Warangal City Research Articles

Prevalence and Determinants of Overweight and Obesity in Hanamkonda District

The present study was undertaken by selecting 2931 subjects in Warangal city, to assess the prevalence of Obesity and its determinants. Among the 4663 study subjects, 2931 (62.86%) were underweight followed by 1283 (27.51%) in normal range. 210 (4.50%) were overweight, 198 (4.25%) and 41 (0.88%) were obese 1 and obese 2 respectively.Among Female, 143 (5.52%) were overweight, 140 (5.41%) and 25(0.97%) were obese 1 and 2 respectively. Among Male, 67 (3.23%) wereoverweight and 58 (2.80%) and 16 (0.77%) were obese 1 and 2 respectively. In the present study, there were more Female (55.52%) than Male (44.48%). The prevalence of overweight / obesity was found more in Female (11.90%). For the study subjects, 2170 exercised and 2493 did not exercise. Of 2170 who exercised, 219 (10.09%) of the study subjects who were overweight/ obese In the present study, the overall prevalence of overweight / obesity was 9.63% and the prevalence of overweight / obesity was 4.50% and 5.13% respectively. overweight / obesity was high in study subjects who were from urban area (9.83%) than from rural areas (8.31%).

Modeling Passenger Car Unit and Delay at Signalized Intersections in Mixed Traffic Conditions

The signalized intersections are essential nodes that directly affect the performance of the whole roadway network. The heterogeneous traffic at approaches signalized intersection makes traffic flow more chaotic. Evaluating the performance of signalized intersections is essential by taking queue length, PCU, delay, and capacity for improving the overall service quality. The guidelines followed in developed countries are not directly applicable in a country like India for practical evaluation of traffic operations. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze performance of intersections by making use of queued vehicles to develop PCU and delay models at signalized intersections in mixed traffic conditions. The present study analyzed queue length and developed a model to estimate PCU values, capacity, and delay by collecting field data from the approaches of signalized intersections in Warangal City using video graphic technic. The statistical distribution was carried out to show the significance of observed queue length, acceleration, and deceleration obtained from the field. Furthermore, new models proposed in the present study were also validated using field data, which confirms the successful validation of the models under mixed traffic conditions. The study recommends evaluating the level of service based on queue length and the proposed delay model at approaches of signalized intersections.

Urease Enzyme Activity in polluted and control soils in Warangal City, Telangana State, India

Urease Enzyme Activity in polluted and control soils in Warangal City, Telangana State, India

A Study on Consumer Awareness on the Hyundai Brand with Special Reference to Warangal City

"Customer impression" must be the most important thing if you want to stay ahead of the rest of the market. Companies must get "into the minds" of their customers. They must produce what the client desires and anticipates. They must anticipate future needs and address them effectively and efficiently. Consumer surveys are conducted regularly to keep up with the latest changes and trends in this fast- moving market space. This study was done with thesame goal in mind: to find out what current and potential Hyundai Motors customers think, need, and want. Keywords: Perception, Population, Structured & Environment Factors,

Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Sewage Irrigated Soils in Warangal City, Andhra Pradesh India

Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics of Sewage Irrigated Soils in Warangal City, Andhra Pradesh India

Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Sewage, Dairy, Aluminum, Tannery Industry Effluents Flooded Soils in Warangal City, District, Telangana, India.

Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Sewage, Dairy, Aluminum, Tannery Industry Effluents Flooded Soils in Warangal City, District, Telangana, India.

Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Sewage, Dairy, Aluminum, Tannery Industry Effluents Flooded Soils in Warangal City, District, Telangana, India.

Cellulase Enzyme Activity in Sewage, Dairy, Aluminum, Tannery Industry Effluents Flooded Soils in Warangal City, District, Telangana, India.

Performance of polypropylene textile encased stone columns

This paper explores the potential use of a woven polypropylene textile for encapsulating stone columns and improving performance of a local soft soil in Warangal city of India. A series of axial load tests were performed on stone columns of various diameters and under various encapsulation conditions that include single and double layers and other combinations. Load carrying capacity of stone column increased twice its original capacity when encapsulated with different geofabric materials. Performance enhancement strongly correlated to the tensile strength of encasement material and encapsulation condition. In addition, the influence of lateral thrust on group of stone columns arranged in square and triangular patterns were investigated. Irrespective of the material used, lateral displacement reduced by half for encased stone columns. Apart from tensile strength of encasing material, the amount of material used for encasement in the form of additional encasement layer was found to be crucial. The cost of using the polypropylene encasing material is only a third of the commercial geotextiles; however, the performance is inferior to woven geotextiles but far superior to non-woven geotextiles.

