Wall Shear Research Articles

SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF RC FRAMED STRUCTURE CONSIDERING L-SHAPED SHEAR WALL AND HOLLOW CORE SHEAR WALL USING ETABS

This paper conducts a seismic analysis of a 20- story RCC residential building with integrated shear walls, aiming to optimize their placement. Seven structural models were evaluated, exploring different placements of shear walls inside and outside the building envelope. Using the response spectrum method in ETABS software, the study analyzed the structure located in Zone III, with medium to stiff soil conditions. Key parameter assessed is story displacement. The findings reveal significant performance differences between conventional RCC structures and those with shear walls, showing enhanced resistance to shear forces and overall structural performance. Placing shear walls at interior center edges was found most effective, with corners also proving effective compared to interior placements. Optimal placement near the building core enhances resilience against seismic forces, emphasizing the critical role of strategic shear wall placement in fortifying buildings in earthquake-prone areas. Key Words: Shear wall, RC Framed Building, Dynamic Analysis, Response Spectrum Analysis, Comparative Analysis, ETABS Software.

Effect of corrugated plate arrangements on the performance of steel shear wall frames

Nowadays, the use of corrugated steel shear walls with sinusoidal, triangular, and trapezoidal profiles, which are stiffened steel walls without stiffener, is recommended for delaying the premature occurrence of buckling in the plate. The arrangement of corrugated plates in the structural frame alters seismic parameters; therefore, this research focuses on various arrangements of inclined corrugated plates. For this purpose, experimental specimens are first validated under cyclic quasi-static loading using ABAQUS finite element software. Subsequently, the design of four different arrangements of inclined corrugated plates with three profiles of trapezoidal, sinusoidal, and triangular is conducted and compared with vertical and horizontal arrangements. Based on the results, the triangular waveform demonstrated better energy absorption, initial stiffness, and ultimate strength. Investigation of different plate thicknesses for triangularly corrugated shear walls, including 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75 mm, showed that increasing the wall thickness improved the seismic behavior. Additionally, Arrangement No. 1 (inclined arrangement) provided the highest energy absorption and ultimate strength; however, its behavior in the hysteresis curve was asymmetric. This issue has been addressed by implementing a double arrangement of plates.

No more black-boxes: estimate deformation capacity of non-ductile RC shear walls based on generalized additive models

AbstractMachine learning techniques have gained attention in earthquake engineering for their accurate predictions, but their opaque black-box models create ambiguity in the decision-making process due to inherent complexity. To address this issue, numerous methods have been developed in the literature that attempt to elucidate and interpret black-box machine learning methods. However, many of these methods evaluate the decision-making processes of the relevant machine learning techniques based on their own criteria, leading to varying results across different approaches. Therefore, the critical significance of developing transparent and interpretable models, rather than describing black-box models, becomes particularly evident in fields such as earthquake engineering, where the interpretation of the physical implications of the problem holds paramount importance. Motivated by these considerations, this study aims to advance the field by developing a novel methodological approach that prioritizes transparency and interpretability in estimating the deformation capacity of non-ductile reinforced concrete shear walls based on an additive meta-model representation. Specifically, this model will leverage engineering knowledge to accurately predict the deformation capacity, utilizing a comprehensive dataset collected from various locations globally. Furthermore, the integration of uncertainty analysis within the proposed methodology facilitates a comprehensive investigation into the influence of individual shear wall variables and their interactions on deformation capacity, thereby enabling a detailed understanding of the relationship dynamics. The proposed model stands out by aligning with scientific knowledge, practicality, and interpretability without compromising its high level of accuracy.

Analysis of RCC Framed 45 Storey Building Using Different Combination of Outriggers

In this modern age of civil engineering, the construction industry has embraced a notable inclination towards erecting towering structures, with skyscrapers emerging as integral components of urban development. This trend presents a multifaceted challenge, not only for architects but also for structural engineers, who must ensure these high-rise edifices possess a robust design foundation capable of withstanding diverse loads and their combinations. While both wind and seismic forces exert significant pressures on tall buildings, the former often takes precedence due to its higher magnitude and frequency. Consequently, the structural design of high-rise buildings necessitates careful consideration of gravity, wind, and seismic loads. This study delves into the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) framed high-rise buildings (comprising 45 stories) augmented with outrigger truss systems constructed from both concrete and steel bracings. By exploring various configurations of outrigger placement, the aim is to mitigate structural deflection and compare the efficacy against conventional RC systems, both with and without shear walls.

