Voting Decisions Research Articles

Exploring best-matched embedding model and classifier for charging-pile fault diagnosis

The continuous increase of electric vehicles is being facilitating the large-scale distributed charging-pile deployment. It is crucial to guarantee normal operation of charging piles, resulting in the importance of diagnosing charging-pile faults. The existing fault-diagnosis approaches were based on physical fault data like mechanical log data and sensor data streams. However, there are other types of fault data, which cannot be used for diagnosis by these existing approaches. This paper aims to fill this gap and consider 8 types of fault data for diagnosing, at least including physical installation error fault, charging-pile mechanical fault, charging-pile program fault, user personal fault, signal fault (offline), pile compatibility fault, charging platform fault, and other faults. We aim to find out how to combine existing feature-extraction and machine learning techniques to make the better diagnosis by conducting experiments on realistic dataset. 4 word embedding models are investigated for feature extraction of fault data, including N-gram, GloVe, Word2vec, and BERT. Moreover, we classify the word embedding results using 10 machine learning classifiers, including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbor, Multilayer Perceptron, Recurrent Neural Network, AdaBoost, Gradient Boosted Decision Tree, Decision Tree, Extra Tree, and VOTE. Compared with original fault record dataset, we utilize paraphrasing-based data augmentation method to improve the classification accuracy up to 10.40%. Our extensive experiment results reveal that RF classifier combining the GloVe embedding model achieves the best accuracy with acceptable training time. In addition, we discuss the interpretability of RF and GloVe.

Do Shareholder Ratification Votes Impact Subsequent Audit Outcomes?

SUMMARY The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) have justified audit-related disclosure rules by asserting that such information would be relevant for shareholders in auditor ratification voting decisions. The underlying assumption, stated more explicitly by activists and others, is that such voting can influence auditors’ subsequent actions. A recent study by Tanyi, Rama, Raghunandan, and Martin (2020) tests this assumption. Using data from 10,326 auditor ratification votes, Tanyi et al. (2020) find that higher than expected shareholder dissatisfaction of their external auditors is associated with higher audit quality and higher audit fees in the subsequent period. The results suggest that auditors should pro actively engage with audit committees if there is higher than expected shareholder dissatisfaction. Auditors can also expect regulators to use such evidence in future rule proposals by the SEC and PCAOB, given past actions by regulators.

The Practice of Patronage in Elections And Its Implications for Democratic Credibility in Indonesia

Patronage in Indonesian elections often occurs, especially among political elites and legislative candidates. It may be due to the need for candidates to gain votes and support from the public, and the practice of patronage is considered effective in achieving this goal. The study aims to identify voter patronage practices and measure the impact of patronage practices on the credibility of democracy in Indonesia. This research is qualitative, and data is obtained through document analysis and related literature. Election patronage practices can take many forms, ranging from money or goods to voters, unrealistic political promises, to employing positions or powers to influence voter decisions. The study found that patronage practices can significantly impact the credibility of democracies, thus disrupting democratic processes and affecting the quality of elections in Indonesia. The approach can undermine democratic principles that are supposed to be based on free and fair participation and competitive competition based on political ideas and visions. When elections were influenced by material benefits rather than political views, the public felt that elections no longer represented their aspirations and interests, resulting in dubious legitimacy over the elected government. Therefore, efforts are needed to combat patronage practices in general elections in Indonesia. This can be done through implementing strict regulations related to campaign funding and political practices, education and political literacy for the public, strict law enforcement for patronage practices, and improving the general election system to make it more transparent and accountable

The impact of corruption and clientelism on voter turnout in Africa

This article explores the effect of corruption and clientelism on voter turnout in a sample of 34 African countries. It draws on Afrobarometer survey data from Round 5 and utilises a multilevel model to estimate individual and country-level effects. The article contributes to the literature on voter turnout, particularly by exploring the conditional effects of corruption and clientelism on individual voting decisions in Africa. We find that turnout is higher among those with more experience with electoral clientelism (which is especially strong in poorer countries) and that people with dimmer assessments of corruption are less likely to turn out, with the relationship being stronger as overall levels of corruption increase.