Modes, Manner of deaths and types of injuries in Warangal Municipal Limits

Accident is an unexpected, unplanned occurrence which may involve injury or it may be defined as anunpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage. Railway related injuries are not those uncommonoccurrences in forensic practice. Among the varied presentation of injuries, superficial injuries along withfractures were commonly observed. Over the last 15 years many railway accidents have happened in AndhraPradesh and in India. Following these train accidents, there has been a large amount of public debate aboutsafety management on the Indian railways. These accidents have raised issues regarding the effectiveness ofthe safety management of the railway system. This paper presents a summary of the results of a preliminarysystemic analysis of several rail accidents in and around Warangal City. The present study was conductedin the Department of Forensic Medicine, Warangal Medical College, Warangal from January 2013 to June2014 i.e., 12 months, during which the total postmortem cases were 74 occurred in the jurisdiction of theGovt. Railway Police Station, Warangal. The factors taken to enumerate the study are cause of death, mannerof death, relationship between scene of offense and cause of death, relation of intoxication status to themanner of death, age versus manner of death and period of survival.

Blood pressure distribution in relation with age, anthropometric measurements and socio economic status among school children of Warangal city, Telangana, India

Background: Hypertension is the one major global burden disease, causes 7.5 million deaths i.e.12.8%. Coronary Heart Disease Prevails 3-4% rural and 8-10% of urban population under 20 year’s age in India. Two fold rise in rural & six fold rise in urban areas since four decades. Environmental and Genetic factors i.e. Sex, BSA, obesity, family history of hypertension, dietary habits, physical activity, stress, race, ethnicity and socio economic status influence on children and adolescent. Many studies have established normal standards of BP for the children of different ages and races in their countries. Indian children cannot be adopted due to differences in ethnic, socio-economic, dietetic, environmental and emotional factors.Methods: A cross sectional study done with 2422 children of 5 to 16 years age school children, selected from 13 Schools (Government and Private) of Urban and Rural areas of Warangal.Results: A linear increase in mean BP with age, sex, weight, height, social status and locality. DBP has strong negative correlation with sex. i.e. female have high DBP and children of lower class and rural area has high DBP. 54 children <85th and 95th percentile and 5 children >95th percentile has comparatively high mean BP, 27 children with history of Hypertension in parents are >85th and 95th percentiles. Positive correlation with BMI in both sexes studied. A multivariate regression study confers positive strong correlation of Mean SBP and DBP with anthropometry.Conclusions: Observed similar results of SBP and DBP in both sexes, linear Increase in mean SBP and DBP with increasing age, weight, height and BMI. Family history of hypertension and high SES had direct correlation to SBP and DBP; class I SES has higher Mean SBP than class III SES.

Seismic assessment of existing gravity load-designed RC framed building: a case study from Warangal, India

Most of the existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in India are either designed before the existence of seismic design codes or without proper provisions to resist lateral loads. These structures generally possess low strength and limited ductility, thereby always prone to global failure and are a primary reason for causalities during an earthquake. Hence, seismic evaluation of these structures and strengthening, if necessary, is essential to prevent a disaster during its serviceable lifetime. In this investigation, a four-storied (G+3) RC building structure in Warangal city, Telangana State, India, has been selected as a case study. Furthermore, the structure is to be extended vertically by two stories above the existing configuration. The structural and material inputs to the analytical model are updated from visual inspection and nondestructive tests, followed by an analytical study. From the analytical study, the seismic capacity of the existing gravity load-designed structure itself is found to be inadequate for seismic requirements. Since the structure is to be extended vertically, the existing building needs to be strengthened appropriately to withstand additional loads and remain functional throughout its lifetime. The outcome of the seismic analysis is checked for conformity using demand and capacity requirement of the structural components of the six-storied (G+5) structure. This behavior mimics the current scenario of existing RC buildings in this locality, which needs to be appropriately strengthened. It has been observed from the analysis that the RC building was vulnerable to the seismic forces and needed retrofitting to remain functional during its service life.

