Waist Line Research Articles

Evaluation of the changes in waistline asymmetry using digital photography in adolescents with idiopathic thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis after corrective surgery.

Waist line asymmetry is a major cosmetic concern in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The primary surgical goal in patients with AIS is to correct spinal deformities and prevent further progression while maintaining global alignment. Additionally, an important objective of surgical treatment is to address physical appearance by reducing asymmetry. This study aimed to evaluate changes in waistline asymmetry using digital photographs in adolescents with thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) scoliosis who underwent corrective surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with Lenke types 5C and 6C AIS who underwent posterior fusion surgery with at least 2years of follow-up. Waist line asymmetry was assessed using digital photography. The waist angle ratio (WAR), waist height angle (WHA), and waistline depth ratio (WLDR) were measured pre- and postoperatively. Radiographic parameters and the revised 22-item Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire (SRS-22r) were also evaluated. Forty-two patients (40 females and 2 males; 34 with type 5C and 8 with type 6C) were included in the study. The WAR, WHA, and WLDR significantly improved after surgery (0.873 → 0.977, - 2.0° → 1.4°, and 0.321 → 0.899, respectively). Every waistline parameter moderately correlated with the apical vertebral translation of the TL/L curve (WAR: r = - 0.398, WHA: r = - 0.442, and WLDR: r = - 0.692), whereas no correlations were observed with the TL/L curve magnitude. No correlations were observed between the photographic parameters and SRS-22r scores. Lateral displacement of the apical vertebra on the TL/L curve correlated with waistline asymmetry. Preoperative waistline asymmetry improved with scoliosis correction. Level 4.

Observational Study on Impact of Pathyapathya in Prevention of Sthoulya (Obesity)

Weight gain is a natural physiological process but excess of fat leading to the disease Sthoulya (obesity) may “lengthen the waist line” but “shortens the life-line” of the individual by imposing an extra burden on all the systems. Aim: To study the impact of Pathyapathya in prevention of Sthoulya (obesity) among college students of VYDSAM. Materials and Methods: A randomized open observational Study was conducted at the hospital of VYDSAM, Khurja, using a special diet (menu) planner and exercise planner adopted for weight reduction. Total 450 students were screened through BMI, 33 Sthoulya (obesity) cases were selected for trial and 30 cases completed the trial. Relief in the subjective symptoms was assessed in percentage. Then, the statistical significance of result was assessed using Wilcoxon matched‑pairs signed‑ranks test. Results: Defining to the benefits assessed, Pathyapathya proved to be quite effective in prevention of Sthoulya (obesity) as statistical evaluation shows extremely/very significant effect on various clinical features. Weight loss occurs in Pathyapathya because of decreased caloric intake and increases people's total energy expenditure by Physical activity. The burning of calories through physical activity, combined with reducing the number of calories in diet, creates a “calorie deficit” that results in weight loss. Conclusion: The overall effect of therapy on clinical assessment leading to Maximum, Moderate, Mild and Unsatisfactory was 6 (20%), 15 (50%), 7 (23.33%) and 2 (6.67%) respectively. The percentage of improvement in subjective, objective parameters and lipid profile highlights the poor prognosis of Sthoulya (obesity) managed alone with Pathyapathya. So for better result, Shamana medications and Shodhana procedures may add along with Pathyapathya.

The relation between body surface angle and apparel ease distribution under the motion state

PurposeThe purpose of this paper investigates dynamic ease distributions of clothes at bust and waist lines with different body surface angle by using a Qualisys three-dimensional motion capture system (3DMCS).Design/methodology/approachThe current method first obtain the specific markers of participants and their clothes along the bust and waist lines through 3DMCS, then using the least square method and four piecewise polynomial fitting participants and their clothes' bust and waist curves. The coordinates of the markers were tracked by the 3DMCS, while the participants under different body surface angle walked on a treadmill calculated the distances of markers coordinates to the participants' bust and waist curves. Finally, the data of samples were analyzed. It was found that the dynamic ease distributions showed different patterns at different body surface angle.FindingsThe results revealed the bust convex angle is 26.53 degrees (Specification:X3) and back slope angle is 13.96 degrees (Specification: Y1), the fluctuation of participant ease distributions on bust section was most obvious, and the maximum fluctuation value was ±20 mm and ±25 mm. The ease distributions of participant waist section fluctuated most obviously when the bust convex angle is 28.10 degrees (Specification: X5) and the back slope angle is 13.96 degrees (Specification: Y1), and the maximum fluctuation was ±30 mm and ±20 mm. The bust convex angle has the greatest influence on 1# garment, and the back slope angle has the greatest influence on 2# garment.Originality/valueCurrently, there is little information in the literature about dynamic ease distributions of garment on a different body types. This paper takes different body surface angles as the research objects to analyze the ease distributions of different clothes, the conclusion can provide reference data for 3D garment modeling and improve the authenticity of virtual garment fitting.

