Waste In Construction Industry Research Articles

A comprehensive study on utilization of shell wastes in construction industry

Concrete technology is now focused on acquiring supportable materials for concrete for countering dependency on natural resources. Some of the ingredients employed to make green-concrete usually comes from industrial byproducts. To lessen reliance on virgin resources, attempts have been made to integrate by-products and wastes into concrete. Seashell garbage, such as oyster scallop, and mussel shells are abundant in some areas and is typically abandoned or landfilled with little re-use value. This research highlights prior studies on the seashell trash as a replacement for traditional resources in concrete and correlated products. The features of various forms of shell trash are explored, as well as the implications of putting shells into concrete. Because of the high concentration of calcium oxide in the trash, the material properties indicate that it is inert. However, adequate handling, such as high temperature and crushing to produce fineness, is preferable. Both cement and aggregate can be replaced with seashell trash. The key concern is its durability, as well as its real contribution to cement. According to the analysis, only up to 20% of shell waste may be utilised for concrete building.

An Experimental Investigation On Strength Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement and Coarse Aggregate by Silica Fume and Recycled Aggregate

Construction-Demolition waste is the major part of solid waste, which contributes almost 30% of solid waste every year and creates lot of environmental issues. Now a days building material crisis in construction industry also increasing every year. Use of Construction-Demolition waste in construction industry would be the sustainable solution for this problem. Use of C&D waste in concrete have so many advantages in construction industry and also solve lot of environmental problems and also increase the economic contribution of construction industry in countries development. Use of C&D waste in concrete would lead to eco-friendly concrete with sustainable development. The main moto of the present project is to use Construction demolition waste-Recycled aggregates in concrete without compromising the properties of concrete. The physical properties such as specific gravity, water absorption and sieve analysis of construction demolition waste-Recycled aggregates and natural aggregates are investigated and the natural aggregates are replaced by Construction demolition waste-Recycled aggregates in concrete in different proportions (i.e., 0%, 20%, 40% ,60%,80% and 100%). The properties of hardened concrete such as compressive strength, split-tensile strength, flexural strength and Non-destructive tests (Rebound Hammer, Ultrasonic Pulse velocity test) is investigated and compared with the conventional control concrete. The results are concluded that the strength properties of concrete won’t affected up to 40% replacement of Construction demolition waste Recycled aggregates.

Utilization of plastic waste in construction industry in India – A review

Globally, 8,300 million tons of virgin plastics had been manufactured as of 2017. Only approximately 9% of material is recycled, and only about 12% is burned, leaving 79% to end up in landfills or the environment. According to “2018 Down to Earth” research, India consumes approximately 16.5 million tons. Additionally, the industry association FICCI reports that 43% of the plastics used in India are single-use plastics and are utilized in packaging. As a result, over 80% of India's entire plastic production is wasted. Some of it either gets burned, which pollutes the air, goes to landfills, or clogs sewers. Animals who consume plastic bags, etc. suffocate. Plastics found in fields inhibit germination and stop moisture from penetrating the soil. Numerous studies and researches have been conducted to find solutions to the mounting issue of disposing of plastic garbage. Some countries have improved technologies to use recycled waste plastic, but in India the plastic waste disposal is a big problem. The current account of potential use of plastic waste in the construction industry is lacking in the literature. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of types of plastic and its use in concrete in varying proportions. The review reflects that the reuse of plastic waste is very less as compared to generation of plastic waste. While every industry is trying to minimize the use of plastic, some industries have come forward to research more into waste plastic use in their products for sustainable development. Using plastic to build roads is one potential solution that has gained traction in recent years. In addition to increasing environmental sustainability, highways made of plastic are shown to be more reliable and economical. Because both plastic and bitumen are made of petroleum, they adhere to one another well. The combination lengthens the road's lifespan and increases its capacity to support weight. Additionally, the roads exhibit increased resistance to rain damage. In India almost 1 lakh roads have been built till now to help thousand tons of plastic to be used efficiently. Use of plastic waste replacing natural aggregates in concrete and plastic waste co– processing in cement kiln have also showed a huge scope of plastic waste management in construction study. The review presented in this paper is bound to highlight the impending problem of plastic waste for the researchers to come forward with innovative solutions of minimizing and recycling with practical feasibility.

