Number Of Wards Research Articles

Social and Economic Implications of Old Age Allowance in Nepal: A Study of Kathmandu District (Ward Number 33)

Our assumption was that the Old Age Allowance (OAA) in Nepal should have helped in lessening at least some of the financial burdens of its recipients while also enriching their social status and honor as senior citizen. Based on this assumption and the limitations of time and money, Ward Number 33 of Kathmandu District was selected as a study site for our research with an objective of exploring and identifying key implications of OAA specifically on the social and economic life of elderlies. The findings of this study are the outcomes of the analysis of data obtained through fifty face to face household surveys and direct observation of the first author of this study over five months of fieldwork in 2013. The study results revealed moderate implications of OAA with greater insinuations on economic compared to social life. Majority of the respondents deemed for a significant increment in the amount of the OAA for its better outcomes. The value of Nepalese Rupees (Nrs.) 500 (OAA in 2013) was considered very nominal by all participants. Participants also argued that the elderlies should receive decent discounts or concessions at least in all modes of public transportation and in government health facilities. We strongly recommend that the ministries of Nepal such as, Finance, Home and Local Development and their line agencies must undertake timely reviews and rigorous evaluations of the effectiveness of OAA in compliance with the principles of social security system to ensure social security benefits of the senior citizens in the country.
 Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 7, Issue-4: 248-255

Application Value of Vital Signs Telemetry System for 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease Suspected Cases in Isolation Wards.

ObjectiveA large number of isolation wards were built to screen suspected patients because of the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The particularity of the isolation wards would lead to more medical resource consumption and heavier hospital control tasks. Therefore, we adopted a vital signs telemetry system in the isolation wards to improve this situation.Materials and TechnologiesTwenty sets of vital signs telemetry system were installed in the east district of the isolation area and the wards were used as the telemetry system wards (TSWs). The wards in the west district were used as the routine wards (RW). The daily telephone questionnaire was used to collect the frequency and time of ward rounds by medical staff and lasted for one week.ResultsWithin one-week survey, the average frequency of RW rounds was 3.00 ± 1.00 times per day, and the average time was 93.57 ± 66.25 min. The daily frequency of RW rounds was 0.428 ± 0.394 times per capita, and the time was 7.88 ± 2.36 min. There was a statistically significant difference in the time of ward rounds per capita, which presented that the daily time of TSW rounds per capita was shorter than that of RW rounds. No security events related to telemetry equipment were found throughout the study.ConclusionThe application of vital signs telemetry system as an alternative to traditional ward monitoring is considered feasible. The use of telemetry system can significantly reduce the consumption of medical resources, the workload of medical staff along with the administration and labor cost for isolation wards. The telemetry system provides sensitive and reliable real-time monitoring for the key indicators used for disease judgment and can make an accurate warning of the patients with disease aggravation in time. Thus, it is worthy of promotion and wide application.

Ward renovation and PPE use procedures to protect medical staff from COVID-19 infection.

In the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, many cross-infections occurred due to the limited number of wards and insufficient medical staff, which could not cope with the large number of patients visiting the hospital. A series of new infection control measures were implemented in our institution and a Wuhan hospital supported by our medical team, mainly including temporarily transforming the general ward into a passage for the staff to enter the infectious ward and standardizing the procedure for the wearing and removal of personal protection equipment (PPE). These measures significantly improved the situation, and no member of our medical staff was infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the middle and late stages of the disease epidemic. We hope that these experiences can provide references for medical institutions that may face an outbreak of COVID-19, especially those in underdeveloped countries and regions.

Factors Influencing Birth Preparedness in Rapti Municipality of Chitwan, Nepal.

