Waste Bins Research Articles

Impact of medical waste bin on contamination of patient’s environment: An experimental study

Medical waste bins are a potential source of microbial contamination in the hospital environment, while there is no clear guidance for the management of them. We aimed to assess the impact of medical waste bins on patient's environment. This experimental study simulated microbial contamination by performing medical procedures on a patient model with fluorescent lotion. The waste bin was set as initially empty or two-thirds filled with waste, open or with a lid. The percentage of fluorescent-contaminated area in designated patient's environments was analyzed by 2 independent observers. Among a total of 120 experiments, the sides of the bins were more contaminated in open-occupied bins compared to open-empty bins and in open-occupied bins compared to lid-occupied bins (median 1.9175% vs 0.0916% [P=.001] and 1.9175% vs 0.0899% [P=.003], respectively). The top of the bedside equipment trolley for preparing medical procedures was more contaminated in lid-occupied bins than open-occupied bins (median 0.0080% vs 0.0040%, P=.013). In addition to reducing contamination of the bin itself, the manually operated lid had a potential risk of contributing to microbial transmission by contaminating the equipment trolley. Medical waste bins should be kept no more than two-thirds full, and caution should be taken when using the manually operated lid, to avoid cross-contamination.

Investigation of waste characteristics and recycling behaviour at educational institutes

In this study, the waste generation at the educational institutes chosen from four different levels (kindergartens, primary, secondary and high schools) in Istanbul was measured on-site and the contents of the waste thrown into the recycling bins were determined to specify capture rates. Separation and weighing processes were performed at 16 spots in high schools, 12 spots in secondary schools, 7 spots in primary schools and 7 spots in kindergartens. A survey was conducted to determine the students’ awareness of recycling in these schools. It was revealed that the wastes produced from educational institutes are organics (36.4 %), paper (24 %), plastics (14.4 %), glass (8.1 %), metals (4.8 %) and miscellaneous (12.3 %). The survey results indicate that 93 % of the participants think recycling is important, 71 % of them throw their waste into suitable waste bins and 59 % of them know the location of the recycling bins. At the primary school level, a very high rate of paper waste (92.3 %) was reported in plastic bins while plastic waste collected in these bins remained only 5.7 %. It was also seen that glass waste captured in glass bins and metal waste in metal bins remain very low rates (20.9 % and 29.2 %, respectively) at the secondary school level. At the high school level, it was determined that the most commonly captured wastes in glass, plastics and paper bins are glass (47.5 %), plastic (43.2 %) and paper (32.5 %), respectively. Correlation analyses indicated a high positive correlation (p < 0.05) between particular types of waste.

E-Waste Bin: An Interactive Waste Management and Monitoring System Via IoT Platform

Nowadays, waste management has become a challenge faced by the developing and the developed countries. The main problem occurred when waste accumulates beyond capacity before schedule collection. This situation may led to huge environmental pollution and potential outbreaks of disease in the society. In this case, waste pickers are essential in waste management by ensuring timely waste collection and preventing bin overflow. However, monitoring bin levels in real-time poses a challenge for them. Hence, this research proposes a mobile application for solid waste management, designed to monitor the garbage fill level of the waste bin. The app alerts both users and waste pickers to potential overflowing bins, allowing users to communicate directly with waste management company. Employing an ESP8266 NodeMCU, HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor, MQ-4 gas sensor, and solar power for energy efficiency, this system results in a user-friendly mobile application. This innovation is aimed at mitigating the issue of waste overloading and improves the environmental quality.

Students Perspectives on Environmental Waste Problems in Schools of Iligan City, Philippines

Level of environmental awareness among secondary students was assessed through their own perception on waste problems in schools. Interviews using survey questionnaires were employed to selected schools in Iligan City. Results revealed that the student participants perceived the school as actively prioritizing environmental protection across its policies, operations, and academic dimensions. Particularly, the implementation of solid waste management practices is emphasized and taken seriously. Various initiatives are in place to address waste disposal effectively, including the installation of waste bins throughout the campus, the establishment of a Material Recovery Facility, and ongoing information campaigns and activities to remind both students and teachers of their responsibilities. Generally, the schools’ efforts in promoting environmental awareness and protection are highly commendable, reflecting an exemplary level of commitment across its policies, operations, and academic activities. This proactive approach aimed to enhance environmental efforts and better serve all stakeholders by fostering a clean and safe learning environment.

