Wall Sculpture Research Articles

Establishment of the UiTM Retrospective into Integrated Wall Painting and Wall Sculpture as Public Art

This project deals with outdoor locations and UiTM to beautify the environment. Therefore, this subject's objective is to share how the art practice research was dealt with and established the establishment of the UiTM retrospective into public art. The methods involved reflecting and reviewing related literature and artwork to paradigm the formulation of a new formation of design work. The work of mural design and painting with the selected mode of colour. This project was associated with concept and mapping with the environment that functionalised to public attraction. Keywords: Mural Art, Public Art, Iron Rod Sculpture eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3774

Inactivation effects of plasma-activated water on Fusarium graminearum

The continuous usage of fungicides poses a potential threat to the environment, ranging from mere irritation to being very toxic to human beings and organisms. Plasma-activated water (PAW) has recently gained much interest as a promising candidate to inactivate phytopathogens. However, the inactivation mechanisms of PAW are still not well understood. In this study, the effect of PAW on the cellular responses of Fusarium graminearum and the efficacy of PAW against F. graminearum in vivo and in vitro were investigated. The results showed that microbial activity of spores was significantly inhibited by PAW treatment (P<0.05). The symptoms caused by F. graminearum were significantly reduced on the wheat spikelets. PAW could induce cell wall sculpturing, membrane permeability changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Differential gene expression analysis also confirmed that the cell membrane, the cell wall and the mitochondria were the organelles most affected by PAW. The results from this study facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the responses of F. graminearum to PAW and indicate the potential of PAW as a fungicidal agent or an effective supplement to fungicides.

Anatomija izgubljenog spomenika – Rekompozicija pročelja romaničke katedrale u Zadru

Članak govori o pročelju katedrale u Zadru. Riječ je o romaničkoj bazilici izgrađenoj u 12. stoljeću te u 13. stoljeću produženoj na pročelnoj strani. Tada je izvorna fasada razgrađena, a brojni dijelovi njezine arhitektonske plastike ugrađeni su u sklop novoga zida. Riječ je o svojevrsnoj rekompoziciji prvotnih portala, slijepih galerija, njihovih vijenaca, stupića, kapitela, udvojenih arkada, velike rozete i niza pojedinosti koje pružaju mogućnost spoznavanja izvornoga izgleda pročelja. Autor analizom plastike zida, čitanjem stilskih i tehničkih pojedinosti na elementima ugrađenim u presloženu fasadu, nastoji razlučiti stare od novih dijelova zida, pokušava protumačiti formu i anatomiju izgubljenoga spomenika, donekle očuvanoga u obnovljenoj arhitektonskoj kompoziciji nove cjeline, njezina obrisa i važnih pojedinosti. Dakle, makar posredno, ipak otisnutoga prvotnog oblika u novome pročelju romaničke katedrale. Zahvat je zanimljiv i kao svojevrsna rekompozicija izgubljenoga spomenika.

Tentaculitids and their evolutionary significance in the Early Devonian Dashatian section, South China

Tentaculitoids have long been recognised as an enigmatic group of marine invertebrates that are widely distributed and highly diversified in the Silurian and Devonian strata. A tentaculitid assemblage is described herein from the Nagaoling Formation spanning the Lochkovian–Pragian boundary in Nanning, South China. Six new species are recognised: Tentaculitesbrevitenui n. sp., Lonchidium cylicus n. sp., Bicingulites nanningensis n. sp., Odessites aurisites n. sp., O. nahongensis n. sp. and Volynites nagaolingensis n. sp. are diagnosed. Two species Podolites sp. and Seretites sp. and one population Uniconus spp. are described in open nomenclature. All above tentaculitid genera can be detected in the Silurian strata from Sweden. The tentaculitids from South China allow transitional skeletal characters between benthic and planktonic tentaculitoids to be described, including conch size, conch wall thickness, septum number and the relationship between external and internal wall sculptures. The fossil assemblage, sedimentary rocks and taphonomic characters indicate that tentaculitids of Nagaoling Formation in South China were deposited in an outer shelf region with weak hydrodynamic condition.

