Cassava Waste Research Articles

Biotechnological Strategies for Chitosan Production by Mucoralean Strains and Dimorphism Using Renewable Substrates.

We investigated the influence of corn steep liquor (CSL) and cassava waste water (CWW) as carbon and nitrogen sources on the morphology and production of biomass and chitosan by Mucor subtilissimus UCP 1262 and Lichtheimia hyalospora UCP 1266. The highest biomass yields of 4.832 g/L (M. subtilissimus UCP 1262) and 6.345 g/L (L. hyalospora UCP 1266) were produced in assay 2 (6% CSL and 4% CWW), factorial design 22, and also favored higher chitosan production (32.471 mg/g) for M. subtilissimus. The highest chitosan production (44.91 mg/g) by L. hyalospora (UCP 1266) was obtained at the central point (4% of CWW and 6% of CSL). The statistical analysis, the higher concentration of CSL, and lower concentration of CWW significantly contributed to the growth of the strains. The FTIR bands confirmed the deacetylation degree of 80.29% and 83.61% of the chitosan produced by M. subtilissimus (UCP 1262) and L. hyalospora (UCP 1266), respectively. M. subtilissimus (UCP 1262) showed dimorphism in assay 4–6% CSL and 8% CWW and central point. L. hyalospora (UCP 1266) was optimized using a central composite rotational design, and the highest yield of chitosan (63.18 mg/g) was obtained in medium containing 8.82% CSL and 7% CWW. The experimental data suggest that the use of CSL and CWW is a promising association to chitosan production.

Integrated geophysical investigation techniques for mapping cassava effluent leachate contamination plume, at a dumpsite in Ilero, southwestern Nigeria

The subsurface illuminating strength of integrating Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Frequency Domain Electromagnetic (FDEM) geophysical investigation techniques to evaluate the level of subsurface leachate contamination plume generated by indiscriminate dumping of cassava product processing effluents and wastes around a dumpsite near cassava processing mill at Ilero southwestern Nigeria, has been demonstrated in this study. The lateral spread as well as depth extent of the cassava waste effluent leachate plume was determined from the subsurface resistivity and conductivity models generated from combined ER and FDEM geophysical surveys carried out through eight (8) Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), eight (8) FDEM and (2) Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) measurement profiles and stations purposively established across the dumpsite.Quality checked, inverted and depth matched ER and FDEM data generated 1D, 2D, and 3D resistivity and conductivity distribution in the form of subsurface logs, sections, constant depth maps and earth model employed to characterize the study area. Electrical resistivity result presents resistivity distribution that range in value between 21 Ωm to 213 Ωm from the topsoil to depths beyond 7.5 m. The FDEM sections and depth maps show conductivity distribution range between 4 mS/m – 286 mS/m across the dump site and provided information up to a depth of 60 m. The VES results generally delineate three (3) georesistivity layers, which include topsoil, weathered and fractured basement layers, occurring at depth between 0.4 – 10.0 m with characteristic resistivity values from 33.5 Ωm – 37.9 Ωm. The 3D resistivity and conductivity models generated by integrating the various results indicate anomalously low resistivity and relatively high conductivity (21 – 30 Ωm; 11 mS/m – 40 mS/m) zone which defines contamination plume in the central part of the cassava effluents and waste dumpsite.This study has through integrated electrical resistivity and frequency domain electromagnetic geophysical methods of investigation highlighted the subsurface contaminating potential of indiscriminating dumping of agricultural processing effluent and wastes, especially of cassava effluent, which has toxic cyanogenicglucosides constituent that is deleterious to the environment.