Recovery of high-quality terephthalic acid from waste polyester textiles via a neutral hydrolysis method

As a consequence of the extensive use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the textile industry, a significant amount of PET waste is generated. To achieve environmental remediation and sustainable development, it is imperative to transform the PET waste into valuable chemical raw materials. One promising approach to managing this waste is neutral hydrolysis, which converts PET to terephthalic acid (PTA) and ethylene glycol (EG) and is environmentally friendly. However, the current technology suffers from difficulties in decolorization and purification of the PTA. Herein, we implemented a new closed-loop route for recycling waste polyester textiles, which comprises of the pre-decolorization of textile samples, neutral hydrolysis of decolorized waste polyester textiles and purification of the PTA products by reduced-pressure sublimation. Using this method, waste polyester textiles that are picked up from waste bins having various colors and compositions were successfully hydrolyzed to form PTA with a purity of up to 99.9%. The yield of the recovered PTA reached 95.1%, and the whiteness value (L*) was up to 99.9. The regenerated PET (r-PET) obtained through repolymerization of the recycled PTA exhibited similar properties to those of PET derived from petroleum-based PTA.

Implementation Of Regulation Number 02 Of 2011 Concerning Waste Management In Bengkulu City

Other waste management issues stem from the lack of a professional waste management system planning. The waste management sector has not yet received priority compared to other sectors in urban development. This research utilizes a qualitative approach. In this study, to determine the implementation of the Bengkulu City Regional Regulation Number 02 of 2011 Regarding Waste Management in Bengkulu City based on the opinions expressed by Nugroho and the modified results between the Bengkulu City Regional Regulation Number 02 of 2011 Regarding Waste Management. Regarding the policy socialization aspect, it is noted that the socialization of regional regulations to the community is still uneven. Furthermore, for the socialization related to waste separation, similar responses were received. This is proven by organic waste still being seen in inorganic waste bins. In terms of planning, the provision of waste bins in public and social facilities is still unavailable in some facilities. Furthermore, regarding waste management financing, there are various tariff rates. For waste management conducted by LPM or third parties, the tariff is determined through mutual agreement. Meanwhile, waste management by the Department will be subject to agreed-upon fees. In terms of implementation, for supervision and oversight, researchers can conclude that the people of Bengkulu City feel the supervision being carried out. In terms of evaluation, the application of sanctions and criminal provisions received various responses. Some members of the community disagree with the rules, while others agree, in order to instill a deterrent effect and raise awareness to dispose of waste properly. Furthermore, waste management by LPM and the Department can be concluded to still not be fully operational, as evidenced by increasing piles of waste before the transportation process.

A waste separation system based on sensor technology and deep learning: A simple approach applied to a case study of plastic packaging waste

Plastic waste pollution is a challenging and complex issue caused mainly by high consumption of single-use plastics and the linear economy of “extract-make-use-throw”. Improvements in recycling efficiency, behaviour changes, circular business models, and a more precise waste management system are essential to reduce the volume of plastic waste. This paper proposes a simplified conceptual model for a smart plastic waste separation system based on sensor technology and deep learning (DL) to facilitate recovery and recycling. The proposed system could be applied either at the source (in a smart waste bins) or in a centralised sorting facility. Two smart separation systems have been investigated: i) the one utilising 6 sensors (near-infrared (NIR), humidity, temperature, CO2, CH4, and a laser profile sensor) and ii) the one with an RGB camera to separate packaging materials based on their composition, size, cleanliness, and appearance. Simulations with a case study showed that for a camera-based sorting, Inception-v3, a DL model based on convolution neural networks (CNN), achieved the best overall accuracy (78%) compared to ResNet-50, MobileNet-v2, and DenseNet-201. In addition, the separation resulted in a higher number of misclassified items in bins, as it focused solely on appearance rather than material composition. Sensor-based sorting faced limitations, particularly with dark colouration and organic matter entrapment. Combining the information from sensors and cameras could potentially mitigate the limitations of each individual method, thus resulting in higher purity of the separated fractions.