The mathematical model of men’s garment prototype

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to build a mathematical model of men’s wear prototype, so that the computer can draw men’s wear prototype automatically.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the bust line, front and back center line, waist line, side seam, front chest width and back width line in the coordinate system are expressed by equations. Then, a parabola is used to establish a neckline curve, a linear equation is used to establish a shoulder oblique line, and a double ellipse is superposed to construct the armhole arc. Finally, all the garment prototype curves are built mathematical models.FindingsThe result shows that every curve of garment prototype can be expressed approximately by mathematical model.Originality/valueThis research lays the foundation for the automation and intelligence of garment pattern-making.

Dhoti cancer – A name forgotten!!!

Skin cancers are uncommon in India with less than 1% incidence and among all sites of occurrence, waist line as a site of occurrence is again uncommon. This could be mostly attributed to the attire among men and women in India. Saree and dhoti are still the traditional costumes among Indian women and men respectively. Wearing them tight around the waist leads to pigmentation, scarring and ulceration. Repeated trauma leads to subsequent malignant transformation. The usage of terms ‘saree cancer ‘ and ‘dhoti cancer’ is less commonly seen nowadays eventhough it was proposed long back in 1945 and has been unknown to many in the recent times with very few papers published in mainstream medical journals. Herein, we report a case series of 12 patients with waistline cancer who presented at our centre between January 2001 till December 2020.

Meditation to Mediate Emotional Swings of Breast Cancer Survivors

Cancer has gradually occupied a bigger space in mortality count. It’s reported that every four minutes a person is affected by cancer. Women had taken over men; mainly 1 in 30 women are affected by breast cancer. Breast cancer has cancer. Breast cancer has a great impact on emotional & social perspectives. More than an organ it’s a symbol of beauty and motherhood. In Ancient Tamil literatures, mainly sanga literatures at many instances poets have glorified the beauty of women, donating breast, hair, waist line & motherhood. Though difficult we still can survive with one kidney, one eye, leg and hand but in breast cancer it is tragedy. The pain of hair due to chemotherapy, losing a breast and beauty seems to be higher than pain caused by the disease. They undergo a lot of mood swings and emotional imbalances, to build in resilience and to enhance their livelihood meditation. Yoga helps than to beat over fatigue. It also helps manage the side effects of cancer treatment and helps manage the emotional add-ons such us mental fatigue, depression. Yoga is mainly recommended for the psycho-social wellbeing along with family counselling. The yogic package mainly had pranayama practice, meditation and few asanas. Regular practice if continued by breast cancer survivor even after the cancer cure will have lifelong benefits. The purpose of writing this article is to create awareness among women of my own motherland-Tamil Nadu to stay conscious and undergo regular screening as women are the true lights of our nation.

PREVALENCE OF MASKED HYPERTENSION AMONG PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME IN A TERITIARY CARE CENTRE

Background: There is strong correlation between masked hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Presence of masked hypertension increases the risk of end organ damage, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and hence prevalence of masked hypertension among metabolic syndrome patients and its association with various components of metabolic syndrome needs to be defined. Aim: The aim of our study is to estimate the prevalence of masked hypertension among patients with metabolic syndrome. To assess the correlation between masked hypertension and various components of metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: 120 patients of age group 18-65 years, who were admitted in Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences from January 2020 to October 2020, who had metabolic syndrome were included. Inclusion Criteria included patients with waist line circumference > 102 cm in men and >88 cm in females. Triglyceride level > 150mg/dl, HDL , 40 mg/dl in men and 100mg/dl and pre hypertensive range of BP, systolic 130-139 mmHg and diastolic 85-89mmHg.d Chronic hypertensive patients with evidence of end organ damage and patients with severe uncontrolled hypertension were excluded. Relevant data were obtained, Ambulatory BP recordings were taken to identify masked Hypertension. Descriptive and Analytical statistics was performed by SPSS version 20.0. Results: Out of the 120 patients included in our study, 75 percent had masked hypertension. Our study proved positive correlation between masked hypertension and waist line circumference, elevated FBS, triglyceride, HDL Conclusion: Our study shows significant prevalence of masked hypertension among patients with metabolic syndrome. Thus early detection of masked hypertension helps in early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and its better management. Key words: Masked hypertension, metabolic syndrome.