Behavior of reactive powder concrete containing recycled glass powder reinforced by steel fiber

AbstractEnvironmental sustainability is described as one that avoids the depletion or deterioration of natural resources, while also allowing for the preservation of long-term environmental quality. By practicing environmental sustainability, we may assist to guarantee that the requirements of today’s population are satisfied without risking the capacity of future generations to meet their own needs in the future. Engineers in the field of concrete production are becoming increasingly interested in sustainable development, which includes the utilization of the locally available materials in addition to using the agricultural and industrial waste in construction industry as one of the possible solutions to the environmental and economic issues. This study investigated the effect of partial substitution of cement with recycled glass powder (0, 15, 20, and 25%) by weight of cement at various ages (on compressive strength) after determining the optimal ratio of replacement. This optimal ratio is used to study its effect on some mechanical properties (such as flexural strength, absorption, and dry density) of reactive powder concrete containing 1% micro steel fiber (SRPC), and furthermore, utilizing steam curing for 5 h at 90°C after hardening the sample directly. Reactive powder concrete (RPC) has been designed with the use of the local cement, silica fume, and super plasticizer with a water/cement ratio of 0.20 in order to achieve a compressive strength of 137.09 MPa at the age of 28 days. When recycled glass powder replacement (20%) was utilized, the findings revealed that the compressive strength of RPC improved by 4.2%, the flexural strength increased by 15.3%, the dry density increased by 0.61%, and the absorption was reduced by 32% at 28 days after the test results were compared to the reference mix.

Evaluation and optimization of lean waste in construction industry

Evaluation and optimization of lean waste in construction industry

Recycled Plastic as an Aggregate in Concrete

Developing countries are suffering from the negative effect of accumulating local wastes and garbage, in which it increases the level of pollution, affects the public health and increases the percentage of epidemic [4]. Plastic waste often ends up in landfills or oceans for it is non-biodegradable and attempts to destroy it only result in more pollution. Repurposing of plastic waste into the construction industry is a way to decrease the amount of plastic waste, while simultaneously, limiting the over-dredging of sand and other natural materials. This research used experimental method to measure the effect of integrating plastic wastes in construction industry by reusing these plastic wastes and turning it into a useful cheap building material. The partial containment of repurposed plastics as aggregate in concrete mix is tested by experimenting the properties that arise when different percentages of plastic aggregate are used in a concrete mixture. The experimental program replaces cement with plastic at different percentages and the experiment revealed that replacing 10% of cement with plastic presents the better results as stated in this article. The specimens are tested and compared with a control specimen of 0% plastic in terms of compressive strength, unit weight and percentage of cracks. The results show that repurposed plastic aggregate in a certain percentage has no significant difference in the quality of the concrete. Therefore, polices mandating segregation and sorting of wastes for recycling and repurposing intentions should be issued so as to aid the use of these materials in more than one field, thus, saving the ecosystem.

Microstructural and engineering properties investigation of sustainable hybrid concrete produced from industrial wastes

The wastes generated from manufacturing industry are increasing at an alarming rate and causing severe threats to our environment’s sustainability. However, the strategic utilization of industrial waste in construction industry has the potential to solve the problems of waste disposal, unsystematic landfills and it may also reduce the demand for natural resource like river sand. Therefore, this study proposes the novel and sustainable method of concrete production from industrial wastes like coal bottom ash and marble dust. In the present experimental investigation the fine aggregate used for concrete production is fractionally replaced by coal bottom ash and marble dust at 10%, 20% and 30% separately, in the initial stages. Further, a sustainable hybrid concrete is prepared containing coal bottom ash and marble dust together by replacing fine aggregate in the same percentages having equal proportions. The test results shows that the compressive strength is maximum at 20% replacement of marble dust and bottom ash, with fine aggregate, when done individually; whereas in hybrid concrete when prepared with 30% replacement of fine aggregate attains highest 28 days compressive strength of 43.9 ​MPa which is 16.75% higher than control mix. This improved strength is attributed to strength compounds, observed in microstructural investigation, like Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and Calcium aluminate-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) formed in hybrid specimen, prepared in conjunction with silica fume.