ANALISIS PENGETAHUAN MITIGASI BANJIR PADA MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN BANJAR DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER

The largest flood condition in South Kalimantan Province occurred in 2021. The worst flooded area is Banjar Regency with 27,249 fatalities. Floods also affected the agriculture and fisheries sectors, causing agricultural land productivity to decrease to 87,598 tons from 2021 to 2020. A total of 1,838 aquaculture businesses suffered losses of up to 70 billion rupiah. The causes of flooding do not only come from natural factors but can come from other factors such as a lack of knowledge of flood mitigation, resulting in huge losses for the community. Previous research states that the factors that influence flood disaster mitigation are the level of education and income. This study aims to determine the factors that influence flood mitigation knowledge in Banjar Regency communities using the binary logistic regression method. The results of the study provide differences from previous studies, namely the environmental factor with category 1, the implementation of environmental management by the community affects flood mitigation knowledge with a p value (0.027) &lt; α (0.05) and a value of W (2.2198) &gt; Z_table (1.960). The odds ratio value shows that the probability of the Banjar Regency community having flood mitigation knowledge is 2.79 times greater than other variable categories. The model explains an influence of 31.6% with an AIC value of 125. The respondents flood mitigation knowledge in managing the environment includes all types and stages of flood disaster mitigation related to local wisdom in the respondents location, namely several terms such as "Apar-Apar, Jukung Terpal, Galangan, Kelambu Kolam". There are still some things that need to be maximized for flood mitigation knowledge, namely the formation of disaster resilient villages in Martapura City, East and West Sub-districts. Dissemination of information on climate-smart agriculture training to farmers. Realization of temporary waste bin facilities in Banjar Regency.

Smart Bin and IoT: A Sustainable Future for Waste Management System in Nigeria

As waste production is becoming more widely recognized as a significant issue, particularly in developing nations, rising food consumption and population growth have caused environmental degradation and health crises. Nigeria's waste collection and disposal problems are commonly associated with environmental pollution and health crises. Consequently, throwing garbage on roads during environmental sanitation, is a typical method of waste disposal, leading to large piles of refuse along the roadside, which hinders the nation's beauty. Therefore, for Nigeria's waste management system to be effective, sustainable smart bins with efficient Internet of Things (IoT) applications must be quickly adopted to create a green, clean atmosphere within cities. Smart bins with integrated IoT can provide a sustainable future for cities' waste management. This model seeks to develop a low-cost, intelligent waste bin system with IoT technology. Sensors and data sharing over a Wi-Fi network, allow for remote control of the waste bin, leading to improved optimization of the bin's level of waste. The economic benefits of this IoT-based system include remote access for efficient level control, lower labour costs, improved time and energy efficiency, and reduced congestion in waste bins.

A comparison of machine learning methods for knowledge extraction model in A LoRa-Based waste bin monitoring system

Knowledge Extraction Model (KEM) is a system that extracts knowledge through an IoT-based smart waste bin emptying scheduling classification. Classification is a difficult problem and requires an efficient classification method. This research contributes in the form of the KEM system in the classification of scheduling for emptying waste bins with the best performance of the Machine Learning method. The research aims to compare the performance of Machine Learning methods in the form of Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Multi-Layer Perceptron, which will be recommended in the KEM system. Performance testing was performed on accuracy, recall, precision, F-Measure, and ROCS curves using the cross-validation method with ten observations. The experimental results show that the Decision Tree performs best for accuracy, recall, precision, and ROCS curve. In contrast, the K-NN method obtains the highest F-measure performance. KEM can be implemented to extract knowledge from data sets created in various other IoT-based systems.

