이 사용되는 대표적인 무기산이며 노출 시 눈, 코, 목안을 강하게 자극하고, 흡입 시 폐렴, 폐수종 기관지염을 일으키는 대표적인 유독물질에 해당하는 화학물질로 구분되어 있다. 현행 폐기물공정시험기준에는 불소화합물에 대한 함량분석방법이 마련되어 있지 않아 최근 발생된 불화수소 누출사고로 발생된 불산에 오염된 농작물, 수목 등 가연성 폐기물의 신속하고 안전한 처리방법 마련에 어려움을 겪었다. 본 연구에서는 불화수소 누출사고로 발생된 가연성 폐기물(농작물, 수목 등) 중 불소 및 불소화합물의 함량분석방법 마련을 통해 폐기물의 불산 오염여부를 판단하고 적절한 폐기물 처리방법을 제시하고, 향후 이 방법을 폐기물 관리법상에 지정폐기물에 함유된 유해물질로 불소 및 불소화합물에 대한 항목 추가 시 폐기물공정시험기준으로 활용하고자 한다. Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a typical inorganic acid, has been used in the industry for its various usage and classified as the toxic compound, because it can cause the pneumonia and pulmonary edema when it was exposed to respiratory organs. The official environmental analytical method for fluorine and its compound in waste has not been developed. For this reason, we have faced some problem to treat the contaminated wastes by the HF leakage from industrial process. In this study, prepared for analytical method for combustible waste (crop, trees, etc.) generated from HF leaking accident and to be applied as the official analytical method for fluorine contaminated waste when the fluorine and its compound will be regulated as a hazardous material by the waste management law later.