Experience of Reconstruction of Yakut Women’s Clothing of the 17th-18th Centuries (based on the Materials of At-Daban (At-Byran) VI Burial)

The experience of carrying out a hypothetical reconstruction of women's clothing "tangalai" XVII-XVIII centuries is considered. It is reported that this sample of clothing was found during archaeological research in 2016 in the area of At-Byran, Khangalassky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Earlier it was revealed that the tangalai was part of the bride’s costume, which means an indispensable element of the wedding ceremony. As a result of studies of the Yakut burials of the XVII-XVIII centuries, it was established that the tangalai was included in the complex of accompanying material during the funeral rite of a married woman. An analysis of ethnographic literature, the results of field scientific research, available visual sources was made, fragments of clothing stored in museums extracted from funerary monuments were studied. As the study showed, the tangalai from the At-Daban VI burial has similar features with samples of similar shoulder-clothes found and studied earlier: general principles of decor, color scheme, and peculiarities of the location of sewn jewelry. Distinctive features: a lowered waist line and narrow bibs were revealed. Based on a detailed study of the original source, masters of decorative and applied art carried out a hypothetical reconstruction of the tangalaya. Attention was paid to leather processing, seams, design features. Unsaved pieces of clothing were recreated using existing analogues.

아두이노를 활용한 방향지시 라이딩웨어 개발에 관한 연구

This research to provide comfortable apparel for bike riding that incorporates safety. Specifically, the information and communications technology (ICT) device, arduino, is applied to the clothing design process. Riders’ moving direction is considered to maximize their visibility and thus their safety. With this focus, a proper jumper and vest are developed. As the first part of our research method, a demand survey was performed. Based on its result, the actual clothes were made. The concept of this kind of clothing is basically urban sports wear. Clothes are designed for bike riding women in their 20s; and they will also work as designs for their daily lives during the spring and fall seasons. Three-layered Gore Tex was selected as the main fabric. Colors such as pistachio green, reflex blue, deept mahogany, and crimson were chosen. For the direction indicating device, an arduino device was adopted. LED lighting indicators were applied to both the jumper and the vest at key areas, including the front, right side, and left side, as well between the lower part of scapula and the waist line.

Structural optimization of yoga top based on 3D virtual-reality technology

The pressure comfort of a sleeveless yoga top was evaluated and optimized based on three-dimensional (3 D) virtual-reality technology. A 3 D human modal and virtual sample pattern were created, contact pressure values on 23 points during 12 yoga postures were measured. Results showed that pressure values of side neck point, back neck point, shoulder midpoint, shoulder point, bust point and the intersection of back princess line and waist line of the 3 D sample garment fluctuated greatly, where the dynamic pressure comfort was poor. The structural optimization was based on the improvement of pressure comfort on above points. A verification carried out to verity effects of the optimization, it was demonstrated that the pressure fluctuation at above points was obviously reduced, which meant the dynamic pressure comfort was obviously improved. It is expected that the research results can provide not only a yoga top pattern with excellent dynamic pressure comfort but also a reference for the future application of 3 D virtual pressure values in clothing.

The Design Theory of Contemporary “Chinese” Fashion

This paper examines the basic design theories underpinning contemporary Chinese fashion by exploring a fundamental question: are there any common features that can be summarized about Chinese fashion, and, if yes, what is Chinese fashion? Chinese fashion in this paper means clothing that is in “Chinese” style and designed by People's Republic of China (PRC) designers. To answer the specific question, I undertook in-depth interviews with selected Chinese designers and then supplemented these with a textual analysis of interviews published previously in prominent Chinese fashion journals. This study shows the Chinese style exhibiting features of “implied beauty” in aesthetic, flat form in shape, and harmony in spirit. I synthesize the three features into one Chinese character, HE. HE literally encompasses rich meanings: harmony, peace, implicit but evoking, reserved, pure, natural, and any synonyms of these words. The character indicates an implied beauty system of China—presenting the beauty in an implicit and subtle form. Implied beauty urges viewers to imagine the beauty that is between visibility and invisibility under the clothing, rather than to sense the beauty by directly seeing the body of the wearer through the eyes. The primary form in Chinese style clothing as a reflection of implied beauty is the flat form, meaning that the clothing is cut without any darts or seam lines to reduce the volume differences between the bust line, the waist line, and the hip line. The cutting hides body rather than reveals body. Finally, in spirit Chinese fashion reflects the core Chinese philosophy of harmony, which means being in tune with both the social and the natural environment.