Peningkatan Kualitas Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat Masyarakat Kelurahan Lewirato Melalui Pembuatan Tempat Sampah Dan Papan Edukasi Kebersihan

Lewirato District aims to improve cleanliness and health by fostering a caring attitude among its residents. The strategy includes educational programs, community clean-up drives, and sustainable practices. Regular monitoring and evaluation ensures program effectiveness and provides benefits to the community. The KKN program was implemented in Mpunda District, Bima City, West Nusa Tenggara, from August 2023 to September 2023, aiming to improve the quality of life of residents in Lewirato Village. This initiative includes planning, implementation, and evaluation stages, with a focus on waste management, environmental cleanup, and community involvement. Program achievements are assessed throughout the process. This community service activity for STIE Bima in Lewirato Village produces output in the form of a unified organic and inorganic waste bin, a clean landfill environment, a clean and comfortable field, water and the environment. the surrounding environment is not polluted and clean, and a clean environment is pleasing to the eye. With this activity, it is hoped that the people of Lewirato can develop a more caring attitude and develop themselves in an effort to maintain a clean and healthy environment. community environment. Increasing the clean and healthy quality of life for the people of Lewirato will have an influence on other sub-district communities.

Enhancing Urban Waste Management: Development and Application of Smart Garbage Bin Technologies

With urbanization and population growth, the volume of waste generated is also increasing. Traditional waste management methods may become insufficiently efficient, necessitating more intelligent and sustainable solutions to meet this challenge. In traditional waste management systems, garbage trucks often collect waste according to a fixed schedule without considering the actual fill level of the garbage bins. This can lead to resource wastage and unnecessary carbon emissions. The research background of smart garbage bins is also closely related to environmental protection. By managing waste more effectively, reducing pollution to land and water sources is possible, contributing to achieving sustainable development goals. This study investigates the application of smart waste bin technology in urbanization, focusing on its potential in waste classification and environmental protection. The research encompasses three main stages: system design, prototype construction, and functional testing. In the system design phase, key components such as LED displays, ultrasonic sensors, and servo motors were selected based on functional requirements, and intelligent control was implemented using Arduino boards and the U8g2lib library. During the prototype construction phase, 3D printing and precise assembly were employed to ensure the effective layout of electronic components. The testing phase involved evaluating the performance of humidity sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and voice modules. The test indicates that the smart waste bins perform well in terms of sorting accuracy and ease of operation, but improvements are needed in real-time monitoring and user interaction. Overall, this study provides significant insights into the technological development of smart waste bins and their application in urban environments.

Menumbuhkan Budaya Hidup Bersih Siswa dengan Memanfaatkan Media Ecobrick di Sekolah Dasar

Ecobrick is one of the creative ways to manage plastic waste and turn it into useful objects, reducing pollution and toxins caused by plastic waste. The function of ecobrick is not to destroy plastic waste, but to extend the life of the plastics and process them into something useful, which can be used for the benefit of people in general. Ecobrick is a waste management technique made from used plastic bottles filled with clean plastic waste until full, then compacted until it becomes hard. After the bottles are full and hard, they can be assembled with glue. These assembled bottles can be turned into tables, simple chairs, building materials for walls, towers, small stages, and even potentially assembled into fences and foundations for simple playgrounds. The utilization of plastic waste at SDN Kondangjaya III is through the making of ecobricks. This activity is due to problems related to plastic waste, such as the abundance of waste in the school environment that has not been utilized, the presence of a specific plastic bottle waste bin in the school environment that is not being utilized, and the lack of understanding and knowledge in waste management to be utilized into something useful. From these various problems, it can be concluded that many elementary school students have not learned to recycle waste. The methods used are observation, demonstration, and direct practice in making ecobricks. The result of this activity is an increase in knowledge and understanding about the utilization of plastic waste and an improvement in the skills and creativity of students in managing plastic waste into useful objects.

Assessing the Correlation Between Basic Sanitation and Diarrhea Prevalence in Bulurejo Village, Gresilk: A Geographic Information System (GIS) Approach

In 2022, the number of diarrhea cases increased to 958 sufferers, with the highest incidence occurring in Bulurejo village. Physically, the sources of clean water still exhibit discoloration and unpleasant odor. The latrine construction lacks a roof, and the walls are made of cloth. The construction of waste bins lacks covers, and the wastewater disposal facilities (SPAL) are open. This research aims to determine the correlation between basic sanitation and the prevalence of diarrhea using the Geographic Information System (GIS) method. The study is descriptive-analytical through observations and a GIS approach in the form of a map. From the observations, bivariate and univariate analyses were conducted using the chi-square test. The results show that basic household sanitation is related to the prevalence of diarrhea in Bulurejo. Clean water facilities, with a p-value of 0.014, indicate a significant relationship. Toilet facilities, with a p-value of 0.347, show no significant relationship. SPAL facilities, with a p-value of 0.009, indicate a significant relationship. Waste disposal facilities, with a p-value of 0.029, indicate a significant relationship. After analysis, the results were represented in the form of a map. The Geographic Information System (GIS) approach was utilized to develop more effective mapping strategies for the improvement of sanitation and diarrhea control in the area. These findings indicate the necessity for enhancing basic sanitation facilities and implementing programs at community health centers to reduce diarrhea cases in Bulurejo.