Future land use land cover scenario simulation using open source GIS for the city of Warangal, Telangana, India

Geographical Information System (GIS) and remote sensing have become necessary tools in finding out land use land cover (LULC) change integrated with their associated driving factors. The utilization of satellite imagery made it easy to interpret the highly urbanized Warangal City that has experienced a lot of change in LULC during the last few decades. This paper discusses the ability of the integration of cellular automata (CA) and Markov chain–based 2D land use simulation module conjunction with GIS techniques. Markov chain algorithm is used for calibration and optimization by considering LULC of appropriate set of images for the years 2004, 2006, and 2018. Transitional change in LULC from one class to another is simulated using an artificial neural network (ANN) while cellular automata simulation is carried out to predict the plausible future LULC for the year 2052 after validating the model using the LULC of the year 2018. Analysis of the multi-temporal LULC maps indicated that the biophysical and socio-economic factors have greatly influenced the rise in built up while a decrease in agriculture in the year 2052. In conclusion, this technique is a powerful tool for monitoring and modeling change in land cover. Further suggestions for government officials are provided for an effective policymaking and to protect the land resource.

Importance of ‘DAF’ in evaluating structural adequacy of gravity-load designed RC buildings

The existing RC buildings in urban habitat comprises of buildings mostly constructed either before evolution of seismic provisions or has been designed only for resisting gravity loads. These buildings are found to be vulnerable for any accidental damages to any of the critical load-bearing member in the form of progressive collapse. Hence, accurate estimation of structural adequacy is imminent in transforming the existing vulnerable building stock into a sustainable building environment. Progressive collapse of structural systems is often resulted from the failure of critical structural members and change of load transfer path. The progressive collapse potential can be accurately estimated using nonlinear dynamic analysis. However, in engineering practice, a simplified linear static analysis (LSA) is often carried out with a dynamic amplification factor (DAF) to approximate the dynamic forces. In this study, the correctness of estimation of dynamic demand during progressive collapse mechanism is investigated using DAF for structural models comprising of G + 3 story, G + 10 story and G + 12 story hypothetical RC building models. The structural models are designed as per IS 456: 2000, and progressive collapse mechanism is initiated by identification and removal of load bearing critical column member leading to global failure of the structure. Nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic analysis (NLD) is carried out using SAP2000. Structural adequacy is ascertained by computing the demand-capacity ratios (DCR) of the requisite structural members identified to be inadequate during nonlinear analysis. It has been observed from the results that DAF is inconsistent in estimating the dynamic demand for high rise buildings. The outcome of the analysis is checked with the structural behavior of existing building structure (located in Warangal city, Telangana state, India) presented in case study and can be concluded that nonlinear dynamic analysis appears to be the only alternative for analyzing the structural behavior of important high-rise buildings.

Seismic hazard curves for Warangal city in Peninsular India

A site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) has been carried out for the heritage city Warangal in Telangana state of Peninsular India. The Cornell–McGuire approach of PSHA has been considered to estimate the hazard. The area of influence is taken as 500 km radius. A homogeneous and updated earthquake catalogue was compiled for the considered area which was later categorized into four seismic sources (zones) considering the earthquake epicentre and geology. The seismic parameters a and b were estimated and the b value of the for the four seismic zones ranges from 0.72 to 0.97, whereas the a value ranges from 2.45 to 3.20. The results obtained are shown as uniform hazard curves and hazard maps showing the spatial variation peak ground acceleration (PGA) considering 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years. The PGA and PSA values were compared with NDMA (Development of probabilistic seismic hazard map of India, technical report of the Working Committee of Experts (WCE), National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Govt. of India, New Delhi, 2010) and IS 1893-1 (Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures, part 1: general provisions and buildings, 6th edition, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2016). The study focussed on understanding the possibility of seismic hazard at the heritage city Warangal in Peninsular India.

Site selection for urban solid waste disposal for Warangal city using geospatial techniques

Site selection for urban solid waste disposal for Warangal city using geospatial techniques

Traffic Impact Analysis for Proposed Construction in Warangal City

Traffic congestion is reaching intolerable levels in many cities in both developed and developing countries. New building developments are cited as one of the major causes of congestion in the cities. The uncontrolled growth of these developments adversely affects the quality of life and aggravates environmental and safety problems. Generally, it is seen that the new constructions are initiated and developed without giving due consideration to the ability of the existing transportation facilities to handle the additional traffic. Though the demand and supply characteristics of a transportation system must complement each other, it is not practically feasible to increase the supply infinitely to meet the demand. Hence, it is evident that Traffic Impact Analysis plays an important role in managing and reducing the uncontrolled development and its negative impacts on transportation system, environment and economy. A traffic impact analysis is an engineering study which assesses the adequacy of the existing or future transportation infrastructure to accommodate additional trips generated by a proposed development, redevelopment or land rezoning. The purpose of a traffic impact analysis review is to assess potential traffic impacts, identify acceptable mitigation strategic plan for the transportation requirement of future development, and maintain a balance between land use and quality of transportation services. An attempt has been made in this study to carry out traffic impact analysis for a proposed development in Warangal city. In this work, trip rate for the proposed development is computed on the basis of trip rates of similar existing developments. Combined Trip distribution and Assignment has been carried out using Traffic count based distribution model. Future condition Analysis has been done and appropriate mitigation measures are suggested.