Organic-walled microfossils from the late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic lower Shaler Supergroup (Arctic Canada): Diversity and biostratigraphic significance

The diversification of acritarchs (organic-walled vesicular microfossils of unknown affinity), filamentous, and multicellular microorganisms, happened during a time of profound environmental, biological, and ecological change. The Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic transition is a key interval, notably for eukaryotic organisms. New assemblages of organic-walled microfossils from the ca. 1230 Ma to 900 Ma lower Shaler Supergroup of Arctic Canada record an impressive diversity, including macroscopic compressions of Chuaria circularis and numerous unambiguous eukaryotic taxa. The index taxon Trachyhystrichosphaera aimika co-occurs with eukaryotic taxa hitherto reported only from earlier (Dictyosphaera, Gigantosphaeridium, Satka favosa – sensu Javaux and Knoll, 2016) or later (Microlepidopalla) time intervals. Five new taxa, comprising the spheroidal acritarchs with inner wall sculpture Nunatsiaquus cryptotorus n. gen., n. sp. and Daedalosphaera digitisigna n. gen., n. sp.; the acanthomorphs (spiny acritarchs) with regularly distributed processes Herisphaera arbovela n. gen., n. sp. and Herisphaera triangula n. sp.; and the process-bearing multicellular Ourasphaira giraldae n. gen., n. sp.; are reported, along with three unnamed forms. Collectively, these remarkable microfossils (63 taxa, including 25 eukaryotic forms) demonstrate the greatest diversity of eukaryotes ever recorded for this time interval.

Berriasian planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils from Crimea Mountains, with reference to microfossil evolution

A Berriasian age planktonic foraminifera assemblage from a section near the village of Krasnoselivka in the Tonas River Basin, Crimea contains Favusella hoterivica (Subbotina), ?Favusella sp., Conoglobigerina gulekhensis (Gorbachik and Poroshina), Lilliputinella eocretacea (Neagu), Lilliputinella aff. similis (Longoria), Hedbergella aff. handousi Salaj and ? Globuligerina sp. Specimens are poorly preserved, but test morphology, aperture and key wall texture features are recognizable. Age assignment is based on a diverse and well-preserved calcareous nannofossils assemblage of upper zone CC2 and ammonites (Jacobi Zone). The nannfossils indicate an open marine environment of Tethyan affinity. Several of the planktonic foraminiferal taxa were not previously described from pre-Valanginian or Hauterivian strata. XRD analysis of the tests of benthic and planktonic foraminifera and micro-gastropods shows these to be calcitic in composition, also of those benthic and planktonic foraminifera that were deemed to be originally aragonitic in composition, indicating diagenetic changes in carbonate fractions. From detailed comparison to Jurassic planktonic foraminifera, two lineages are proposed from Late Jurassic into earliest Cretaceous: Globuligerina oxfordiana (Grigelis) to Favusella hoterivica (Subbotina) and Globuligerina balakhmatovae (Morozova) to Lilliputinella eocretacea (Neagu). The first lineage is a gradual change in wall sculpture from rugulose to reticulate and the second one a change to a lower spire, more ovate chambers of which the last one may be much larger in size and shift of the aperture out of the umbilicus. The meagre evolution of early planktonic foraminifera from Toarcian through Tithonian with only two genera and fewer than ten species does not follow the evolutionary diversity pattern of nannofossils and dinoflagellates. Tithonian appears to be a bottleneck for planktonic foraminifera, with a sparse record and virtual extinction. The so-called Globigerina oxfordiana from the Tithonian in ODP Site 901 on Galicia Bank (Collins et al. Proceeding Deep Sea Drilling Project Science Research 149:193–201, 1996) is of Miocene age.