Assessment of Spatial Distribution of Waste Bins in Karachi Through GIS Techniques

Karachi has been facing various issues of municipal solid waste management. In the early 1960s, Karachiwas the centre of leisure, now it has stretched out due to its increasing population. However, due to insufficientfacilities and ineffective strategies, issues related to waste management are also increasing. For the problems related towaste management, the fundamental units available are municipal trash bins. In this study, 409 GPS point data ofcollection points of waste have been assembled from various areas of Karachi for assessment of the spatial distributionof waste bins. A spatial variation of distance between the trash bins is also identified through ArcGIS 10.3.1cartography tool of generalization, which aggregates the points of trash bins by making polygon shape of the samedistance. Globally, Geospatial techniques are used for changing the system of waste management. This is the first studythat assessed the suitable distance of bins placement in the area under focus. The results revealed that there are noprinciples acquired by the government for the placement of trash bins with appropriate distance. In many towns ofKarachi like Landhi and Korangi, bins are absent which impels people to throw their trash anywhere in the city.

SANITATION PRACTICES, DISPOSAL METHODS AND AWARENESS OF HEALTH HAZARDS OF INDISCRIMINATE DISPOSAL OF ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC DEVICES AMONG STUDENTS

The study investigated sanitation practices, disposal methods and awareness of health hazards of indiscriminate disposal of electrical/electronic devices among students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos. A descriptive survey design was employed in the study. Two hundred (200) students from four (4) schools representing fifty (50) per school were randomly sampled for the study. A structured questionnaire titled "Assessment of digital waste disposal, sanitation practices and health management among students of Federal College of Education (Technical) Akoka, Lagos' was developed and used to assess responses from students. The research instrument was given face validity by lecturers in the Department of Home Economics Education. Some copies of the questionnaire were subjected to pilot testing and data obtained analyzed using Cronbach Alpha. A reliability coefficient (r) of 0.6452 obtained indicated the internal consistence of the instrument. All necessary corrections and comments were made before the main study. The researcher personally administered the questionnaires with 92.5% returns. Data were analysed using frequency, percentages and mean scores. Mean scores 2.50 and above were considered as 'Agree', while those below 2.50 'Disagree' on a scale of 4-points Likert scale. The results indicated that there are existing sanitation practices such as such as sweeping, scrubbing, regular disinfecting toilet and disposing waste into bigger refuse /waste bins among the students of FCE (T) Akoka. The students indiscriminately dispose electrical/electronic devices using wrong methods. The students are not aware of health hazard of their indiscriminate disposal of electrical/electronic devices.

Analysis of respirable dust exposure data collected at a Zambian copper mine between 2017 and 2022.