Commercial viability of integrated waste treatment in cassava starch industries for targeted resource recoveries

The commercial viability of an integrated waste treatment process for converting wastewater and bagasse from a 200 t/d cassava starch facility, together with the associated cassava stalks, into bioenergy products and biofertilizer coupled with recovery of water for reuse, was assessed using Aspen Plus® simulations. The wastewater and bagasse are anaerobically digested for producing biogas that is combusted for thermal energy (Case I), or augmented with CS for combined heat and power production via steam boiler and turbo-generator while recovering biofertilizer in liquid or solid form (Cases II and III). In Case I, the biogas produced meets the thermal energy needs for starch drying in the cassava starch facility. Case II demonstrates energy self-sufficiency for the combined heat and power process and generates 28.53 MW as surplus power that is adequate for meeting power demands from the starch facility (∼2.17 MW) whereas, Case III generates only 56.5% of the biorefinery’s total power demands. In addition, liquid biofertilizer is recovered in Cases I and II while Case III allows for recovery of solid biofertilizer as well as water for reuse in the combined heat and power production, thus reducing the demand for freshwater by 66%. All three cases present potential profitable commercial investment with Net Present Values between US$ 83.4 million and 130 million, depending mainly on wastewater treatment costs and bioelectricity prices, and minimally on biofertilizer and thermal energy prices. Thus, the integration of water recovery and cassava stalks conversion into cassava waste treatment results in both economic and environmental benefits for the cassava starch industries.

Swift production of rhamnolipid biosurfactant, biopolymer and synthesis of biosurfactant-wrapped silver nanoparticles and its enhanced oil recovery.

Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a kind of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) development, often used as a tertiary stage where oil recovery is no longer possible utilizing primary and secondary conventional techniques. Among a few potential natural operators valuable for MEOR, biosurfactants, biopolymers and biosurfactant based nanoparticles assume key jobs. Biosurfactant which are produced by microorganisms’ act as are surface active agents that can be used as an alternative to chemically synthesized surfactants. Pseudomonas aeruginosa TEN01, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from the petroleum industry is a potential biosurfactant (Rhamnolipid) producer using cassava waste as the substrate. This work focuses on production and characterization of rhamnolipid from P. aeruginosa TEN01 and its use in enhanced oil recovery. The effectiveness of Chitosan that is deacetylated form of chitin which is a biopolymer that provides density and viscosity to the fluids is not known in enhanced oil recovery yet and so it is studied. Moreover, the fabrication of biosurfactant-mediated silver nanocrystals and its application in enhanced oil recovery is also studied. Sand-Pack column was constructed and the mechanism of oil recovery in the column was studied. While incubating the crude oil containing sand packed column with Biosurfactant-biopolymer and brine flooding in the ratio of 1:2, and Biosurfactant incubation - flooding with 3 g/l of biopolymer was found to be 34.28% and 44.5% respectively. The biosurfactant based silver nanoparticles are non-toxic and have better stability when compared to chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles. The oil recovery percentage by chemical based Ag NPs and biosurfactant based Ag NPs are 14.94% and 14.28% respectively.

Biogas production from cassava waste: effect of concentration

In the lactic acid production from cassava, there is cassava waste generated from saccharification process. This study intends to investigate the effects of substrate concentration on fermentative methane and carbon dioxide from cassava waste using activated sludge obtained from the cassava production plant and the biogas production was determined in batch experiments. The ratio between cassava waste and sludge of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 and 1:0 at 34°C were used in this investigation. The rate of fermentation and methane yield were observed during the fermentation. First, we investigated whether the biogas can occur without the additional microorganism. It was found that methane can occur within 6 days for the batch adding the biological sludge, while it cannot be observed in the case of the reactor free of adding the microflora. The suitable ratio in this study was found that cassava waste and sludge of 1:1 can produce the greatest biomethane in biogas. The quality of biogas occurred in batch reactor composed of 63.1% CH4, 34.4% CO2, 2.2% of oxygen and 0.3% of other gases. It is noted that at this ratio, the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was not detected while it was 4 ppm in the case of higher sludge added in the reactor.

Co-gasification of Cassava Rhizome and Woody Biomass in the 1 MWel Prototype Dual Fluidised Bed Gasifier by Gussing Renewable Energy

In the current research, the effect of the mixture ratio by weight of wood chips to cassava rhizome (100%:0%, 75%:25%, and 50%:50%) was investigated on the properties of the product gas produced from the Dual Fluidised Bed gasifier power plant. The DFB gasifier power plant is located in Nongbua district, Nakhon Sawan province, Thailand. The results from this study show that the use of 100% wood chips as a fuel generates high quality product gas as designed. The mixture of wood chips and cassava rhizome in the weight ratio of 75%:25% and 50%:50% also gives satisfactory results: steady operation conditions of the whole power plant process, good quality and quantity of product gas, however, the tar content in the product gas was slightly higher than that of using wood chips alone. The researchers found that cassava rhizome can be used as a fuel mixture together with wood chips in the current DFB gasifier at site to generate heat and electricity. The outcome of this research will create the use of waste cassava rhizome, enormously available around the power plant, as well as the broad application of gasification technology using various biomass feedstock types available in Thailand.