Demographic Profile of Pattern of Railway Injuries in Warangal Municipal Limits, A. P.

Accident is an unexpected, unplanned occurrence which may involve injury or it may be defined as an unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage. Railway related injuries are not those uncommon occurrences in forensic practice. Among the varied presentation of injuries, superficial injuries along with fractures were commonly observed. Over the last 15 years many railway accidents have happened in Andhra Pradesh and in India. Following these train accidents, there has been a large amount of public debate about safety management on the Indian railways. These accidents have raised issues regarding the effectiveness of the safety management of the railway system. This paper presents a summary of the results of a preliminary systemic analysis of several rail accidents in and around Warangal City. The present study was conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Warangal Medical College, Warangal, from January 2013 to June 2014 i.e., 18 months, during which the total postmortem cases were 74 occurred in the jurisdiction of the Govt. Railway Police Station, Warangal. The factors taken to enumerate the study are the incidence of deaths month wise, age and sex, marital status, scene of offence and habitat during railway accidents.

A Study On Influence Of Real Municipal Solid Waste Leachate On Properties Of Soils In Warangal, India

Warangal city generates three hundred tons of garbage daily which is dropped into the Rampur dump yard by Warangal Municipal Corporation (WMC). Dumping of wastes will lead to the formation of leachate which in turn will cause environmental issues like soil and ground water contamination. Chemical analysis of leachate indicates that calcium, chloride, sodium and magnesium are the major ions, along with organic content. This leads to contamination of soil as well as ground water bodies. In this study, authors have attempted to know the behavior of soil under the influence of leachate. Contaminated specimens were prepared and tested for Atterberg limits, shear strength, swell potential and hydraulic conductivity of CH and SC which are present in the dumping yard. Index properties, hydraulic conductivity and swell potential decreased with increase in leachate concentration. Unconfined compressive strength also showed an increase. The decrease in hydraulic conductivity indicated the clogging of pores. In a nutshell, the present work deals with the impact of leachate on the index and engineering properties of CH and red soil.

Attitude and practices among nurses regarding oral health care of nonambulatory patients in hospitals of Warangal city - Telangana, India

Introduction: Dental care for chronically ill and nonambulatory patients has an impact on the clinical outcomes and well-being. Poor oral care can result in nutritional deficiency, infections and can have an adverse effect on quality of life. Hence, oral hygiene of these patients is a basic responsibility of nurses. Aim: This study aims to assess the attitudes and practices among nurses regarding the oral health care of nonambulatory patients in hospitals of Warangal city, Telangana. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at five private and one government hospitals of Warangal city, Telangana. Data were collected among 208 nurses using pretested self-administered questionnaire regarding attitude and practices of nurses toward oral health care of nonambulatory patients. Responses were coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Results: Majority of the nurses (45.2%) stated that trained nurses carry out the oral care in wards. About 53.8% nurses reported that uncooperative patients hinder them in performing oral care, 47% considered cleaning the oral cavity of the patients as an unpleasant task, and 70.2% nurses felt that checking the oral cavity and its status of the patient is their responsibility. Conclusion: Practices and attitudes of nurses on oral health care toward nonambulatory patients are found to be satisfactory.

Health Care Waste Management in Warangal City

Health care waste is produced from a number of activities performed in different areas of health care facilities. If it not disposed properly, poses serious threat to public health and to the environment. Hence an attempt is made to study the present state of health care waste management in Warangal and to determine awareness level, practices and the attitude towards it. This study was done in Warangal city. Category 1, 4, 7 wastes were segregated by 35%, 43%and 30% of the health care centres respectively. The final disposal options were present only in medical college teaching hospital. the management of category 8 waste, the underground drainage system was observed in 55% health care centres. Most of the health care centres not practiced disinfection before final disposal. Out 40 health care centres, 70% were manually transporting the waste to the site of final disposal. Only 30% centres were using containers and trolleys for transportation of waste. 35% health care centres burn the waste in the open field and 42% centres throw the waste indiscriminately around their premises. Only 8% health care centres use incineration as disposal option and another 5% use burial as disposal option. 20% centres dump the waste in public bin.