Effect of waste electronic plastic and silica fume on mechanical properties and thermal performance of concrete

Production of plastic and the resulting plastic waste is on the rise due to the rapid increase in population and urbanization. In this context, studies investigating the recycling and reuse of plastic waste in construction industry provides an avenue to reduce adverse environmental impacts of waste plastic and to save natural resources. This research work investigates the use of plastic fine aggregate (PFA) manufactured from electronic waste as a replacement of natural fine aggregate in concrete. Concrete mixes with 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of natural sand with PFA are prepared and tested. Fresh properties are studied based on workability and density while mechanical properties are studied based on compressive strength, split tensile strength, stress–strain behavior, Poisson’s ratio, and lateral-to-axial strain ratio. The results revealed that manufactured PFA improves the workability of concrete but as expected, the compressive and tensile strength was reduced significantly. To improve the strength properties, silica fume (SF) is incorporated in the concrete mix as a replacement of cement with same replacement percentage as for PFA. Addition of silica fume minimized the effects of plastic aggregate on strength properties with compressive and tensile strength of concrete showing a reduction of only 4.7% and 1.1%, respectively, for maximum replacement of plastic aggregate and silica fume. Indoor and outdoor thermal performance tests showed that concrete with 20% replacement percentage of PFA and silica fume exhibits better thermal performance with an average reduction of 8% in the thermal conductivity. Results from thermogravimetric analysis showed an increased loss of mass at around 300 °C to 480 °C in addition to the usual weight loss that concrete exhibits from 600 to 800 °C. Overall results suggest that plastic aggregate can be utilized as a natural fine aggregate replacement to produce eco-friendly concrete with comparable strength properties and improved thermal properties.

Investigating the Economic and Environmental Effect of Integrating Sugarcane Bagasse (SCB) Fibers in Cement Bricks

The accumulation of organic waste is one of the most serious problems facing developing countries. Developing countries getting rid of their wastes by dumping them in the waste landfill and this effect negatively the environment. Moreover, these wastes attract a lot of insects which thread the public health and cause many diseases. This research intended to merge the organic wastes into construction industry and turn it into a useful cheap building material. In an attempt to reduce the initial costs of building materials, sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was used as an additive in the structural brick industry. This study aims to develop cheap building bricks from integrating sugarcane bagasse (SCB) with cement brick mixture to achieve environmental, social and economic sustainability factors by reducing the black cloud and hence its effect on human health. Removing sugarcane bagasse (SCB) that produced from juice shops in Egyptian streets, affect the visual image of the street as well as the quality of Egyptians life. Moreover, integrating wastes in construction industry will improve street appearance and improves environmental conditions by reducing local climate pollution (carbon dioxide emissions and black clouds). The research used experimental method to measure the structural properties of the new cement brick that is integrated with SCB. The results revelled that replacing cement with 1.5% sugarcane bagasse content, will preserve the structural performance of the bricks with respect to ductility and higher strength. In addition, the proposed integration will reduce the initial cost of building materials and this action will affect the price of the Egyptian real estate market.

Lean Construction in a Real Estate Project – A Case Study

More than 70% of construction projects are over budget and delivered beyond thebudgeted time. To overcome the same, the concept of lean integrated project deliverycame into existence. Lean culture focuses on customer by empowering employees. Itinvolves in converting waste into value by reducing waste, improving communication, andpromoting teamwork integration through a common set of tools and techniques. Aim oflean construction is to achieve the affordable cost with optimum utilization of man,material and machinery. Wastes in construction industry which do not add value are supplyin excess materials in inventory for raw material, work in progress, finished goods etc.Waiting for preceding activity, over processing and defects can be reduced through leanconstruction. This paper deals with lean construction techniques for identifying the wastein a construction project and eliminating the same. . In this project estimation of a buildingis done to find cost of the project with respect to specifications and compared thetraditional methods used and lean construction techniques to reduce the cost and improvethe quality in less time with lower cost to satisfy the customer.