SEQUENTIAL PEROXIDE-OXIDATION AND ADSORPTION TREATMENT OF CASSAVA PROCESSING WASTEWATER: PROSPECTS AND LIMITATIONS IN AUGMENTATION OF WATER BUDGETING PRACTICES

Cassava processing is an industry common to most West African countries as well as in other tropical countries of the world. The processing of cassava is known for its high consumption of water resources. This study therefore investigates the potential for cassava processing water conservation using combined peroxide-oxidation and adsorption recycling processing technology. A Sequential Peroxide-Oxidation and Adsorption treatment process was established by producing cassava peel carbon and activated carbon from waste cassava peels. This was used in the adsorption of pollutant parameters in oxidized cassava processing wastewater. The study further went on to estimate the volume of water that could be conserved in Nigeria through the employment of the Sequential Peroxide-Oxidation and Adsorption treatment process with the aid of a 3-scenario water-based estimation techniques. The research revealed that the estimated volume of water employed in processing cassava through fermentation process is about 1,525 l/ton while that for non-fermentation process is about 960 l/ton. However, an estimated 104,951.36, 100,195.20 and 95,639.04 million litres of water could be conserved considering each of the three cassava process combination scenarios. The study concluded that if cassava industry could make use of the combined peroxide-oxidation and adsorption recycling processing technology described as in the experimental procedure, substantial volume of water resources could be conserved and recycled for other uses such as irrigation, as well as groundwater recharge thereby improving water budget.
 Omotosho, O. A. | Agricultural Engineering and Environmental Unit, Institute of Agricultural Research & Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria

Valorization of cassava waste for pullulan production by Aureobasidium pullulans MTCC 1991

The interest in pullulan produced from industrial wastes has substantially increased due to its industrial applications. The major constraint in pullulan production is expensive and low yield. In this study, attempts were made on the evaluation of media components for maximum pullulan production from Aureobasidium pullulans MTCC 1991 using cassava waste in solid-state fermentation. A statistical approach was scrutinized to evaluate the effects of yeast extract, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4⋅7H2O, and NaCl on pullulan production. The optimal conditions eliciting the maximum pullulan yield (6.45 g pullulan/L of culture broth) were found to be 0.6 g/L yeast extract, 3 g/L K2HPO4, 0.2 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 0.3 g/L MgSO4⋅7H2O, and 1 g/L NaCl. The produced pullulan was extracted using the solvent precipitation method and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy spectroscopic analysis that confirmed pullulan with linear α (1–6) linkage. The results revealed that cassava waste could be used as an effective carbon source for the production of pullulan.

Polyurethane foams synthesis with cassava waste for biodiesel removal from water bodies

Two types of polyurethane foams were synthesized: polyurethane foam (PU) and composite polyurethane containing cassava waste (PUC), in order to remedy bodies of water contaminated with biodiesel. Thermal and chemical properties of cassava waste were evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses and Fourier transformed infrared. The foams were evaluated as biodiesel sorbents as a function of time and biodiesel ratio. The PUC showed high removal of biodiesel, reaching 96.8% of biodiesel sorption in 5 min and PU reached the maximum of 89.8%. PUC was synthesized with cassava waste, renewable raw material, reducing foam production cost and environmental impact.