Introduction Birth preparedness is crucial for health quality of mother and newborn and acts as a strong contributor in mitigating maternal and newborn mortalities. Different factors are predicted to have an influence upon birth preparedness practice. This paper aims at exploring relationship between various factors and birth preparedness practice. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to find out the relationship between various factors and birth preparedness practice. One hundred sixty-five women residing at ward number 1 of Rapti Municipality, Chitwan who delivered in the last twelve months were selected consecutively and interviewed using a semistructured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and bivariate techniques. Results Three quarters (75.2%) of the respondents had better birth preparedness, institutional delivery was 63.0%, antenatal care (ANC) visit as per protocol was about 62.0%, and about 90% of the respondents had received counseling during ANC. Age, religion, family types, education, age at marriage, parity, number of children, knowledge on birth preparedness, knowledge on danger sign, place for ANC and delivery, and decision-makers were found to be statistically significant (P value < 0.05) with birth preparedness practice. Conclusion Better knowledge on birth preparedness led to a better preparedness status. Age, religion, family type, education of women and partners, parity, and number of children were the factors that influence birth preparedness. Counseling during ANC played a significant role in birth preparedness.

Spatial accessibility analysis of schools using geospatial techniques

The main objective of the present study is to enhance the accessibility facilities for local public to educational centers in Tiruchirappalli City. For this approach, the existing K-12 schools, Census tracts and road network were spatially plotted using the techniques of geospatial system. Spatial accessibility index is computed using Three-step floating catchment area (3SFCA) method. The findings indicate (39%) of catchment area has been shortage of education facilities. The index of 3SFCA and its spatial pattern has been compared, validated using enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. The incorporated Gaussian weight of 3SFCA clearly reduces the high estimate of demand problem of the study area. Through 3SFCA and E2SFCA, the number of wards observed to be shortage is 14 and 26 respectively. Overall, the analysis concludes that 3SFCA is an effective method in spatial planning of educational facilities. In future, this study enables the urban planners and decision makers to maximize spatial accessibility by establishing a new facility and improve the existing facilities in shortage region.

Digital Voting System as Internet of Things Application

The objective for the efficient functioning of the Indian democracy is purely dependent on the decisions made by the citizens of our country. To avoid duplicate or illegal votes we need a secure system which uniquely identifies our citizen. In India AADHAR uniquely identifies the citizens of INDIA by their thumb impression and also provides the other details like Date of birth, address, gender, father’s name, Spouse details etc. The election process is carried out in 3 steps Creation of voter list, actual voting process, and counting of votes. Creation of voter list can be done by database which is efficient to store big data with the person’s name and his AADHAR number. In actual voting process verification can be done by using fingerprint recognition and votes should be stored depending on ward numbers. Counting is the last process which can be done very easily if previous steps are digitized. In the world of Internet of things a voter should be able to cast his vote from anywhere by validating his credentials. This paper describes a voting system with 3 possible ways for voter to cast his vote

Emergency Department Length of Stay for Critically Ill Patients Followed Up in Red Zone

Objectives: The patients in red zone areas face acute or potentially life-threatening situations, complaints, vital disorders, diseases, or injuries that require emergent evaluation and treatment to prevent probable mortality and morbidity. We aimed to determine the variations in the lengths of stay of patients at the emergency department by examining different parameters and evaluate determinants that affect lengths of stay (in emergency room) of critically ill patients. Materials and Methods: All emergency department patients that were followed up in the red zone were included in this study. Patients’ demographic data, major complaints on admission, vital findings, performed procedures and examinations, elapsed time for the diagnoses, patients’ lengths of stay, and the causes of their prolonged waiting times were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: The times elapsed for the diagnoses ranged between 6 min to 18 h in this study (mean: 1.62 ± 1.79 h). Patients’ lengths of stay was between 6 min to 58 h (mean length of stay was 5.51 ± 5.73 h). The waiting time for cases that required consultation (7.17 h) was found to be statistically longer than those cases that required no consultations (3.40 h). Conclusion: To prevent delays in emergency room to inpatient unit transfers, hospital administrators should manage their bed capacities to a level that is compatible with the annual number of patient admissions. Increasing the number of geriatric wards may facilitate inpatient transfers of patients over 60 years age from emergency room and shorten the length of stay of that age group.