An investigational study on properties of concrete produced with industrial waste red mud

Abstract The requirements for leading a proficient life is challenging for the rapid development of industries and they partially fulfil their tasks since many factors are not overcome by them successfully and one of that is safe disposal and utilization of waste generating at the end. All countries produces an enormous amount of different types of waste materials as by products from different sectors like industrial, agricultural etc. These waste materials if not deposited safely it may be hazardous. Also it is seen that for manufacturing of cement required huge amount of energy, causes releasing of huge CO2 in atmosphere resulting formation of environmental problems. So it is very important to use of industrial waste in construction industry especially for replacement of the cement in some proportion. Intension of this study is to inspect the performance of concrete by substituting cement by red mud. In this work, cement was partly replaced by red mud (RM) in different percentages (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18% and 20%), with 0.44 water cement (W.C) ratio with reference of Indian standard (IS) 10262:2019 guidelines, M30 grade concrete were prepared. Flow properties and strength properties like flexural, compressive, split tensile strength and chloride permeability tests were tested for 28 days on concrete with various mix proportions and test results were correlate with results of reference concrete. The study reveals that, partly replacing of 12% factory cement by red mud (RM) yields maximum strength, superior chloride permeability with better micro structure than conventional concrete.

Lean Waste in Construction Industry

The construction industry is the most important factor to develop a powerful impact in economic growth all over the world. In construction, there are several activities which create a waste. Those activities will not increase the profit of the whole projects. So, the lean construction tools can reduce the construction waste at any stages of project. Reducing the wastage will improve the project execution, provide value for customers and positive results on the national economy.

A critical literature review on reuse and recycling of construction waste in construction industry

Development squander material is a significant issues of development field. This paper says that, detailed study on literatures, list of materials used, reuse of materials, sources of wastes and the places where the materials can be reused. Finally, comparison of percentage on waste materials (Standard waste and Actual waste at site through interview), Table for the sources and reuse of waste as per literature study, suggestion have been given to reuse the waste and suggestion given to manage the materials.

Solidification and Stabilization (S/S) of Toxic Waste: Potential Binder for Partial Cement Replacement Materials (PCRM)

Solidification and stabilization (S/S) in toxic waste treatment has been used widely in transform waste into sustainable construction materials. However, some parties is just using this treatment method in modify the toxic waste into a non-toxic form for its suitability in landfill. This action should not occur as proper waste management, should include both ‘treat’; reduce toxicity (e.g: immobilize contaminants) and ‘control’; reduce amount of waste generation (e.g: recycle). The perspective of ‘dump is cheaper than recycle’ has closed the eyes of the parties on the mesmerizing effect of S/S method in develop a sustainable construction masterials. Based on the past research, this happened due to the inability of the solidified waste to meet the construction materials requirements. Strength reduction and existence of toxic elements in leachate have been identified as the main factors that limit the application of solidified waste in construction industry. Nevertheless, the issue can be mitigate by using a proper binder to immobilize and encapsulate the toxic waste. Thus, this study aims to mitigate the issue by proposing a few binders that promotes high quality and sustainability to improve the S/S product. From the analysis, selection of binder relies on the chemical (e.g; high silica content) and physical (e.g; size) composition of the materials. Hence, pozzolanic materials have been chosen as usage of additional pozzolanic materials as partial cement replacement materials is promising in increase the strength of solidified waste and reduce its porosity. The pozzolanic materials mentioned in this study are industrial waste in approach to promote sustainability. Consequently, this study recommended the combination of pre-treatment such as thermal treatment, in reduce toxicity of toxic waste before S/S process to tackle the leachant or leachate issue and further adding pozzolanic materials for further strength development.

Utilization of Coir Pith for the Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil

Expansive soil deposits mostly appear in arid and semi-arid areas of the world and they pose severe difficulties to engineering constructions as they possess higher tendency to heave in the course of moist season and shrink at summer season. Construction in such highly expansive strata can be done by adopting ground modification techniques like soil stabilization, Vertical drains, inducing reinforcement in to soil etc., On the other hand with rapid industrial growth more quantity of industrial waste will be generated which will trigger several environmental issues when it is dumped in to environment. Utilization of industrial waste in construction industry without compromising in strength criteria is the best possible option for the engineers as the waste is used as construction material there will be no need for dumping yards, biodiversities can be protected, strength properties of the soil can be enhanced and hydraulic properties can also be modified by treating soil with industrial wastes. As the river sand can be partially replaced by some of the industrial wastes requirement for natural sand can be reduced which will not only economise the construction cost but also preserves the natural resources. The present study was carried out to assess the behaviour of coir pith treated black cotton soils. Due to increase in the natural fibres in many industries the waste produced from the coir industry is increasing, if proper care is not taken these waste may create severe effects on environment .To avoid disposal of this waste directly into environment it is better to use the waste in construction industry is a better option. But before adopting such practices proper studies are to be done to check whether these materials are suitable for treating the soils are not .In the present study by adding various proportions of coir pith Swell, strength characteristics of soil where compared for obtaining the optimum Replacement percentage.