Utilization complete feed fermented based waste peel cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on the characteristics carcass and non carcass of male Kacang Goat

The study aims to determine the effect of the utilization complete feed fermented based waste peel cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) on carcass characteristics and non carcass male kacang goat.This study uses a completely randomized design method (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications.The diets used in this research was complete feed fermented with different percentage of cassava peel, among others P0 (cassava dried 75 % and cassava peel 0 %), P1 (cassava dried 55 % and cassava peel 20 %), P2 (cassava dried 35 % and cassava peel 40 %) and P3 (cassava dried 15 % and cassava peel 60 %). The variables observed in this study include slaughter weight, carcass weight, non carcass weight and carcass percentage.The results obtained in this study indicate that utilization of complete feed fermented based waste cassava peel was not significantly different (P> 0.05) on slaughter weight, carcass weight, non carcass weight and carcass percentage.The conclusion of this study is utilization of complete feed fermented based cassava peel waste does not affect the characteristics carcass and non carcass.

Elephant Grass Biomass Attributes for Bioenergetic Applications Compared to Other Feedstocks

The study aim to evaluate the biomass quality attributes of elephant grass [ Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone] genotypes for the bioenergy production compared to other feedstocks. There were evaluated 32 feedstocks among them 16 elephant grass (EG) genotypes and 14 other feedstocks with potential for bioenergy applications. The evaluated quality attributes are the elemental composition, net calorific value, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash contents (% of dry matter). Our results point out that the EG genotypes show similar quality atrributes among themselves, except to the ash content. The mean net calorific value of the EG biomass (3,995 kcal kg -1 ) was superior than the rice husk and sorghum, and similar compared to sugarcane straw and bagasse, coconut fiber, energy cane, cassava waste and corn stover. The EG genotypes cellulose mean content (36%) was superior than cassava waste sample, but similar compared to all other feedstocks, except to the eucalyptus, rice husk, bamboo and sugarcane bagasse. The EG genotypes hemicellulose mean content (29.3%) was superior than the coconut husk, bamboo, cassava waste, coconut fiber, rice husk, eucalyptus and M. caesalpiniaefolia and similar to sorghum, energy cane, sugarcane straw and bagasse. The EG genotypes lignin mean content (8.2%) was superior to corn stover and similar to energy cane, sorghum, sugarcane bagasse and straw. The EG Madeira showed the lowest ash contents (2.21%) among the EG genotypes. The mean ash content of the other EG biomass (4.96%) was similar to bamboo, energy cane, cassava waste and sugarcane straw.

Hydrothermal carbonization synthesis of cassava slag biochar with excellent adsorption performance for Rhodamine B

Abstract In the study, cassava slag biochar was produced from agricultural waste cassava slag by simple hydrothermal carbonization treatment, and its adsorption on dyes in aqueous solution was studied. The structural properties, adsorption performance and mechanism were comprehensively investigated with multiple tools, such as Scanning electron microscopy, Leica microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, batch adsorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the cassava slag biochar could remove 96% of Rhodamine B from aqueous solution, the maximum adsorption amount was 105.3 mg g−1, and had excellent adsorption regeneration performance as well. The excellent adsorption performance for Rhodamine B could be attributed to intermolecular hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction. In addition, the cassava slag biochar showed good adsorption performance for different dyes and was economically viable in engineering applications, indicating that it had great potential in practical applications. This study provides a “win-win” solution to improve waste management, reduce environmental pollution by converting the cassava slag into a biochar adsorbent.

PERBEDAAN PENAMBAHAN ONGGOK TERFERMENTASI TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI ITIK PEDAGING

This research was aimed to determine the influence of the addition of feremented cassava waste by Trichoderma viride fungus towards the appearance of duck meat production. The material used in this research was 192 types of hybrid ducks at the age of 14 days. The given treatments were: 1 feed treatment was 100. 2 feed treatment was 95%, fermented cassava waste was 5%. 3 feed treatment was 90%, fermented cassava waste was 10%. 4 feed treatment was 85%, fermented cassava waste was 15%. The observed variables were feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The data were processed using complete random design analysis. If there was a significant difference, Duncan’s follow-up test will be conducted. The research result showed feed consumption (P<0.05), body weight gain (P>0.01), feed conversion (P>0.01). The addition of fermented cassava waste in the feed of duck affects the body weight gain and feed conversion.