Voting at 16? 16–17‐Year‐Old Germans Vote as Correctly as Adults

Lowering the voting age from 18 to 16 years has recently been a hot topic of the political debate in many democratic countries. This study investigated whether the voting quality of 16–17‐year‐olds is inferior to that of the voting population. Shortly before the 2021 German federal election, two samples, representative for age and gender, indicated personal preferences about various political issues and weighted them according to importance, allowing for the calculation of individual expected values for political parties. Participants then indicated their voting choice. These choices were normatively correct when individuals voted for the party that best reflected their preferences, that is, the one maximizing the expected value. Results show that the voting decisions of 16–17‐year‐olds were as good as those by eligible voters. The study indicates that the exclusion of 16–17‐year‐old Germans in democratic elections cannot be justified by their lack of decision‐making ability.

THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF POLITICAL MARKETING AND WORD-OF-MOUTH COMMUNICATION TOWARDS THE IMAGE OF THE MAYOR, TRUST, AND BEGINNING VOTERS’ JUDGEMENTS IN SELECTING A MAYOR IN INDONESIA

Political parties experience a shift in perspective in the context of organizing political campaigns from the traditional era to a new era called political marketing. This study aims to measure the effect of political advertising and word of mouth on the image of regional heads, trust, and voters' decisions in selecting mayors. This research was conducted in Batam City, Riau Archipelago Province, Indonesia in 2021. The type of this research was survey research involving 389 12th-grade high school and vocational high school students as first-time voters. The technique of collecting data is a questionnaire technique, namely through the distribution of questionnaires. Data analysis in this study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, using Amos 24. The results of the study: 1) Political advertisements influence the image, beliefs, and decisions of first-time voters. 2) word of mouth has a significant effect on the image, and word of mouth has a significant effect on trust and novice voters' decisions. 3) The image of a candidate for regional head influences the trust, confidence, and decisions of first-time voters. 4) Trust in regional head candidates influences the decisions of first-time voters in Batam City, Riau Archipelago Province, Indonesia.

Social media discourse and voting decisions influence: sentiment analysis in tweets during an electoral period

In a time where social media is fundamental for any political campaign and to share a message with an electoral audience, this study searches for a conclusion of the actual persuasion capacity of social media in the electors when they need to decide whom to vote for as their next government. For this, it compares the sentiment that Social Media users demonstrated during an electoral period with the actual results of those elections. For this analysis, it was used, as a case study, tweets mentioning the two major English parties, Conservative and Labor, their respective candidates for the position of prime minister, and terms that identified their political campaign during the electoral period of the General Elections of the United Kingdom that occurred on December 12, 2019. Data were collected using R. The treatment and analysis were done with R and RapidMiner. Results show that tweets’ sentiment is not a reliable election results predictor. Additionally, results also show that it is impossible to state that social media impacts voting decisions. At least not from the polarity of the sentiment of opinions on social media.

Citizens’ perceptions on public finance literacy: Familiarity, importance, actual use and proposed learning objectives

Recent literature highlights the importance of providing citizens public sector accounting education to help them become public finance literate. This study performs a questionnaire-based survey to a convenient sample of citizens to collect their perspective on the topic. The results indicate an average familiarity of the respondents with key public finance concepts, with male respondents appearing more familiar. The respondents place more importance in being able to monitor and assess the state’s financial performance and condition rather than that of the local government. In practice, when making voting decisions during municipal elections they focus less on financial information, compared to when it comes to state elections, mainly due to difficulties in accessing the municipalities’ financial information. The respondents are further supportive of receiving public sector accounting education as they believe it could help them monitor the local and state government’s financial condition and performance, take more rational election decisions and more actively participate to public matters. They perceive that such an education should take place from high-school and not earlier, and they find useful this educational process to continue via online and on-site seminars. Finally, they make recommendations on the specific content (learning objectives) of public sector accounting education at the different educational levels (school, high-school, municipal seminars, and online seminars).