Application and Effect of Intelligent Disinfection Robot in Non-Negative Pressure Isolation Ward of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Designated Hospital

The application of intelligent disinfection robot in designated non-negative pressure isolation ward during the outbreak in novel coronavirus pneumonia. The construction and competition, disinfection mode of intelligent disinfection robot, the setting of disinfection point built on area and number of isolation ward, can be introduced below. Frequency can realize remote control when staff uses a table to give instruction and set disinfection mode, and then the intelligent disinfection robot returns automatically to the charging pile to charge when the instruction is completed. It can also autonomously move to sterilize without human participation, which makes man-machine separation and accurate disinfection come true. The chance of contact infection and exposure is decreased when an intelligent disinfection robot is used to sterilize the environment and object surface in an isolation ward, which can also reduce occupational exposure, achieve occupational protection of medical workers and ensure there is no hospital infection.

Increasing Trend of Pesticides' Use in Vegetable Farming and Its Impact for Human Health

This study has analyzed the trend of pesticides' use in vegetable farming in third world country like Nepal, and its impact in public health. This study tries to find out the increasing trend of pesticides’ use in vegetable farming and its optimum impact in human health that has also focused for the protection of environmental and human health. Vegetable, a kind of cash crops, is the crops that millions and millions of people use as their meal and it is directly associated with human health, nutrition and daily consumption. Highly use of pesticides in vegetable farming is ultimately the poison for human being because of its maximum uses which is beyond the immunity power of the human beings. This is a sensitive issue that suffers thousands of children and old aged people by bringing acute and chronic diseases. This study moreover tries to juxtapose library and field-based information that directs it in particular way. Both, theory of production and health behavioral theory have been applied in this research because theory of production touches with the producers or farmers and health behavioral theory attaches with consumers. Economic growth model can be attached with the large scale of production. Production approach relates with producers that inspires them to produce large amount of vegetable. This study belongs to not only a field-based research, but it deals with library information, productive concepts and its impact on health too. Applying explorative research design, qualitative and quantitative method with primary and secondary sources of data, this study analyzed significantly statistical information and theoretical concepts. For this study, Bharatpur Metropolitan city (ward number 25 and 27) Nepal was chosen as a research area. In order to study the trend of pesticides use and its health impact, primary data were collected from the vegetable farmers who operate farming at the village area. A purposive sampling method was applied to collect data from 110 farmers who use pesticides in vegetable farming. Sample was drawn in such a way that all kinds of farmers might be included into the sample. Statistical tools such as percentage tables were used to analyze the data, and finding revealed that varieties of pesticides were used by farmers, but awareness associated with pesticides application was not found as we expected among the respondents. Although farmers showed favorable attitudes about the risks of pesticides uses, they did not use protective tools while applying pesticides. Less than half respondents (42.27%) have got primary education whereas only less than one third (30%) respondents have secondary level of education. 77.27% male and rest of the female for this study were selected. This study furthermore deals with the experience of the respondents which begins with 1 year to 30 years while 36.36% respondents have 11 to 15 years experiences in vegetable farming but only 9.09% respondents have 26-30 years experiences. More than two third majority (95.45%) respondents have given their view that pesticides are ultimately harmful for human health although it helps to increase the production. Air pollution, land pollution, and harmful to non-target organisms were also found from the study. Majority of the respondents (vegetable producers 27.27 percent) have opinioned that they were suffering from skin problems but 20.91 % respondents have expressed headache problems whereas 7.27 % had excessive sweating problems. Few of them have reported sneezing, vomiting, muscular difficulties, respiratory difficulties and trembling hands.&#x0D; In order to study the using trend and practice of pesticides, vegetable farmers were using different types of pesticides based on their decision. No proper advices from stakeholders and extension agent were taken, and no safety tools were used at the time of pesticides' application. Some had taken partial training associated with vegetable farming although strong practical knowledge was not found. Educational awareness, pest control, safe work habits, safety tools, policy, innovative method of farming, and organic farming are recommended for the policy maker from the study.