Metallurgical Waste in Construction Industry

The paper discusses a negative effect of metallurgical waste on the ecosystem, costs and benefits of a potential use of solid metallurgical waste products in production of building materials with the purpose to reduce their harmful effect on the environment and preserve nonrenewable natural resources. The most usable products a component of which is metallurgical waste, such as slag concrete and blocks, as well as break stone are compared with products made of natural raw materials. The most appropriate application fields with the minimal harm to human health and nature are recommended.

Role of Agricultural Wastes in Construction Industry

Role of Agricultural Wastes in Construction Industry

Utilization of alternative sand for preparation of sustainable mortar: A review

Abstract The rapid urbanization and industrialization in last few decades has led to depletion of the construction materials like sand and accumulation of industrial wastes. The detrimental effect of excessive dredging of sand from river beds on environment and unavailability of land for disposal of industrial wastes has forced the researchers to search for other feasible alternative. Recycling of industrial wastes in construction industry can be a promising approach for sustainable growth. On one side it helps in reducing the sand demand and on another other side provides eco-friendly method for waste disposal. Different researchers have investigated the feasibility of using industrial wastes as replacement to natural sand in mortar, termed as “Alternative Sand”. This paper first presents the comprehensive overview of physical, chemical, mineralogical and morphological characterization of the alternative sands which is followed by critical appraisal on the fresh, hardened and durability properties of alternative sand mortars. This study reviewed the alternative sands like coal bottom ash, crushed rock sand, copper slag, foundry sand and recycled fine aggregate. The paper ends with discussion outlining the challenges and direction for further research. The scientific value of the paper was to provide the substantial base of knowledge and scientific view for future studies and development of standards for conventional application of alternative sand mortar.

A material and component bank to facilitate material recycling and component reuse for a sustainable construction: concept and preliminary study

This paper concerns the reusable components and recycled materials from demounted structures which may draw a large amount of waste in construction industry. By a series of literature review and analyses, a material and component bank was proposed to manage more effectively the recycling of materials and direct reuse of components even of whole components obtained from old structures to facilitate a more sustainable construction industry. The concept, main businesses, and work operation of the bank were illustrated in detail including its potential management method and supply chain. The relationship between the bank and current building information modeling, design for deconstruction, supply chain, and life cycle assessment based on the bank were then analyzed in detail. It can be concluded that the bank could pave the way for effectively performing a further and repaid reuse of components and perfecting current recycling of materials to contribute a more sustainable built environment from the view of various terms mentioned in this study. The bank also can link with current method of life cycle assessment or environmental impact assessment well, which all can promote the construction sustainability indicating the bank can be integrated into current construction industry easily for the future.

Technological processes of reusing crushed concrete in the demolition of buildings in construction

The paper is dedicated to waste processing management in waste processing technology. Processing of scrap concrete waste, similar in composition and condition to traditional raw materials, is economically and ecologically feasible. Secondary crushed stone obtained by crushing scrap of reinforced concrete panels in demolished five-storey apartment blocks of the first phase was studied. It is shown that concrete with scrap concrete waste shows strength properties similar to primary concrete and helps organize waste-free production. The methods of recycled waste usage, especially usage of secondary crushed stone made of crushed concrete scrap, are becoming ever more relevant with every passing year. Imported concrete aggregate volumes can be reduced by 15-30% due to usage of secondary crushed stone. Consideration of industrial waste problem and methods of solving this problem by using waste in construction industry, including secondary crushed stone made of crushed concrete scrap, is made. Annually, about 11.5 million tons of construction waste is generated in Moscow. The use of industrial waste similar in terms of composition and condition of traditional raw materials unquestionable from economic and environmental point of view. This study showed that concrete using fine granulated blast furnace slag as cement additives has higher initial strength characteristics.