Voting like Your Betters: The Bandwagon Effect in the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire

Abstract Scholars agree that a core feature of the political style of the Holy Roman Empire was the focus on consensus, without which policy-making at the level of the Empire would have been impossible. This article demonstrates that the consensus on which decisions of the imperial estates was based tended to be superficial and was often in danger of breaking down. This vulnerability was a product of the diet’s open and sequential voting procedure, which allowed the bandwagon effect to distort outcomes. An analysis of the votes cast in the princes’ college at the diet of 1555 shows that low-status members of the college regularly imitated the decisions of high-status voters. Reforming the system would have required accepting that the members of the college were equals—an idea no one was prepared to countenance. Hence, superficial and transitory agreements remained a systematic feature of politics at the level of the Empire.

Analysis of the Impact of Advertising on the Change of Voter Behavior of Consumers (Voters) in The Slovak Republic

In this day and age, where we are constantly exposed to advertising messages and information, it is not surprising that advertising also plays a significant role in the political sphere. The impact of advertising on changing voter behaviour in the Slovak Republic is a matter that deserves attention as political campaigns increasingly use advertising techniques and media to achieve their objectives. Advertising in elections is nothing new, but its form and scope have changed significantly with the advent of the digital era. Candidates and political parties are investing heavily in advertising campaigns, which range from traditional media such as television, radio and print to new online platforms and social media. The aim of the paper is to summarize the issue of advertising, as well as to analyse the impact of advertising i on the change in voting behaviour and decision-making of Slovak consumers (voters). The primary information was obtained by actual collection. The sample consisted of 362 respondents. The subjects of the research were consumers living in the region of eastern Slovakia. The obtained primary data were then processed in the statistical program, and Pearson’s chi-squared test and Cramer’s V were used to confirm or reject the established hypotheses. The second hypothesis examined has also been confirmed and shows us that there is a significant relationship between the means of advertising and the gender of respondents. The results of our research can be of benefit to various stakeholders. Political actors and parties will gain valuable information on how to use advertising effectively during campaigns. The media will have a better understanding of the impact of political advertisements and how to improve their services. The public will have a better understanding of the impact of political ads on voter decisions, and the academic community will have new insights to study and research. Overall, these results contribute to the transparency, information and quality of the political process in the Slovak Republic.

Motives in electoral choices in the United States midterm elections

The article examines the main motives that shaped the electoral decisions of voters in the midterm elections in the United States in 2022. The main problems of voters that determined their decisions when choosing candidates for Congress and for various positions in the states are revealed. The dynamics of changing priorities for voters during the campaign is determined, the reasons for which the problems of living standards, inflation and abortion became the main ones that largely determined the outcome of the vote are analyzed.

Political Preferences and Role of Social Media Ahead of the 2024 General Elections in Central Kalimantan Province

This research explains how the political preferences and the role of social media ahead of the 2024 general election in Central Kalimantan Province. The type of research used is a quantitative approach using survey methods. The results show that PDIP is still quite strong in Central Kalimantan Province. Popularity, likeability, and electability of figures/candidates show that Sandiaga, Ganjar, Prabowo, Anies, and Ridwan Kamil, it is still the alternative of voters with consistently receive support from respondents, that figurativeness is the top reason for voters in choosing a candidate. However, the level of popularity and likeability have not shown a positive correlation with the electability of figures in presidential candidates. In issues/programs, the economic welfare is a priority most needed, where the ideas/programs are the biggest factor in influencing changes in the choice. On the other side, the role of social media is quite large in influencing and shaping the political preferences of voters. The findings can be taken into consideration to read the prospects for voter electoral support and in determining political strategies, candidate figures, coalition designs, and issues/programs which are at the same time becoming the main agenda of the struggle, to influence the final decision of voters.

Agenda Control and Reciprocity in Sequential Voting Decisions

Agenda Control and Reciprocity in Sequential Voting Decisions

A Novel Approach for Communication-related to suicidal detection on Twitter using multi-class data