The Behavior of Low-Yield Point Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls in Strengthening RC Frames

The Behavior of Low-Yield Point Corrugated Steel Plate Shear Walls in Strengthening RC Frames

Study on the shear mechanism of horizontal joints within UVDR precast shear wall by quasi-static test and finite element analysis

This research introduced a novel precast shear wall designed to address prevalent challenges encountered in precast shear wall structures, such as issues with difficult installation, high expenses, and the uncertain quality of grouting by eliminating the connection of the vertical distributing bars. Early experimental verification of this novel structural system showcased favourable results concerning its seismic performance. Building upon this groundwork, the paper presented an elaborate horizontal joint deformation model, demonstrating its precise analysis of damage modes and interface slip in the novel structural system with high reliability. Furthermore, in an effort to enhance the damage mode of this novel precast shear wall under conditions of low axial compression ratio, the study introduced and evaluated two improvement measures through finite element parametric analysis. The findings indicated a noticeable enhancement in capacity and a simultaneous reduction in interface slip with the proposed improvement measures. Additionally, the section steel measures were more effective than the additional bars measures.

Study on seismic behavior of prefabricated shear wall with pressed cone sleeves (PCSs)

Current prefabricated shear walls predominantly utilize grouting sleeves for connection, whereas an in-depth review and summary of the current state of research have indicated a 26.7 % construction defect rate in these sleeves due to present construction techniques. To solve the problem of defects, this study introduced a novel prefabricated shear wall design using vertical rebars connected via pressed cone sleeves (PCSs). Three reinforced concrete (RC) prefabricated shear walls with different vertical rebars connected and tested under cyclic horizontal load and constant vertical load to study the seismic performance, including cast-in-situ shear wall (specimen SW1), partial sleeve grouting defects shear wall (specimen SW2) and shear wall with vertical rebars connected via PCSs (PCSs-SW, specimen SW3). Key performance indicators such as failure modes, hysteresis curves, shear capacity, stiffness, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stress characteristics were evaluated. The results of the tests revealed that SW1 and SW3 failures resulted from a combination of bending moment and shear force, whereas SW2 failure in the area of grout sleeve defects connection. Compared to the specimen SW2, the SW3 owns better shear bearing capacity, ductility, stiffness, energy dissipating capacity and reliable seismic performance. Meanwhile, SW3 and SW1 exhibited the similar seismic performance, can primarily achieve the effect of “equivalent cast-in-situ”. Finite element (FE) model of specimen SW3 were developed by using software ABAQUS, and the precision and utility of FE models verified by testing data. Using proposed FE models, an extensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the influencing factors on the seismic performance of precast fabricated RC shear wall, including axial compression ratio, concrete strength, vertical rebar strengths and vertical rebar diameters.

Investigating the influences of the geometry and orientation of corrugation in the steel shear walls on the cyclic behavior through the use of finite element analysis

To dampen the loading sequences in the constructions, using the shear walls is recommended. Shear walls, which withstand the lateral forces (i.e., parallel to the plane of the wall) of wind and seismic activity, prevent buildings from collapsing while columns and load-bearing walls support the structure’s compression load all the way to the foundation. Besides, some new techniques are innovated for strengthening the structure like outrigger system. The steel shear walls are mostly used in the steel structures due to their high strength, ductility, and low weight. Recently, implementing Corrugated Steel Shear Walls (CSSWs) has gained more attention because they can absorb much amount of energy compared to flat steel shear walls. There are two important parameters in the CSSWs that play crucial roles in controlling their strength; corrugation geometry and orientation. Therefore, the current research paper aims to study numerically the effects of four corrugation geometries (trapezoidal, square, zigzag, and curved) with two orientations on the cyclic behavior of the CSSWs. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the seismic loading conditions and finally, this procedure is validated through the comparison of the modeled flat shear wall with the experimentally published results. The difference between the peak loads of hysteresis curves obtained numerically and experimentally is about 8.5%. The stated FEA procedure in this paper can be regenerated by other researchers. The results confirmed the applicability of the CSSWs compared to the flat shear walls. Also, the vertical corrugation infill patterns result in higher strength in comparison to the horizontal ones. For instance, in the zigzag and square corrugation shapes, the plastic energy dissipation of the vertically oriented specimens (13.84 and 14.01 KJ, respectively) is higher around 7% and 29%, respectively than the horizontally oriented ones (12.9 and 10.84 KJ, respectively). Besides, the trapezoidal and curved corrugation geometries show the highest cumulated energy and plastic energy dissipation.