Association between Healthy Lifestyle and Management of Hypertension; A Descriptive Study undertaking Sudanese Adult

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is recognized as a global healthcare challenge. It is considered as the leading mortality inducing factor for coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal diseases, and retinopathy. Objective: The study aims to assess the hypertension prevalence among adults in Khartoum, Sudan. It also examined the potential risk factors that are associated with hypertension. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design using a quantitative approach. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 138 adults aged 16-75 years, from March-April 2015, in the Riyadh district of Khartoum, Sudan. Using simple random sampling, the study recruited the participants from ward number 5 of Riyadh municipality. Data were collected related to the socio-demographic factors and hypertension risk factors. Results: The findings showed a prevalence of 28 percent, whereas the majority of hypertension cases were reported for the age group from 45-60 years group (13.7%). The findings revealed a substantial impact of age, stress, social status, and diabetes on hypertension with a p-value of 0.001, 0.010, 0.001, and 0.50, respectively. Conclusions: It concludes that more research needs to be conducted for the analysis of the factors which can assist the detection of hypertension. It also stresses towards instigation of the awareness programs with effective preventive interventions.

Health Care Waste Management in Government Hospitals in Western Province: A Preliminary Analysis

Health-care waste is defined as all waste generated by health-care establishments, research facilities, and laboratories. Health care waste management is a major issue in developing countries especially in South Asian countries. Western Province of Sri Lanka is no exception with its high population density and lesser land availability. Proper estimation of actual quantities of waste is an initial step towards identification of better hospital waste management options. Therefore, this study intends to quantify different waste types generated by government hospitals in the western province and aims to investigate current waste management practices and the issues related to them. Seven hospitals were randomly selected from the data available from National classification of hospitals. Different waste types of each hospital were then identified and the amount under each category was quantified using data obtained from hospital authorities and verified by actual measurements taken at different wards. Current waste management practices were also recorded for each waste type. In addition, number of wards, bed occupancy rate, number of admissions were taken from each hospital in order to calculate the rate of waste generation. According to the collected data, there were 12 different waste types in hospitals and the total annual waste quantity of surveyed hospitals is 3,868 tons. Colombo National Hospital, North-Colombo Teaching Hospital, Lady Ridgeway, Bandaragama Divisional Hospital had the highest quantity of Biodegradable waste which is 60% of the total waste produced per day. Infectious waste showed the prominent waste type in Castle Street Hospital for Women, Panadura Base Hospital and Kandana Divisional Hospital. According to the study, Lady Ridgeway Hospital has the highest rate of waste generation of 2.83 Kg/bed/day followed by North-Colombo Teaching Hospital with 2.28 Kg/bed/day. The least amount of waste generation is from Bandaragama Divisional Hospital. The common waste management method for infectious waste, sharps and pharmaceuticals is incineration although the efficiency of the process is questionable. Public nuisances and protests for incineration facilities have lead accumulation of waste in certain hospitals. Major part of plastic polythene and glass are sent for recycling. Biodegradable wastes are being sent to piggeries. The study highlights potential and the need for better waste management options. Keywords: Health care waste, Western Province, Waste generation rate

Climate variability, disasters and their impacts assessment in Manahari, rural municipality of Makwanpur, Nepal

Nepal is climatically very sensitive country because of long drought, heavy floods, landslides and soil erosion caused by changing pattern of rainfall and temperature. However, there are very limited studies related to these issues, thus this research was objectively carried out to analyze temperature and precipitation trend of study area, examine the climate pattern and assess the impacts of climate change hazards on different sectors. Ward number 7 and 8 Manahari Rural Municipality of Makwanpur district was selected as the study site. Total 40 households survey, 15 Key informants interview and two focus group discussions were conducted involving the affected local to collect the primary data. Moreover, secondary data specifically monthly maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall for thirty one years between 1985–2015 were gathered from nearest meteorological station i.e. NFI Hetauda Station (Station No. 906) and Manahari Station (Station No. 920). The drought trend was calculated using the ratio of Precipitation&lt;2Temperatures. The theoretical distribution i.e. Gumbel, Log-Pearson and Log Normal models were applied to predict the flood peaks and maximum rainfalls. The mean annual temperature was increasing at the rate of 0.0226°C per year. The highest mean annual temperature was 24.1°C in 2015. It was found that, the number of days exceeding the maximum average temperature in the period of 31 years. However, the trend of total annual precipitation in Hetauda was decreasing at the rate of 5.6607 mm per year. The highest rainfall was recorded about 3323.1 mm in year 2002 and it was the least only 1626.2 mm in 2012. The January, February, March, November and December were the driest months. Flood frequency using Log Pearson showed the highest flood in 1000 years return period. The mean rank was the highest of drought having value 5 while it was the lowest only 1.4 of flood. The slope failure at the edges of the rural roads also causes landslides which also fills the agriculture land. The locals responded that the drainage systems were poor and there were no protection structure and/or biological component to reduce landslide risk during construction periods. Major five disasters were recorded in Manahari during from March to June whereas, wildlife attack throughout the year and so on.