Infection from Tiny, Unwanted Travel Companions

A 50 year old woman presented at surgery on return from a holiday in Tanzania. She was complaining of multiple, small red, very itchy, lesions scattered round her waist line, on the inside of thighs and upper arms.

Apparel ease distribution analysis using three-dimensional motion capture

When an ease allowance at a body landmark is given, the ease distribution along the circumference at this landmark can still change with the wearing circumstance. This paper investigates both static and dynamic ease distributions of clothes at bust and waist lines by using a three-dimensional motion capture system (3DMCS). Female participants with the same body type were recruited to conduct experiments to examine how ease distributions change with body motions. Specific markers provided with the 3DMCS were adhered to the surfaces of a participant and her clothes along the bust and waist lines, and the coordinates of the markers were tracked by the 3DMCS while the participant walked on a treadmill at different speeds. It was found that the static ease distributions showed different patterns at different body landmark lines. At the bust, the ease tended to concentrate more in the left and right regions, while the ease at the waist appeared to be gathered more in the front and back regions. In the dynamic tests, ease variations at different clothes markers on the waistline exhibited very different changing patterns. The ease variations of the markers in the same region (e.g., left and front) were positively correlated ( r = 0.863), while those in regions symmetrical to the y-axis (left–right) were negatively correlated ( r = –0.738) and those in regions symmetrical to the x-axis (front–back) were weakly correlated ( r = 0.541). Both the frequency and the magnitude of ease variations seemed to be incremental to the walking speed, although the concentration areas of ease remained unchanged.

Lifestyle Trends and Obesity among College Going Girls of Delhi

Background: Place of food preparation and hence consumption is an important determining factor for diet intake and consequently the risk for development of obesity. Aims: Present study attempts to examine dietary behavior among students attending undergraduate courses at Delhi University so as to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity status using various dietary and behavioral factors triggering obesity. Methods: 201 females with age ranging from 18 to 22 years were interviewed for different socio-demographic information and parameters relating to lifestyle regime using a standardized proforma. Anthropometric and physiological measurements were taken according to standard techniques. Analysis was done using SPSS 20.0. Results: Family history for obesity and diabetes is noted to be significantly higher among girls taking home-made food. It has been reported that girls taking food prepared at home are more overweight/obese for BMI or at risk for higher waist line and waist height ratio as compared to those taking meals away from home. Conclusion: Universities can perform a crucial role in restraining the prevalence of obesity among young population by assessing college-going students for their weight status and eating practices and counseling them about healthy eating choices and habits.

On Lines: Gum Lines and Waist Lines

On Lines: Gum Lines and Waist Lines

A Case Study on the Comparison of Fit Evaluation Results between an Expert Group and a Novice Group

Despite its need in the clothes industry, there are a lack of experts, including technical designers, who can exactly analyze the fit of clothes. This is a case study to provide practical data for fit analysis education by distinguishing the differences in acceptance in evaluating the fit of shirts and pants between experts and novices. For this study, two groups were organized: 1) seven experts with over 15 years-experience including technical design or pattern making; and, 2) seven novices who are freshmen or sophomores majoring in clothing and Textiles. The results showed that the novice and expert groups evaluated ease at the bust, waist, cross back, and sleeve opening differently. The novice group overlooked collar stand height, band width, side seam location, dart length, sleeve silhouette, and button location. The two groups evaluated the crotch ease, thigh ease, and hem ease, and pants length differently. The novice group overlooked waist location, balance of front and back waist line, side seam location, crotch length, location of inseam and outseam, dart length, and grain line from crotch to hem. It was found that undergraduates in the first and second grades could not understand fundamental clothing construction and proper fit, so the results of this study be referred by the educators when their teaching fit evaluation in classes for students majoring in clothing and textiles.

EFFICACY OF LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY TO TREAT OBESITY