Structural Performance of Ferrocement Hollow Shear Walls Subjected to Lateral and Compressive Axial Loads

In this study, ten shear walls were experimentally tested to examine behaviour of ferrocement hollow shear walls subjected to axial and lateral loads. Ferrocement mortar (FM) was used to build eight walls, while normal concrete (NC) was used to build two controls. Walls were lateral reinforced using conventional stirrups, two layers of welded wire mesh (WWM), and expanded steel mesh (ESM). Two specimens lacked lateral reinforcement except for one transverse web in the center of the inner hole. Two symmetric groups of five walls each were created by dividing the walls. While the other group was loaded laterally, one group was loaded axially. In each group, the load–displacement relationship, maximum load and associated displacement, stiffness, ductility, and failure mechanism of FM and NC walls were compared. The results showed that FM walls provided with ESM and WWM had ultimate axial loads that were, respectively, 36% and 19% higher than NC control walls. Ultimate lateral loads and related ultimate drifts of FM walls reinforced with two layers of WWM and ESM were, respectively, 68% and 39%, 96% and 43.5%, larger than control NC wall. For lateral loads greater than those applied to the NC control wall, stiffness increase ratios for FM walls ranged from 2.5% to 89.5%, and for axial loads, they ranged from 20% to 150.5%. The ductility of FM walls increased when compared to NC walls by 58.5% and 158.8% for axial and lateral loading, respectively, when two layers of WWM were utilized to lateral reinforce FM walls. When two layers of ESM were applied to laterally reinforce FM walls in comparison to an NC wall, this increased the walls' ductility under axial and lateral loads by 110.5% and 214.7%, respectively.

Damage Evaluation of Fabricated Shear Wall Reinforced with Angle Steel Using Acoustic Emission Technology

Damage Evaluation of Fabricated Shear Wall Reinforced with Angle Steel Using Acoustic Emission Technology

A Review paper Advancements in Shear Wall Design for Seismic Resistance in Residential Buildings: A Comprehensive Review

This comprehensive review synthesizes diverse studies, providing valuable insights into the advancements, challenges, and future directions in shear wall design for seismic resistance in multi-story residential buildings. It serves as a reference for researchers, engineers, and practitioners seeking a deeper understanding of shear wall dynamics in the context of structural stability and seismic resilience. Shear walls are a prevalent feature in multi-story constructions as they effectively counteract horizontal forces and offer substantial rigidity and durability within the same plane. This unique quality allows them to carry both significant horizontal loads and provide support for vertical or gravitational loads, thereby presenting a valuable asset in the realm of structural engineering applications. The location and arrangement of shear walls in a building are important factors in their effectiveness in resisting seismic loads. Studies have shown that shear walls arranged in the form of a core at the center of the building are the most effective in reducing top-story displacement during earthquakes. Corrugated steel plate shear walls (CPSW) have been introduced as an alternative to flat steel plate shear walls (FPSW) due to their advantages in terms of stiffness, strength, and ductility. Double layer corrugated steel plate shear walls (DCPSW) have been found to have the highest inelastic deformations, which can be considered an advantage over CPSWs. End shear walls in tall buildings have been shown to decrease maximum inter-story drift and improve seismic performance. Keywords: Shear walls, multi-story residential buildings, lateral support, seismic performance, structural integrity, retrofitting, literature review

Effect of Design Optimality and Overstrength on the Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Shear Walls

Effect of Design Optimality and Overstrength on the Seismic Performance of Steel Plate Shear Walls

Theoretical and simulation study on the vibration modes of shear walls in prefabricated modular construction

Abstract As prefabricated construction advances, the enhanced informatization and the industrialized modular construction method of MIC (Modular integrated construction) shear walls have been widely applied in real projects. MIC shear walls are generally made up of prefabricated wall modules with varying strength grades, using concrete of various ages, and are combined with cast-in-place concrete. Due to the unique construction requirements of these walls, defects such as interfacial delamination and internal voids might occur, arising from factors like concrete shrinkage and creep, complex interfacial structures, inadequate compaction during vibration, and construction process issues. Since these interfacial defects cannot be visually inspected from the exterior, developing non-destructive testing (NDT) methods specifically for detecting such defects in shear walls becomes an urgent necessity. This paper utilizes a combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to explore the vibration modes of MIC shear walls with hidden defects. First, a theoretical model is proposed for the local vibration modes of MIC shear wall shells with consideration of interfacial delamination defects. Then, a numerical simulation model is established based on MIC shear wall construction and defect features to simulate the vibration behavior accurately. Finally, after examining the theoretical and simulated vibration characteristics of MIC shear walls, a significant theoretical foundation is established for identifying interfacial defects in MIC shear walls.

Optimized data representation and understanding method for the intelligent design of shear wall structures

The generative intelligent design of building structures has been a rapidly evolving field in recent years, with shear wall structures efficiently designed using generative adversarial networks (GANs). Nevertheless, using RGB images to represent structural design drawings may not accurately capture the correlations and distinctions between building components, leading to shear-wall structure design inaccuracies. To address these challenges, this study proposes an optimized data representation and understanding method for the intelligent design of shear wall structures. Specifically, a component-based feature space data representation method was introduced to achieve a more accurate description of drawing features. A feature mask was also employed to precisely locate the key target areas for generating shear walls, enhancing the model's understanding of the data features. Additionally, a GAN with global and local discriminators was established to enhance the neural network's ability to generate shear wall designs at both the global image and local component levels. Finally, a training method for a GAN with dual discriminators based on feature masks is proposed. Experimental analyses and case studies showed that, compared with existing widely used GAN-based designs, the structural designs generated by the GAN trained with the proposed data representation and understanding methods demonstrated superior consistency with engineer-designed structures and outperformed structural seismic resistance.