Suicide is a significant issue for public health worldwide since suicide is not something that happens randomly but is influenced by social and environmental variables as well. At the same time, effective early diagnosis and treatment may lead to several positive health and behavioural results. Suicide persists undiagnosed and untreated for many reasons, including denial of sickness and cultural and social disgrace. Through the ubiquity of social media, by expressing opinions, thoughts and everyday struggles with mental health on social media, millions of people are sharing their online identity. As opposed to typical retrospective research that uses self-reported surveys and questionnaires, this study assesses the validity of identifying suicidal symptoms using Twitter tweets that were gathered over more than a year, using a variety of online web-blogging sites as points of reference. For recognizing tweets expressing suicidal thoughts, three sets of characteristics are employed for training the dataset employing base and ensemble classifiers. The Rotation Forest (RF) approach is the preferred baseline, and the Maximum Probability Voting Decision approach is used in seven different labelled classes relating to suicide communication and class demonstrating suicidal thoughts. With the suicidal ideation class scoring 0.76 and the suicidal contents for all seven classes scoring 0.82, this revised model was able to attain an F-measure. To increase awareness of the vocabulary made use of on Twitter to express suicidal thoughts, the findings are summarized by highlighting the predictive principal component of suicide communication in classrooms.

Expanding our thinking about discrete emotions and politics.

In recent decades, political psychologists have given a lot of attention to the role of emotions in politics. While there have been several different research programs, the dominant paradigm has been set by affective intelligence theory (AIT), developed by George Marcus, Russell Neuman, and Michael Mackuen. AIT has helped explain many puzzles in understanding how emotions influence political decisions, as any good paradigm should. At the same time, I argue it has also had the effect of limiting broader research into the range of discrete emotions, especially contempt. While recognizing the value of AIT, I call for more research that goes beyond its boundaries, showing through several recent studies how a focus on the additional effects of contempt can improve our understanding of voter decision-making.

Klasifikasi Pemilih dalam Pemilu 2019 di Indonesia Menggunakan Regresi Logistik Multinomial dan Chi-Square Automatic Decision Tree (CHAID)

General Elections (Elections) in Indonesia are conducted once in every 5 years. This paper focused on the election of the president and his representatives. Voters in elections are regulated by law. There are many aspects of voter’s background that influence voters in making decisions during elections. In this paper, the focus is on voter background factors in geographical, demographic, and socio-economic aspects. The geographical aspect is the region where voters live; demographic aspects are gender, age, recent education, marital status, and religion; socioeconomic aspects are the household expenses, household income, personal expenses, type of work, type of residence, and status of residence. There are 3 categories of voter decisions in the election, namely candidate pair A, candidate pair B, and refuse to vote. The objectives of this paper are to find out what variables significantly influence voters in making decisions during elections, and to classify voters based on the significance of variables in geographical, demographic, and socio-economic aspects related to voter choice in elections. Multinomial logistic regression analysis is used to answer the first objective, while the CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Decision Tree) decision tree is used to answer the second objective. Through multinomial logistic regression analysis, it can be seen that the variable type of region, age, recent education, religion, household expenditure, household income, house type and home status influence voter decisions in elections. Through the CHAID decision tree, the results obtained are 5 types of voters based on a decision tree of several independent variables that are significant to the dependent variable.

Political Communication Instruments Fasha Maulana In Influencing Millennial Voter: Evidence from Jambi Mayoral Election in 2019

Beginner voters are the millennial generation who are considered to be very influential in the contestation of the general election, including the implementation of the Pilwakoin Jambi city, which took place during the simultaneous regional elections in 2018. Pilwako candidates must think of new, modern ways of packaging political messages and then convey them through communication channels, which can influence the decision of millennial voters in determining their choice. This matters is very important in the elements of an election because the process of elections are having the following main steps, which are; (1) the process of introduction of candidates; (2) the process of giving the messages towards the peoples; (3) the process of elction. But, in the following steps that play a role is the distribution of those messages because it is the task of candidates especially in inviting the young generation to participated. The concept of using these communication is a steps in the participation of the candidates with many techniques, likely digital communication or communication through door-to-door. These matters are concerned because of the one of elector that having the elements of fullment of quotes for the candidates will be perfect if there are the beginner elector, which are referring toward the millenial elector. It has been said as the millenial beginner, it is caused of the concept and the ages element of the elector which are known as millenial elector. In the election that will conducted on the next year surely it will assure the total of elector will be improved as compared as the total of millenial elector on previous years, which are the total of millenial electors are 70-80 million peoples. These numbers are so highly and being fantastic numbers as compared as the total of electors in the ages of mature or old electors. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. By using the qualitative-descriptive methods, the researcher will able to described which are better that based on the process of covering the communication that done by the following candidates towards the millenial electors. Data collection techniques by interview and observation. The result of the analysis are following; (1) the elected candidates pack a political message outlined in the vision and mission in the form of ideas to make fundamental improvements in various fields, which are these fields is the basic from whole of various types fields that showed the communication process that conducted by those candidates before conduxted election.; (2) the elected candidate pairs mostly use internet digital media and outdoor media such as posters and banners; (3) millennial voters are faced with a complicated and confusing election process because they must vote with a critical attitude and in-depth analysis of the pair of candidates for mayor who are perceived as equally well.