Nexus Between Education and Livelihoods: A Study of Tamang Community in Kathmandu

This study attempts to explore the relationship between education and livelihood of Tamang people residing Ward number 2 of Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu District. 36 head of households have been selected by simple random sampling techniques and 4 by purposive. The quantitative and qualitative both data have been collected using structured questionnaires, interview and observation tools. It was found that literacy rate of head of households was below the national literacy rate and literacy of all members of the family was above it. The access to natural capital was in diminishing trend. The livelihoods of Tamang people were still in traditional pattern. The average income of the households was close to the national per capita income with no saving and Gini coefficient of income distribution was 0.269. There was positive relationship of education attainment with income and livelihoods of people. The sustainability of livelihoods of people has been found unsecured.

Local People’s Perception on Climate Change at Kamalamai Municipality, Sindhuli

Climate change (CC) has become one of the intervening issues in the last few decades. Climate change can severely affect the way community is living, prominently the developing countries. Climate change brings out wide ranging effects on water resources, agriculture, human health and biodiversity. The study was conducted in ward number 3, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 13 of Kamalamai municipality Sindhuli, Nepal. The methods adopted for the data were key informant interviews, group discussions and observations. In order to support the primary data and secondary data were also used. The secondary sources of Data were obtained from the public documents of the different ministries, departments, Central Bureau of Statistics and journal articles. Group discussions, Key informant interviews and observation were carried out to identify the impact of climate change on vegetation and agriculture. The findings of the study show that majority of the household perceived the impact of climate change on vegetation and agriculture while very few people were unknown about the impact. Climate change expected to cause many other climatic hazards, which directly affect the economy and livelihoods of the people.

Problem and Prospects of Urban Agriculture in Some Wards of Chandernagore Municipal Corporation

In twenty first century, urban agriculture has been gaining importance and potential in developing countries. The objective of the present study was to investigate the developments and problems of urban agriculture on the special emphasis on ward numbers 28,29 and 30 of Chandernagore Municipal Corporation (CMC) of Hooghly district of West Bengal. These three wards have been chosen due to the fact that all the said three wards were composed of areas that were rural before 1995, the years in which these wards were added to CMC to provide for expansion of the town. The significant part of population still dependent on agriculture. Particular crops, especially fruits and vegetables to ensure food security to the urban consumers.

DO MANUFACTURING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES CLUSTER GEOGRAPHICALLY IN KHULNA CITY? – A SPATIAL ANALYSIS

DO MANUFACTURING SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES CLUSTER GEOGRAPHICALLY IN KHULNA CITY? – A SPATIAL ANALYSIS

The 2017 reform of the hospital sector in Poland – The challenge of consistent design

Beginning in October 2017 a system of basic hospital service provision, popularly called the ‘hospitals network’ was implemented in Poland. It covered 594 hospitals out of a total number of approx. 920 operating in 2017. The regulation’s official objectives were to: “(1) improve the organization of services delivered by hospitals; (2) improve access to hospital care; (3) optimize the number of specialist wards; (4) improve coordination of in- and out-patient care; (5) facilitate hospital management”. The aim of this paper is to describe the background of the reform planning and its formal objectives, content and implementation process, as well as to assess the preliminary results and discuss the possible limitations and implications. Although the official term ‘hospitals network’ is used to describe the reform, in practice it does not involve an element of cooperation between hospitals. The regulation’s main feature was changing the financing methods for a pre-defined scope of services (from per-case to global budget).The reform was planned and implemented on a rather ad-hoc basis while its major controversy is the lack of quality of care, health outcome and population health need measures in the network inclusion criteria. The assessment of the reform’s impact on service provision requires long-term analysis and access to detailed quantitative data.

