Waste Food Oil Research Articles

OS3-5 バイオマス燃料ディーゼル機関の特性に関する研究 : 植物油原料のBDFを用いた場合(OS3 バイオマス・新燃料・環境技術,分散と集中の共存)

We experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, four stroke direct injection diesel engine operating on Mixed waste food oil methyl ester (Recycle BDF). The combustion characteristics, emissions such as NO_x, CO, HC, O_2, CO_2, smoke, particle size distribution and first stage durability test are compared with the case of JIS #2 gas oil. We found that (1) the NO_x emissions of Recycle BDF are slightly higher than gas oil in the almost load range. (2) CO and Smoke emissions of BDF fuels are lower than gas oil especially in the high load range. (3) PM emissions of Recycle BDF are 1/2 times its gas oil. (4) Smoke and PM concentrations of Recycle BDF are lower than gas oil at high load condition. (5) It is important to remove impurity of BDF such as soap, methanol and so on. (6) Also discussed are the usability of the Recycle BDF, as well as the validity of application to a treatment process of the waste food oil.

動植物油脂燃料ディーゼル機関の性能と排ガスの環境特性

The object of this study is to experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, four stroke cycle, direct-injection type diesel engine with no modifications operating on gas oil, waste vegetable oils, waste animal fat from restaurant grease and rice oil methyl ester. To prevent the clogging of the injection nozzle, gas oil was used as fuel before and after the experiment by tested fuels. The combustion characteristics and emissions such as specific energy consumption, ignition delay, concentra-tions of NOx, CO, THC, particulate matter PM and smoke opacity are compared with those of JIS # 2 gas oil. The measurement results showed that the vegetable oil and animal fat produced lower amount of CO, smoke and PM at high load condition. Specially, animal fat offers a measurable reduction in NOx concentration compared to JIS # 2 gas oil, while at the same time lowering, PM and smoke at high load condition. Also discussed are the usability of the fuel pre-heater to reduce the effect of the high viscosity of animal fat, as well as the validity of application to a treatment process of the waste food oil.

The scale of biomass production in Japan

Policymakers working to introduce and promote the use of bioenergy in Japan require detailed information on the scales of the different types of biomass resources generated. In this research, the first of its type in Japan, the investigators reviewed various statistical resources to quantify the scale distribution of forest residues, waste wood from manufacturing, waste wood from construction, cattle manure, sewage sludge, night soil, household garbage, and waste food oil. As a result, the scale of biomass generation in Japan was found to be relatively small, on the average is no more than several tons in dry weight per day.

OS3-01 動物油脂燃料ディーゼル機関の性能と排ガスの環境特性(OS3 バイオマス・新燃料・環境技術)

We experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a single cylinder, four stroke direct injection type diesel engine operating on gas oil, waste and new soybean oil, waste animal fet from restaurant grease and rice oil methyl ester (BDF).. The combustion characteristics and emissions such as NOx, CO, THC, O_2, CO_2, smoke opacity and particle size distribution of exhaust particulate are compared with data for the case of JIS #2 gas oil. Fuel consumption and indicator diagram in cylinder are measured. Based upon evaluation of engine performance and emissions, biomass based fuels especially animal fat appear to be renewable, ecologically, environmentally acceptable fuels for diesel engines at all load range. Also discussed are the usability of the waste food oil and methyl ester BDF as alternative fuel, as well as availability for a treatment processes of the waste food oil.

321 バイオマスリサイクル燃料ディーゼル機関の特性に関する研究 : 米ぬか油、混合廃食用油のメチルエステル化油(大気・水環境評価技術,大気・水保全技術)

We experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, four stroke direct injection diesel engine operating on Rice oil methyl ester (Rice oil BDF), Mixed waste food oil methyl ester (Recycle BDF), Recycle BDF adding 500wt ppm Ferrocene (Re-BDF+Fe) and adding 500wt ppm Cerium Mixed (Re-BDF+Ce). The combustion characteristics, emissions such as NOx, CO, HC, O_2, CO_2, smoke, particle size distribution and first stage durability test are compared with the case of JIS # 2 gas oil. We found that (1) the NOx emissions of Rice and Recycle BDF are slightly higher than gas oil in the almost load range. Though NOx emissions of BDF+Fe is as same as base fuel gas oil in the whole range. (2) CO and Smoke emissions of BDF fuels are lower than gas oil especially in the high load range. (3) PM emissions of Recycle BDF is 1/2 times its gas oil. In case of Re-BDF+Ce and Fe are higher than Recycle BDF.

04/01793 Utilization and future prospect of diesel fuel regenerated from waste food oil: Yamane, K. Gekkan Haikibutsu, 2003, 29, (2), 4–9. (In Japanese)

04/01793 Utilization and future prospect of diesel fuel regenerated from waste food oil: Yamane, K. Gekkan Haikibutsu, 2003, 29, (2), 4–9. (In Japanese)

わが国におけるバイオマス資源発生規模

Regarding bioenergy utilization in Japan, information on generation scale distribution of biomass resources is essential for development of a policy to introduce bioenergy. In this research, investigation based on various statistic resources was carried out first in Japan for the generation scale distribution of forest residues, manufacturer waste wood, cattle manure, construction waste wood, sewage sludge, night soil, house garbage, and waste food oil. As a result, it was found that the scale of the biomass generation in Japan is relatively small, usually being several tones per day in dry weight.