Seismic performance analysis and control method of composite coupled shear wall with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams

This paper based on the study of steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beam components, designs a basic model of composite coupled shear walls with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams. The seismic performance of this model was numerically simulated using the ABAQUS finite element software, analyzing the stress distribution of various parts and the development pattern of plastic hinges in the structure. It also examines how factors such as axial compression ratio, coupling beam cross-sectional dimensions, single-sided wall limb aspect ratio, and total floor height affect the seismic performance of this type of coupled shear wall, providing a reasonable range for axial compression ratios and coupling ratios for composite coupled shear walls with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams. Based on the obtained reasonable axial compression ratio and coupling ratio, and using the analytical solution of the continuum method, a method for controlling the seismic performance of coupled shear wall structures was proposed. Results show that the composite coupled shear walls with steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beams exhibit high load-bearing capacity and lateral stiffness under inverted triangular horizontal loads, with good displacement ductility and strong energy dissipation capability, making it an excellent seismic performance coupled shear wall system. As the axial compression ratio increases, the displacement corresponding to the yield point and peak point of the structure gradually decreases, and the displacement ductility coefficient shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing; it is recommended that when designing steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete coupling beam-coupled shear walls, the axial compression ratio should not exceed 0.3. Numerical analysis of coupling ratio-related parameters indicates that in high-intensity seismic design areas, the range of coupling ratios should be between 45% and 60%.

Transferring Reaction Forces by External Post-Tensioning of Load-Bearing Shear Walls

Transferring Reaction Forces by External Post-Tensioning of Load-Bearing Shear Walls

Intelligent design and optimization system for shear wall structures based on large language models and generative artificial intelligence

Intelligent design technology for shear wall structures has great potential for enhancing design efficiency and addressing the challenges of tedious and repetitive design tasks. Recently, there has been a surge in the development of this technology. However, existing deep learning-based design methods for shear wall structures suffer from poor quality and usability issues. To address these challenges, this study proposes an intelligent design and optimization system for shear wall structures based on large language models (LLMs) and generative artificial intelligence (AI). The system employs an LLM as the core controller, which interacts with engineers to interpret their language descriptions and translate them into executable computer code. Subsequently, the system utilizes the corresponding structural generation and optimization methods to accomplish intelligent design tasks automatically. Furthermore, the system incorporates such critical factors as the empirical rules, mechanical performance, and material consumption into the structural optimization process. A unique three-level, two-stage optimization method is constructed based on topology, pattern, and size to enhance the overall design quality. Being able to complete the entire workflow of architectural drawing processing, structural scheme generation, and analysis model establishment, the proposed system enables automated and efficient design of shear wall structures. Through the analysis and validation of multiple cases, it was demonstrated that this system can significantly speed up the design by approximately 30 times compared to that of traditional methods whilst ensuring the safety and cost-effectiveness of the design schemes. Consequently, this study provides valuable insights for the advancement of automated structural design undertakings.

Seismic performance evaluation of hybrid coupled shear wall system with shear and flexural fuse-type steel coupling beams

Seismic performance evaluation of hybrid coupled shear wall system with shear and flexural fuse-type steel coupling beams

Study on prefabricated composite shear wall cladding anti-shedding connection structure

Fabricated steel structure systems have undergone significant advancements. However, problems associated with exterior wall panel systems have become increasingly prominent, particularly the issue of exterior wall panel shedding. Three full-scale fabricated composite shear wall exterior panel components were designed and tested under quasi-static conditions. The failure sequence and characteristics of the exterior wall panels at different displacement angles, including their out-of-plane displacement and stiffness degradation, were evaluated to assess their seismic and connection performance in different building construction methods. The results indicated that drilling holes near the centre of autoclaved lightweight concrete (ALC) boards improved the seismic performance of wall panels. Long round holes in the ALC boards allowed the dissipation of sliding energy during the initial deformation of wall panels. Furthermore, wall panels with bonded anchorage connections for rockwool boards exhibited better seismic performance than those with pure anchorage connections. To verify the accuracy of the findings, a structural finite element model was established, and the influences of various parameters, such as the position of ALC board connecting bolts, length of ALC board holes, and bonding rate of rockwool boards, on the stress and deformation of the exterior wall panel system were analyzed. Based on the test results and finite element simulation analysis, an anti-shedding connection construction method was proposed.

Linear Analysis of Tall Buildings and Tension Cracking of Shear Walls

Linear Analysis of Tall Buildings and Tension Cracking of Shear Walls