Analysis of Electability, Capacity, Campaign Resources on the Chances of Elected Public Officials in the General Election Democracy Party

This research delves into the multifaceted landscape of electoral success by examining the intertwined influences of electability, capacity, and campaign resources on the performance of public officials from the Democracy party. By adopting a multidimensional approach, this study seeks to contribute to the understanding of how these factors interact and shape candidates' outcomes in general elections. Through a combination of quantitative analysis and qualitative insights, this research uncovers intriguing patterns in the electoral arena. Likability emerges as a powerful driver of voter choices, showcasing a robust positive correlation between candidates' likability scores and their electoral success. This underscores the significance of personal connection and emotional resonance in swaying voter decisions. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the study finds no significant correlation between candidate capacity attributes and electoral outcomes. While capacity remains valued, its impact appears contingent on its alignment with other factors such as likability and strategic resource allocation. This challenges traditional notions of experience as the primary determiner of electoral victory. The research further reveals a moderate positive correlation between effective campaign resource allocation and electoral success. Candidates who judiciously allocate resources, particularly in media coverage and social media engagement, tend to achieve better outcomes. This highlights the strategic importance of resource optimization in influencing voter perceptions and preferences. These findings provide a nuanced understanding of the complex interplay between electability, capacity, and campaign resources in the context of the Democracy party's electoral campaigns. The implications extend to strategic decision-making for the party, as well as contributing to the broader discourse on electoral dynamics and democratic representation. Looking ahead, this research suggests avenues for further exploration, inviting future studies to consider cross-cultural comparisons, technology's role, and the evolving nature of voter behavior in shaping electoral outcomes

Personalized politics: Evidence from the Czech and Slovak Republics

What role do political party leaders play in individual vote choice? Recent literature argues that leaders are increasingly important for decisions at the ballot box. Moreover, scholars suggest leaders may be particularly consequential in volatile, under-institutionalized party systems, like those of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Accordingly, we investigate the extent to which leader evaluations matter for individual voting decisions, and whether these evaluations are more consequential than ideological proximities between voters and parties. We also explore whether leaders matter more for leader-centered, ideologically blurry, and populist parties. Through a comparison of the 2017 Czech and 2020 Slovak elections, we find that leader evaluations are strongly associated with voting decisions and that these evaluations tend to be more consequential than ideological proximity. We also show that leaders are more important for parties with strong “brands” – those that have most differentiated themselves from their competitors.

When does ideology matter? Party lists, personal attributes and the effect of ideology on intra‐party success

AbstractChoosing a candidate can be difficult in open‐list proportional representation systems, with many candidates on display. Under such circumstances, candidates' personal vote‐earning attributes (PVEAs) become useful for voters since PVEAs function as information shortcuts (heuristics) that reduce the cognitive costs of casting a ballot. However, recent research has demonstrated that more cognitively demanding information, namely candidates' ideological positions, also matters for candidates' electoral success. Yet, much is unknown about the circumstances under which ideology comes into play. In this study, we demonstrate that the availability of easily applied heuristics (operationalized via the level of recognizable candidates on party lists) conditions the effect of candidates' ideological positioning on intra‐party success. Our analyses show that ideology matters most when the share of recognizable candidates with typical PVEAs on the list is limited. The effect of ideological distance from the party gradually disappears as the share of recognizable candidates on the list increases. The results suggest that when the supply of candidates with PVEAs is limited, voters use ideological cues as the base for their voting decisions.