Mine workers are occupationally exposed to respirable dust, which can cause irreversible lung diseases and controlling exposure concentrations to as low as reasonably practicable is, therefore, essential. To implement exposure reduction strategies and adequately manage exposure to hazardous chemicals, exposure needs to be measured and recorded according to a standard exposure management plan. This study aimed to assess the available respirable dust exposure data measured between 2017 and 2022 in various work areas and job categories at two mining shafts and a concentrator plant of a Zambian copper mine. Additionally, the monitoring program implemented at the mine was assessed for appropriateness. Descriptive data analysis was used to create an exposure matrix comprising 253 exposure measurements. Approximately 5.6% of the measured concentrations exceeded the South African time-weighted average occupational exposure limit (TWA-OEL) of 3 mg/m3. The geometric means of respirable dust exposure for shaft A, shaft B and the concentrator plant were 0.44 mg/m3, 0.44 mg/m3, and 0.68 mg/m3, respectively. The work areas with the highest maximum exposure results were the tipping area (18.0 mg/m3) at shaft A, the sump and waste bin (8.05 mg/m3) at shaft B and the screening (10.8 mg/m3), secondary crusher (14.0 mg/m3), foreign ore bin (4.43 mg/m3), and tertiary crusher (5.07 mg/m3) areas at the concentrator plant. It was found that the monitoring strategy implemented at the mine was flawed and did not collect a sufficient number of samples in each area during each year to make rigorous statistical assessment possible. This study highlights the sampling strategy's shortcomings and recommends adopting a standardized monitoring strategy, such as EN689, to improve the respirable dust monitoring program at the mine. Additionally, this strategy can be implemented across Zambia and, if implemented correctly, it has the potential to be improve exposure monitoring across the country as no standard sampling strategy is currently enforced by the Government.

ANALISIS PERANCANGAN USAHA PRODUK PEMILAH SAMPAH ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK MODERN

In designing product design, the purpose of making modern waste bins for organic and non-organic sorting is to overcome waste management problems in Indonesia. By looking at these problems, we strive to create innovations so that people can understand a good way to manage waste. The product to be developed is a trash can with an automatic sorting sensor system, allowing the selection of waste one by one. by using the Economic Order Quantity method aims to assist companies in overcoming the problem of controlling raw material inventory Economic Order Quantity. Research shows that the manufacture of modern trash cans involves several steps, such as attention to product images, quality, size, and durability. Another strategy involves determining prices after market research to find prices that match consumer needs and wants. From these calculations, the production of modern trash cans can be considered feasible and beneficial to society, can help reduce littering and minimize piles of garbage. This modern waste separator product is expected to provide great benefits to the community and become a valuable learning.

Emerging Roles of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Cancer Research and Therapy

Discovered in the late eighties, sEVs are small extracellular nanovesicles (30–150 nm diameter) that gained increasing attention due to their profound roles in cancer, immunology, and therapeutic approaches. They were initially described as cellular waste bins; however, in recent years, sEVs have become known as important mediators of intercellular communication. They are secreted from cells in substantial amounts and exert their influence on recipient cells by signaling through cell surface receptors or transferring cargos, such as proteins, RNAs, miRNAs, or lipids. A key role of sEVs in cancer is immune modulation, as well as pro-invasive signaling and formation of pre-metastatic niches. sEVs are ideal biomarker platforms, and can be engineered as drug carriers or anti-cancer vaccines. Thus, sEVs further provide novel avenues for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review will focus on the role of sEVs in GI-oncology and delineate their functions in cancer progression, diagnosis, and therapeutic use.

TrS-RAM:Leveraging Novel MCDM Techniques for Evaluating Sustainability of Fuel Cell Vehicles Based on Tree Soft Technique

A smart city is an urban area that leverages technology, data, and innovation to improve the quality of life for its residents, enhance sustainability, and optimize urban services and infrastructure. Smart cities use a variety of digital technologies and solutions to address urban challenges and create more efficient, resilient, and livable communities. Smart cities employ innovative waste management solutions, such as IoT-enabled waste bins, route optimization algorithms, and recycling initiatives, to minimize waste generation, improve collection efficiency, and promote recycling and composting. A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is a type of electric vehicle (EV) that uses a fuel cell to generate electricity on board, which powers an electric motor to propel the vehicle. FCVs generate electricity through an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Integrating fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) into waste management systems can offer several benefits, particularly in terms of enhancing environmental sustainability and operational efficiency. FCVs can be used for collecting and transporting waste from various collection points to treatment facilities or disposal sites. Their long driving ranges and rapid refueling capabilities make them suitable for covering large distances efficiently. Overall, integrating FCVs into waste management systems can contribute to achieving environmental sustainability goals, reducing emissions, and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of waste collection and transportation operations. The Root Assessment Method (RAM) is a systematic approach used to analyze and evaluate problems or issues by identifying and addressing their root causes. The method is particularly useful in problem-solving scenarios where understanding the underlying causes is essential for developing effective solutions. This paper proposes the RAM method under Tree-soft set approach using Entropy weight method.