CASSAVA WASTE AS AN ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF ORGANIC COMPOSES

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of adding powder cassava waste in compost making. Versatile in making compost. This research uses a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 settings with 3 replications with different amounts. The parameters chosen were composting temperature, composting fermentation time period, composting humidity, acidity composting and continued with water spinach growth vegetative test. Data analysis using one-way ANOVA test and further tests with Duncan's Multi Range Test at 1% significance level. Research results for 30 days in making compost with cassava powder complement, like fertilizer after growth, Vegetative ground spinach (ipomoea reptans) did not show a significant effect or no effect

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LIMBAH SINGKONG DAN MINERAL MIKRO ORGANIK TERHADAP KECERNAAN LEMAK DAN TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIENT PADA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA JANTAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cassava waste and organic micro minerals on fat digestibility and TDN (Total Digestible Nutrient) in Ettawa crossbreed goat. This research was conducted on 11-25 November 2018 at Gisting Atas District, Blok 18, Gisting Subdistrict, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. The material used was 12 male Ettawa crossbreed goat with varied body weights. This study used a randomized block design consisted of 4 treatments and 3 replications. Grouping based on body weight is U1 (13-15 kg) U2 (15-17 kg), and U3 (17-25 kg). The research treatment consisted of R0 (control ration), R1 (fermented feed ingredients), R2 (R1 + cassava leaves) and R3 (R2 + Organic Micro Minerals). The results showed that the highest crude fat digestibility was in R0 (95.00%) and the highest TDN in R3 (68.63%) but the results of the variance analysis showed that the treatment ration had no effect on fat digestibility and TDN (P >0.05).
 Keywords: Cassava waste, Ettawa crossbreed, Digestibility, Organic micro minerals

Feasibility of commercial waste biorefineries for cassava starch industries: Techno-economic assessment

Cassava waste is a potential bioresource for integrated biorefineries to co-produce bioproducts [succinic acid (SA), glucose syrup (GS), bioethanol] and combined heat and power (CHP). Techno-economic assessments of five biorefinery scenarios for integration in cassava starch plant (200 Mg/d), co-processing 377.83 Mg/h wastewater (CWW), 7.29 Mg/h bagasse (CB) and 450.89 Mg/h stalks (CS), were done using Aspen Plus® to ascertain their potential commercial viability. Scenarios (I) & (II) co-process CB + CWW for biogas and bioethanol production, respectively, and CS for CHP. Scenario (III)-(V) co-process CB + CWW + 10% CS for bioethanol (III), co-producing either GS (IV) or SA (V) and 90% CS for CHP. All scenarios meet CHP demands for biorefinery and starch processing. However, only Scenario (V) products had their minimum selling prices equal to market prices. Thus, integration of SA production (6.9 Mg/h) in a biorefinery co-producing bioethanol and CHP is a potential viable cassava waste biorefinery with economic and environmental benefits.

Karakterisasi α-Amilase dari Aspergillus versicolor 3a1 yang Diproduksi pada Media Limbah Cair Tapioka

The aim of this experiment was to characterize A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase produced on cassava liquid waste media. Two types of media, base and combination media, were used as a comparison. Cassava liquid waste media contains 1% cassava starch, 1% yeast extract, 0.13% KH2PO4, and 0.05% MgSO4 diluted in cassava liquid waste. Base media contains same composition but using aquadest as a solvent, and combination media using mixture of aquadest and cassava liquid waste. A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase showed its maximum specific activity in cassava liquid waste, base, and combination media after 3, 7, and 4 days incubation, respectively. Crude extract of α-amylase fromA. versicolor 3a1 was precipitated in 20-80% (w/v) ammonium sulphate. Precipitation of A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase with 70% (w/v) ammonium sulphate on cassava liquidwaste, 60% on base media, and 60% on combination media will increase its specific activity 16.6, 4.28, and 5.65 times, respectively, compared to the specific activities ofcrude before precipitation. α-Amylase crude extract from A. versicolor 3a1 from all media showed its highest specific activity at 70oC and pH 5.0, and addition of FeSO4 increased the specific activity. Precipitated A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase from all media showed its highest specific activity at 70oC and pH 6.0. Addition of FeSO4 precipitated 3a1 α-amylase from base and combination media will increase its specific activity, while MgSO4 will increase its specific activity in cassava liquid waste media. Thermostability assay revealed that the crude and the precipitated 3a1 α-amylase were relatively stable at 70oC up to 180 minutes incubation, except for precipitated3a1 -amylase on cassava waste media. Crude α-amylase 3a1 was relatively stable at pH 5-9 up to 1 hour incubation with wide pH ranges, while the precipitated with narrow pH ranges.