Exhaust emissions and performance of diesel engine operating on waste food-oil

Exhaust emissions and performance of diesel engine operating on waste food-oil

308 エマルジョン燃料ディーゼル機関の特性に関する研究 : 軽油/廃食用油の水乳化

We experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a four stroke direct injection diesel engine operating on water-fuel emulsions. Three types of water emulsified fuels of diesel fuel and biomass based fuels are produced after the suitable selection of emulsifier. The ratio of water to fuel oil was changed by volume from 0 to 30%. We use JIS # 2 diesel fuel, diesel fuel containing 50% volume waste food-oil (Blend 50), and soybean oil methyl ester (VDF) as tested fuels. The combustion characteristics and emissions such as NOx, CO, HC, HCHO, O_2,CO_2 and smoke are compared with the case of diesel fuel. We found that (i) the CO emissions of water-fuel emulsions are higher than diesel fuel especially in the low load range. (ii) the Nox emissions of water emulsified fuels are lower than diesel fuel in the almost load range, and smoke emissions of water-fuel emulsions is lower than diesel fuel. (iii) fuel consumptions of engine operating on water emulsified fuels are lower than original fuel in the whole engine operating range.

Exhaust Emissions and Performance of Diesel Engine Operating on Waste Food-Oil.

We experimentally evaluate a performance and exhaust emissions of a single-cylinder, fourstroke direct injection diesel engine operating on diesel fuel containing 50 and 60% volume waste food-oil(blended oil)and also a transesterified vegetable oil(TVO). The combustion characteristics and emissions such as NOx, CO, HC, HCHO and smoke are compared with data for the case of JIS #2 diesel fuel. We found that(i)the NOx emissions are similar for blended oil and TVO, though the NOx with diesel fuel is lower compared to blended oil. The HC and HCHO emissions are similar for all fuels at all load conditions, (ii)smoke emissions are lower with the waste food-oil and much lower with TVO compared to diesel fuel in the whole engine operating range, and (iii)carbon deposits on cylinder head are observed after 400 hours running. Also discussed are the usability of the blended oil and TVO as alternative fuel, as well as availability for a treatment process of the waste food-oil.

Oil Sorbency of Sorbents Prepared from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Plants.

Kenaf plants, which are annuals, grow rapidly, and have recently been spotlighted as new materials for paper making that will replace wood pulps from an environmental viewpoint. In order to enlarge the application of kenaf plants, oil sorbents were prepared from three kinds of kenaf (Qingpi No.3, Zhejiang No.1 and Everglades 41) which were cultivated in Fukuoka (latitude: 33°35′ N, longitude 130°23′ E, altitude: 2.5m) in 1998, and their sorbency of waste food oil was investigated.With regard to the defibrated fibers and holocellulose sorbents of kenaf and heated kenaf, the oil sorbency (12-33g/g) of the sorbents from kenaf bast fibers was greater than that (8-30g/g) of the sorbents from kenaf core fibers and the order of oil sorbency was Qingpi No.3>Everglades 41>Zhejiang No.1.The most efficient oil sorbents prepared from the kenaf plants in this study were the defibrated kenaf bast and core fibers heated at 300-350°C for 5 minutes on the ground with yields of 95-78% and 95-62%, respectively, and about a 25g/g oil sorbency, respectively. Furthermore, their oil sorbency and yield were greater than those (20g/g, 40-55%) of commercial sorbents made of cellulose pulps obtained from wood.The changes in the specific surface area and the functional groups of the heated kenaf, derived from the partial pyrolysis of the hemicellulose and cellulose of the kenaf fibers, were assumed to have contributed to their capacity to sorb waste food oil.

下水汚泥の高温好気処理法における熱収支に関する研究

The purpose of this study is to assess the biodegradation rate from the energy balance in the thermophilic oxic process, which is applied to treat the excess sludge, thickened sludge and dewatered sludge cake produced in the wastewater treatment plant. The readily degradable organic matter contained in the sludge was degraded firstly at the thermophilic oxic process according to the temperature curve, on which the temperature rises quickly at the test of sewage sludge added with waste food oil. From the energy budget, about 55-63% of heat produced from bioreaction was used to evaporate water ; around 23-30% of heat produced was used to prevent heat loss. The relationship between organic load and water content was certified, and the addition of energy source is important for the treatment of sewage sludge by the thermophilic oxic process. From the rates of the heat produced from bioreaction to the total calories of organic matter added in these tests, which were varied from 1.02, 1.07 and 0.60, respectively, it is clear that the excess sludge and thickened sludge were degraded more efficiently than dewatered sludge cake. The determination of energy balance could be used to assess the biodegradation rate of organic matter in the thermophilic oxic process.

The Treatment of Waste Food Oil by the Thermophilic Oxic Process

The Treatment of Waste Food Oil by the Thermophilic Oxic Process