Wall Sculpture by Linda Leviton

Recognizing the contribution art has had in the Mayo Clinic environment since the original Mayo Clinic Building was finished in 1914, Mayo Clinic Proceedings features some of the numerous works of art displayed throughout the buildings and grounds on Mayo Clinic campuses as interpreted by the author. Recognizing the contribution art has had in the Mayo Clinic environment since the original Mayo Clinic Building was finished in 1914, Mayo Clinic Proceedings features some of the numerous works of art displayed throughout the buildings and grounds on Mayo Clinic campuses as interpreted by the author. In 1976, Linda Leviton received her BFA from the School of Design, Architecture, and Art, at the University of Cincinnati, located in Ohio.1Linda Leviton Resume.http://www.urbanartcommission.org/artists/linda-leviton/Date accessed: December 14, 2017Google Scholar, 2About the Artist: About Linda.https://www.lindaleviton.com/about/Date accessed: December 14, 2017Google Scholar Following graduation, she studied with numerous artists and specialized training centers between 1978 and 1995, focusing on varied techniques such as welding, weaving, woodworking, glass-blowing, drawing, basketry, and finishes. She now works as a graphic designer in Chicago, Illinois,2About the Artist: About Linda.https://www.lindaleviton.com/about/Date accessed: December 14, 2017Google Scholar and has an extensive list of national commissions, exhibits, and awards.1Linda Leviton Resume.http://www.urbanartcommission.org/artists/linda-leviton/Date accessed: December 14, 2017Google Scholar In her creative process, Leviton likes to collaborate with architects and design staff to create the piece specifically for the intended space. She is best known for her wall sculptures that utilize 4 different formats: quilts, fold-formed, laser cut, and wire-woven.2About the Artist: About Linda.https://www.lindaleviton.com/about/Date accessed: December 14, 2017Google Scholar In Mayo Clinic's collection, Leviton's Wall Sculpture is comprised of eight 21x21-inch compositions using stainless steel on wood that are painted and etched. The swooping shapes of some of the blocks provide a strong sense of motion, while the individual patterns reflect nature and creation in minute and grand scales. The designs and colors suggest snowflakes and stars, floating bubbles, blades of grass, landscapes dotted with sunshine, or subliminally, cells visible only under the aid of a microscope. The influence of the particular specialties of study can easily be detected with etching and allusions of weaving or quilting. Wall Sculpture is located in the hallway access to the Generose Building of Mayo Clinic Hospital, Saint Marys Campus, Rochester, Minnesota.

Review: Oplontis: Villa A (“of Poppaea”) at Torre Annunziata, Italy, vol. 1, The Ancient Setting and Modern Rediscovery, edited by John R. Clarke and Nayla K. Muntasser

John R. Clarke and Nayla K. Muntasser, eds. Oplontis: Villa A (“of Poppaea”) at Torre Annunziata, Italy, vol. 1, The Ancient Setting and Modern Rediscovery New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 2014, 1,250 paras. + appendix, notes, bibliography, color and b/w illus. This open access publication is found at ACLS Humanities E-Book (http://www.humanitiesebook.org). HEB No. HEB90048, ISBN 9781597409322 This is the first of three volumes to be produced by the Oplontis Project (http://www.oplontisproject.org), which documents the famous Villa A at Torre Annunziata and its gardens together with the Oplontine built and geological environment. Volume 2 will incorporate the wall paintings, molded stuccoes, pavements, and sculptures of Villa A as well as social themes (slaves, graffiti) and other topics; volume 3 will present the villa's architecture of more than ninety rooms as well as the Oplontis Project's excavations and materials from 2006 to the present. The lesser-known Villa B, a mixed-use commercial, warehouse, and residential building nearby, will also be presented. John R. Clarke and Nayla K. Muntasser prove to be adroit editors; their structuring of the multidisciplinary project gives both detailed views and a “big picture” of the material, enabling readers to apprehend the architectural, artistic, cultural, social, and technical history of the villa in its entirety rather than only its isolated beauties. Happily, the American Council of Learned Societies has provided the publication with a venue in its Humanities E-Book series. The e-book is the natural form for the Oplontis Project, and the way for its digital publication was paved long ago. When Jeffrey M. Hurwit's 2004 The Acropolis in the Age of Pericles was published with a CD-ROM of extended illustrations tucked into its back cover, it was a revelation: the expansion of the visual material enhanced readers' ability to participate in the author's text.1 The same, multiplied by many factors, can be said of this Oplontis volume. Its audiences get supple and immediate text/image coordination, quick access to scholarly apparatus (notes, bibliography), and easy navigation. As the project is a joint venture of the Soprintendenza Speciale per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei and the Department of Art and Art History at the …