Deployment of an Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Operating in a Resource Constrained Environment

Wireless Sensor Networks often exist in a resource constrained environment and the most critical limitation is energy or battery life. In most cases, the batteries cannot be recharged during operation and cannot be replaced during transmission without interfering with the quality of service. An efficient routing protocol that can prolong the life span of the energy source for mobile wireless sensor network (WSN) is proposed in this paper. Hierarchical routing protocol improved the life span by more than six times compared to direct techniques. Sets of varied parameters were used to obtain simulation results. A sample typical of a hospital layout was used in this paper. Wards were assigned varied sensor range which depicts number of patients that fall into these banded regions of clusters. Service centers were created to ensure that random mobilization of sensors/patient per round is achieved for one of the simulation option. Simulation rounds were carried out for non-hierarchical (direct) and lowenergy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) based routing protocols. Model validation was done by setting up a real life test using Wi-Fi sensor node module ESP8266 properly distributed, and this was done without mobility. Effect of base station location was also investigated and results tabulated. With improved battery and network life span from both simulation and live validation for hierarchical routing, quality of service is greatly improved in health-care deliveries; cost of replacing energy sources is reduced. Results were also compared with other similar works to support our conclusion. Though results were not exact when compared, parameters used could cause tolerable difference. Furthermore, same result could not be achieved for different locations, varied number of wards, varied number of sensor nodes per wards as well as variations in other modeling parameters.

Comparative study of predicting hospital solid waste generation using multiple linear regression and artificial intelligence.

A successful hospital solid waste (HSW) management needs an accurate estimation of waste generation rates. The conventional regression methods upon increasing the number of input variables hardly can predict the HSW generation rate and require more complex modeling. In return, application of machine learning methods seems to be able to increase the power of predicting the produced wastes. To predict the HSW, Multiple Linear Regression(MLR) and several Neuron- and Kernel-based machine learning methods were employed to analyze data from hospitals of Karaj metropolis. The number of wards, active and occupied beds, staffs and inpatients, and ownership type and activity years of hospital were defined as the model inputs. In addition, proposed models performance was evaluated based on coefficient of determination (R2) and Mean-Square Error (MSE). The performance of Neuron- and Kernel-based machine learning methods indicated that both models were satisfactory in predicting HSW. However, the better results of 0.82-0.86 for average R2 value and 0.003-0.008 for average MSE value, indicated relative superiority of Kernel-based models compared to Neuron based (average R2 = 0.68-0.74, average MSE = 0.009-0.023) and MLR models. Number of staffs and hospital ownership type were the most influential model variables in predicting the HSW generation rate. The machine learning methods could interpret the relationship between waste generation rate and model inputs, appropriately. Thus, they may play an effective role in developing cost-effective methods for suitable HSW management.

Physical vulnerability assessment of buildings exposed to landslides in India

Safe structures are the backbone of human coping capacity towards healthy living that can contribute significantly in reducing risk during hazards. However, due to various natural and anthropogenic activities, about 12.6% of land areas (excluding snow-covered area) in India are prone to landslide posing threat to life and property. Moreover, many structures in the hilly terrain of India are non-engineered which results in high vulnerability of buildings. Therefore, assessment of physical vulnerability is a fundamental step in reducing landslide risk. The study aims to present a methodology to assess vulnerability of the buildings using indicator-based approach at site-specific scale. Several studies to assess vulnerability of buildings due to landslides have been carried out by researchers from European countries. But these methodologies cannot be implemented successfully in India because of different geological and climatic condition. The different components of the discussed methodology for physical vulnerability of buildings exposed to landslides such as landslide intensity (a function of landslide velocity and volume) and resistance of buildings (a function of structural and non-structural features) are worked out and suggested by different researchers. However, putting them together, to present as a framework (specifically in Indian scenario) is the novelty of the present work. Further, consideration of the concept of ‘proximity of buildings to landslides’ in the process of site-specific vulnerability assessment is newly proposed. To address this issue, fifteen potential indicators contributing to vulnerability of buildings have been identified and a systematic form for documentation of data during field survey has also been prepared (keeping in view the construction bye-laws and techniques followed in India). The methodology discussed is further successfully implemented in ward number 10 of Gopeshwar Township (Chamoli District), Uttarakhand, India.