Lab-scale anaerobic digestion of cassava peels: the first step of energy recovery from cassava waste and water hyacinth

ABSTRACT Cassava processing in Republic of Benin, which is used to produce different food products, discharges a large amount of polluting organic matter into the environment in the form of peels and wastewater. Besides, water hyacinth a rich nitrogen plant invades Benin water streams leading in aquatic ecosystem asphyxia and blocks the navigation. Both cassava wastes and water hyacinth show a high biodegradable content enable to be treated through anaerobic digestion. According to the literature, the main challenge in cassava wastes anaerobic digestion is early inhibition caused by a rapid acidification linked to low nitrogen and high biodegradable sugars content. This paper focused on the theoretical and biochemical methanogenic potential determination which is an essential step of recovery energy on large scale of both substrates. Stoichiometric methanogenic potentials of cassava wastes are close to the biochemical methanogenic potentials. However, it was necessary to treat cassava peels with potash «akanwu» and phosphate buffer pH 7.2. Average cumulative methane yield was 368 mL/gVS; 309 mL/gVS and 178 mL/gVS respectively for cassava wastewater (CWW), cassava peels (CP), water hyacinth (WH). Co-digestion of cassava peels with water hyacinth yielded on average 211 mLCH4/gVS. Despite that methane yield of co-digestion was lower than the summative methane yield of each substrate, the process has removed the chemicals products then improved cassava peels treatment. In addition, methane yield of water hyacinth increased by 10% when co-digested with cassava peels.

Briquetting of Biomass for Low Cost Fuel using Farm Waste, Cow Dung and Cotton Industrial Waste

The ultimate source of energy for crucial activities like cooking, heating and parboiling process is burning wood and other agricultural products. Due to growing populations utilizing resource of combustible biomass materials will finally result in insufficiency of those materials until certain measures are taken to secure them. It mainly focuses on the minimization of pollution especially land, water and air and to avoid the deforestation mainly for many fuels for burning. The product taken is the by-product, which is obtained from the residue left after letting the cotton industrial waste for reuse. The raw materials used are cassava waste, coconut shell, groundnut shell, cotton waste and cow dung with thirty different mix ratios. The briquettes were made without using any binder. Using hydraulic pressure with UTM given to produce the briquettes are 5.0 kN/cm2, 5.6 kN/cm2 and 6.0 kN/cm2. Good energy content has been obtained when the pressure for producing briquettes at 5.6 kN/cm2.These briquettes are mainly used for industrial boiler running and cooking purpose.

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Tapioka Pada Pati Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) Terhadap Pembuatan Plastik Biodegradable dan Karakterisasinya

Research on Biodegradable Plastic Characterization of Cassava Wastes (manihot esculenta) Substitution of Tapioca Flour. As Biodegradable Plastics Base Material. This study aims to determine the ratio of cassava starch to tapioca starch which produces the best biodegradable plastic which is then used for testing the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic film using 5% acetic acid. Comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour used is 1 : 1; 1 : 1,5; 1 : 2; 1 : 2,5; 1 : 3. The best plastics are obtained by comparison of cassava starch with tapioca flour is 1 : 3. The characteristics of biodegradable plastics include physical characteristics consisting of thickness with value 0,273 mm, 0,286 mm, 0,413 mm, 0,280 mm, dan 0,510 mm. While the mechanical characteristics consist of tensile strength with value 0,22138 MPa, 2,10724 MPa, 0,78896 MPa, 3,25933 Mpa, dan 0,508 Mpa. Percent lengthening with value 42%, 32,8%, 55,6%, 20%, dan 31,6%. Based on the result of research, it can be concluded that the value of thickness, percent elongation, and tensile strength are influenced by the comparative formula used.Keywords: Biodegradable plastic, physical properties, mechanics, cassava starch, tapioca flour