Setobaudinia nicolasi—a new species from Baudin Island, Kimberley, Western Australia (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae)

ABSTRACTA new species of Setobaudinia Iredale, 1933 (family Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895) from the Kimberley region in Western Australia is described. Setobaudinia nicolasi n. sp. is endemic to Baudin Island, off the northwestern coast of Australia, where it occurs in sympatry with at least another three confamilial land snails. The new species is distinguished from other Setobaudinia species by a unique combination of features of its shell (low elevation and weak lip expansion) and male genitalia (inner penial wall sculpture of interlocking filaments).http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:10FAB5A9-503A-4E3B-A67C-772D85658C91

Circumscription of the South American moonwort Botrychium (Ophioglossaceae)

The genus Botrychium (Ophioglossaceae) is comprised of about 30 widely distributed species. Because of their small size and few, yet variable, morphological characters, many questionable taxa have been described over the years. Since its description in 1906, B. dusenii has been treated as both a distinct species and variously divided into four taxa: B. lunaria var. dusenii, B. lunaria var. typicum, B. lunaria var. antarctica, and B. ramosum var. patagonicum (B. matricariaefolium subsp. patagonicum). The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of these taxa using spore wall sculpture, spore size, allelic composition employing enzyme electrophoresis, and morphological characters. We conclude that only one species of Botrychium occurs in southern South America and recognize this as B. dusenii, a species distinct from B. lunaria. Spore size and results of enzyme electrophoresis suggest that B. dusenii is an allotetraploid derived through hybridization between a diploid member of the B. lunaria complex and a diploid member of the B. campestre complex. We provide information about habitat, distribution, and full exsiccate citations.

A new species of small acritarch with a porous wall structure from the early Cambrian of Estonia and implications for the fossil record of eukaryotic picoplankton

The Proterozoic–Phanerozoic transition recorded a general trend of decrease in phytoplankton cell size, in contrast to the earlier and much larger Ediacaran acritarchs. Particularly minute, unornamented but sculptured organic-walled microfossils have been recovered from the lower Cambrian Lükati Formation in northern Estonia. The lack of any significant thermal alteration in this formation allowed for excellent preservation of fine microstructures on these microfossils. Among the rich palynomorph assemblages in the Lükati Formation, a new species of tiny, spheroidal eukaryotic microfossil is recorded: Reticella corrugata gen. et sp. nov. It is characterised by a corrugated and flexible vesicle wall that is densely perforated by nano-scale pores. Despite its unique morphology, the new species shares diagnostic characters with fossil and extant prasinophyte algae. Reticella corrugata is among the smallest microfossils with typical eukaryotic morphology (conspicuous wall sculpture) and contributes to the diversity of the size class of small acritarchs. Size, abundance, inferred prasinophyte affinity and eukaryotic wall sculpture make this new taxon a likely member of the early eukaryotic picoplankton.

Studies on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis

The macroscopic characteristics, tissue, caterpillar body wall and powder of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis in different batch numbers were observed and researched by the macroscopic and microscopic identification methods. The result shows that the morphology, size, abdominal annulations of caterpillar, etc. of 0. xuefengensis are the macroscopic identification characteristics, the caterpillar body surface mycelium, body wall sculpture and crochets on abdominal legs are the microscopic identification characteristics. These characters are stable and regular discriminant features, which are proved to be the identification basis of O. xuefengensis. In addition, The characters such as crochets on abdominal legs arrange in two parallel ellipse rings, the inner crochets are long strip, and the external toes are unciform, are specific.

Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) species complex (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Bulimulidae), a review of taxonomy and distribution of endemic species from Argentina

Morphology of the shell, radula, jaw, anatomy and sculpture of the inner wall of the reproductive system are described and compared for three species belonging to the Bostryx tortoranus species complex. On the basis of these characters, the following changes are proposed: Bostryx martinezi (Hylton Scott, 1965) is removed from synonymy with Bostryx tortoranus (Doering, 1879) and Bulimulus (Scansicochlea) cicheroi Hylton Scott, 1967 is transferred from synonymy with B. tortoranus to synonymy with B. martinezi. As a result of these changes, the number of species of Bostryx known from Argentina has increased to 19 species. Bostryx tortoranus and B. martinezi are redescribed, also the radula and anatomy of Bostryx rudisculptus (Parodiz, 1956) are described for the first time. The main distinctive morphological characters of the three species are: the structure of the shell’s protoconch and teleoconch, radular morphology, location of the secondary ureter opening, the length of the free oviduct with respect to the vagina and the epiphallus with respect to the penis and the bursa copulatrix duct’s inner wall sculpture. Bostryx martinezi and B. rudisculptus have restricted distributions and are ecologically endemic, whereas B. tortoranus has a wide distribution and is located in different dry ecoregions.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A2F21A37-E0ED-454F-A63D-EEC1804D7DFA

Seed micromorphology of central European Orobanche and Phelipanche (Orobanchaceae) in relation to preferred hosts and systematic implications

Holoparasitic genera within family Orobanchaceae are characterised by greatly reduced vegetative organs; therefore, seed micromorphology has proved to be a useful complementary taxonomic criterion. Seeds of 160 samples from 54 localities of 26 taxa of the Orobanche and Phelipanche genera occurring in central Europe, specifically from Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovakia, supplemented by samples from Spain, France and Ukraine, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Thirteen quantitative or qualitative morphological characters of seeds were analysed. The following three types of periclinal wall sculpture of seeds were identified: veined and fibrillar in Phelipanche; with oval or elliptic perforations (pitted) in almost all species of Orobanche; with outer periclinal wall smooth, granular or rugged (very rarely visibly pitted), impeding vision of the inner one, occurring only in O. gracilis Sm. and O. coerulescens Stephan in Willd. The influence of different hosts on the features of seeds of eight species is also presented, as well as relationships between seed morphology and taxonomic classification, including problematic taxa. The best diagnostic features include type of ornamentation of the periclinal wall, perforation diameter (in pitted sculpture), fibrillar diameter (in fibrillar sculpture) and width of anticlinal walls. Size and shape of the seeds and cells and the presence of median troughs are variable; however, these features can be helpful when using larger samples. The usefulness of micromorphological studies on seeds of Orobanche and Phelipanche is demonstrated.

Materials and techniques: Early Buddhist wall paintings and sculptures at Sumda Chun, Ladakh

An assemblage of Buddhist wall paintings and sculptures dating to the twelfth/early thirteenth century are found distributed over the interiors of the temple complex at Sumda Chun, Ladakh. Detailed investigations carried out as part of a conservation project shed light on their antiquity and production technology. The sculptures are constructed with fine mud mortar applied over a wooden armature and affixed to the walls without any support from the ground. In both the sculptures and wall paintings, the paint layer is applied over a thin gypsum ground that functions as a white colourant where unpainted. For the paint layer, azurite, vermilion, and orpiment are the dominant mineral pigments utilized. Minium (red lead) has been used for preparatory drawings and as paint. Highlighting of special areas was achieved using a laminate of tin–lead alloy and gold on relief. Overall the material and techniques employed in the execution of the wall paintings and sculptures are consistent with those reported for other early sites in the region.