Background: Obesity has been identified as one of the major concern all over the world in recent times. On one hand obesity is the fundamental cause of cardiovascular complications, diabetes etc and on the other hand, this contemporary health issue also exerts a plethora of negative psychosocial impact. Therefore, wide range of researches are being conducted worldwide for integral management of obesity. This study, in particular is one of those types; delving deeper to identify the efficacy of low-level laser therapy for reducing obesity. Purpose: In recent times, low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been recognised as one of the promising methods for the treatment of obesity. Therefore, this study holds high significance as this has concentrated towards identifying the impact of LLLT on waistline fat as compared to control individuals. Subjects: 400 obese subjects were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control group.200 in experimental and 200 in control. Design: Randomised experimental control design. Method: The control group was treated only with exercise twice a week for 4 weeks and the experimental group was treated with both low level laser therapy as well as exercise twice a week for 4 weeks. Waistline circumference were measured with inch tape prior and after treatments in both the groups. Result: LLLT strategy was found to have reduced the waist line circumference to a considerable extent over a period of 4 weeks as in comparison to the control. group with an identifiable pattern of waistline fat thickness alteration. Conclusion: This research work, from thorough analysis of results obtained from both dataset, has concluded that, low level laser therapy, as compared to traditional approaches is much more effective and consistent. In addition, for individual with higher fat amount, it is beneficial to combine both exercise, diet and laser therapy to obtain the best outcome.

아동 드레스의 디자인 요소 변화에 따른 이미지 지각 연구 : 광주광역시 만 5~6세 여아 어머니를 중심으로

The necessity on children dresses for cultural events and emotional aspects in designs have become important according to the development of kids industry and revitalization of party culture, and so grasping emotional requirements of consumers (image perception) is necessary actually. For the purpose of this research, the study used 27 color pictures on the whole bodies of preschool children who wore children dresses that mixed clothing design factors differently (sleeve, skirt length, waist line, materials, color, decoration type and location) through a survey. Regarding the survey objects, this study objected preschool children of 5~6 years old girl's mothers who lived in Gwangju Metropolitan City, and its results were same as follows. First, the mothers evaluated children dresses like 'beautiful,' smart,' 'cute,' 'tidy' images. Second, sleeve, waist line, skirt length, materials, color, decoration type and location appeared to clothing cues affecting influences to overall image perception of children dresses, and decorations were implicated as salient cues that affected greater influences to image perception of children dress wearers than other clothing design factors especially. Based on the research, this study expects that various forthcoming researches have been made continuously, and it could become a guideline for the development of children dress industry afterwards.

ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH RISKS OF THE EXPOSURE TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE AMONG MALES

Over the past 20 years, a great deal of attention has focusedon the impact of endocrine disruptors released in the environmenton animal and human health. Generally, endocrinedisruptors have estrogenic activity. These products interferewith hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action resulting ina deviation from normal homeostatic control or reproduction. Our primary objective was to evaluate the possible role of environmental estrogen on sexual disturbance among males. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 26 apparently healthy males characteristics of life style, symptoms covering various systems, general examination including, body mass index, waist line, resting blood pressure were done. Venous blood samples were used for detection of both total testosterone & plasma (Butyryl choline esterase (BuChE) activity. Results: the mean age was (36.54 ± 6.04) years with mean BMI of (28.98 ± 5.16) kg/m2. , mean waist (102.78 ± 11.18) cm. 66.7% of the cases were married with 13.3% of them have fertility problem & 20%of sample have sexual problem. 66.7% of the studied group use pesticide at home. The main findings of this study were, regarding hormonal profile; nearly all studied group had hormonal values and acetylecholine esterase (AChE) within the reference range but there is a negative association between organophosphate (OP) pesticides exposure assessed by the AchE as indicator and serum total testosterone levels. AchE was also negatively associated with fruit & vegetables consumption/week; whereas there is a positive association with age.

바지 맞음새 평가 시 전문가와 초보자의 시선추적 및 맞음새 평가 항목의 중요도 비교분석- Eye Tracking 기법을 이용하여 -

In the clothes industry, there are lack of experts including technical designers who can analyze the fit of clothes. This study is to provide practical data available for fit analysis education by distinguishing the differences in standards and aspects of garment fit between experts and novices, through the eye-tracking technology to quantify the sense of fit. For this study, two groups were organized; one composed of 7 experts with over 15 year-experience including technical designers and patternmakers, and the other composed of 7 novices who are students majoring in clothing. Wearing the goggle type eye-tracker Tobii Pro Glasses 2, the participants in the experiments were required to conduct fit analyses for a pair of pants on a live model. After those experiments, they were required to check the items for fit analysis and assess the importance level of them on a questionnaire. The differences between the two groups in the ratios of total visit count and total visit duration by each AIO(Area of Interest) of clothes were analyzed through non-parametric statistical test. The results of eye tracking experiments showed that experts focused on center front and back line, crotch area, and side seam, while novice's fixation points were dispersed around the pants. The survey results showed that the experts put importance on the center line position and its verticality, front-back proportion of side seam line, and front-back proportion of waist line, 71.4~100% of whom checked them, while 14.3% of the novices checked them.