Cardiotrachia and Rachita – two new land snail genera from the East Kimberley, Western Australia (Eupulmonata: Camaenidae)

Two new monotypic camaenid genera Cardiotrachia gen. nov. and Rachita gen. nov. are described for the two new species C. bastionensis n. sp. from the Bastion Ranges and R. carltonensis n. sp. from the Onslow Hills, respectively, in the East Kimberley, Western Australia. Cardiotrachia is characterized by distinct anatomical features, such as a small shell devoid of macroscopic sculpture with a peculiarly heart-shaped aperture and a coiled penis without epiphallus. Rachita is characterized by a shell flatter than that of any other camaenids of similar size from the East Kimberley, a lacking epiphallus and a complex penial wall sculpture. A mitochondrial DNA phylogeny corroborates the recognition of Cardiotrachia and Rachita as distinct genera with respect to other confamilial taxa from north-western Australia.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:60FA3A41-6A3B-4EBE-8B05-B7960B7EEEBF

A new &lt;i&gt;Ranunculus&lt;/i&gt; species (Ranunculaceae) from Shaanxi, China

Ranunculus shanyangensis M.R. Luo &amp; L. Zhao, a new species of Ranunculaceae from Shaanxi, China, is described and illustrated. Ranunculus shanyangensis is morphologically similar to R. repens, however, it differs from the latter due to the following characters: longer adventitious roots, wholly creeping stems with no branches, longer rachis, fewer floral organs and pollen wall sculpturing. SEM micrography of thepollens for R. shanyangensis and R. repens are presented along with distribution map.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17394Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(2): 201-205, 2013

Making Ripples: Rethinking Pedagogy in the Digital Age

This essay presents a pedagogical model for beginning design that introduces digital fabrication methods through an integrated learning framework. Ripples - a wall sculpture made collectively by all second year architecture and interior design students as a joint project between studio, graphics and shop—exemplifies design practice as a collective activity. In this example, solutions emerge out of interactions among multiple stakeholders through iterative experimentation and optimization. The goal of this essay is to provoke a rethinking of the status-quo pedagogical practices in order to incorporate digital fabrication within existing curricular structures as a core skill for beginning design students, rather than merely as a technology course elected by a few students. Conclusions suggest the relevance to broader contexts of lessons learned from this modest experiment.

New and remarkable desmids (Zygnematophyceae, Streptophyta) from Europe: taxonomical notes based on LM and SEM observations.

In the present paper, the morphology and taxonomy of seven desmid taxa collected in various European habitats is discussed, mainly on the basis of scanning electron microscopic observations of cell wall sculpturing. Four taxa (Actinotaenium riethii, Closterium pseudocostatum, Cosmarium discrepans and C. hostensiense) are newly described and the name of one taxon (Cosmarium lenzenwegeri) is recombined. In addition, the morphology of Cosmarium cataractarum and C. cinctutum is described in greater detail, confirming their status as independent species.

Seed coat morphology and its systematic significance in Juncus L. (Juncaceae) in Egypt

Abstract The seed morphology of nine taxa of Juncus from Egypt has been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy, to determine the importance of seed coat features as taxonomic characters. Macro- and micromorphological characters, including seed shape, color, size, seed appendages, epidermal cell shape, anticlinal boundaries, and outer periclinal cell wall and secondary cell wall sculpture are presented. Four types of seed appendages are recognized: (i) seeds with two appendages; (ii) seeds without appendages; (iii) seeds with minutely a piculate at one end; and (iv) seeds with minutely a piculate at both ends. Two types of anticlinal cell wall boundaries, (i) raised-channeled, straight and (ii) raised, straight or sinuous, and three different shapes of outer periclinal cell wall are described: (i) flat; (ii) concave; and (iii) flat to slightly concave. The secondary sculpture of the cell wall varies from striate to microreticulate or reticulate, and smooth to finely folded. Seed characters provide useful data for formulating the taxonomy of Juncus both on the subgeneric and sectional level. A key for the identification of the investigated taxa based on seed characters is provided.