Voting In Elections Research Articles

Можно ли обеспечить в условиях демократии правление «лучших»?

The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of democracy. Its various types and evaluations are considered. The main question that the author asks is whether democracy ensures the rule of the “best.” Such a formulation of the question is due to the fact that from the moment of its inception to the present, the idea of democracy has been associated with the hope for a “better” state administration, for the “best” representatives of society to come to power. At the same time, democracy is criticized for the lack of aristocracy, professionalism and efficiency of decisions made. An analysis is made of the proposals of various researchers on the introduction of legal levers to increase the level of aristocracy in a democratic government, including initiatives to introduce educational or property qualifications in elections, quotas for intellectual professions in parliament, professional representation, etc. The legal practice of some countries on the use of legal techniques to enhance the elitism of representation in parliaments (electoral colleges, partial appointment of members of the upper houses of parliaments, provision of additional votes in elections to certain categories of citizens) is considered. However, the conclusion is made about the inappropriateness of such novels; the opinion is motivated about the exceptional value of the openness of the democratic system, its ability to provide a potential opportunity for every citizen to participate in political decision-making. The subjectivity of the additional requirements for the elective body proposed for implementation is noted: they conflict with the idea of human dignity, which is the main achievement in the development of world history. It is suggested that socioprofessional representation, although it is able to increase the number of channels for interaction between the state and civil society, still carries the danger of excessive pressure from corporations on its members, and can lead to excessive classness in society. Special attention is paid to the modern interpretation of popular sovereignty as a legal phenomenon that manifests itself in the course of a complex discourse, the process of finding a compromise. In this regard, hopes are pinned on minimizing the risks of “not the best” people coming to power democratically and implementing their “not the best” policy on the system of separation of powers, on the “discourse” of these authorities. The idea of foreign authors about the possibility of democracy to “defend”, including from unreasonable restrictions on the electoral right (the concept of “militant democracy”) is supported.

On the problems and prospects of the organization and implementation of public control over electronic voting in elections and referendums: constitutional and legal analysis

On the problems and prospects of the organization and implementation of public control over electronic voting in elections and referendums: constitutional and legal analysis

Социально-политические настроения жителей Калининградской области как индикатор геополитической безопасности региона

The article considers one of the indicators of geopolitical security — socio-political moods. Social dissatisfaction, political trust, political activity, migration attitudes of the inhabitants of the Kaliningrad region were revealed. The study was based on the theoretical and empirical provisions of FCTAS RAS of socio-political sentiments and social tensions in Russian society. The main method is a personal semi-formalized interview of the population over 18 years old (n = 915). As a result of the study, it was revealed that the significant problems of the Kaliningrad region for the inhabitants of the region continue to be problems related to economic security: low incomes of the population, high prices for food and essential goods, high tariffs for housing and communal services. The hypothesis is confirmed that in the conditions of geopolitical tensions, the population's trust in local and federal authorities, the president and the army will increase. The political activity of the population, for the most part, comes down to discussing political events with friends, workmates in person and voting in elections. Most Kaliningraders do not consider moving out of the region. It is concluded that the level of social tension in the Kaliningrad region is at an acceptable level and there are no signs of its development into a social conflict.

Motives in electoral choices in the United States midterm elections

The article examines the main motives that shaped the electoral decisions of voters in the midterm elections in the United States in 2022. The main problems of voters that determined their decisions when choosing candidates for Congress and for various positions in the states are revealed. The dynamics of changing priorities for voters during the campaign is determined, the reasons for which the problems of living standards, inflation and abortion became the main ones that largely determined the outcome of the vote are analyzed.

Distrust or Ignorance of the Institution? Explaining Extremely Low Electoral Turnout in the Czech Senate Elections

Extremely low voter turnout may indicate low interest in public affairs, or even in democracy itself, and is thus often seen as an indicator of the quality of democracy. It also undermines the legitimacy of elections and whole institutions. In the long run, low turnout can be a threat to the preservation of democracy. Using the case of Czech Senate elections, this research examines factors that potentially explain the extremely low turnout we observe during certain types of elections. This study measures the effect of trust in an institution and knowledge of the institution – two factors which have to date received little attention in previous research and which have the potential to explain the differences in electoral turnout between institutions in the same country where traditional theories (such as the Second Order Election Thesis) are insufficient. Using an online survey method that included questions measuring general political knowledge, knowledge of the Senate, and the trust in the Senate, original data representing the population of the Czech Republic aged 18 to 65 (n=2,096) were collected. A logistic regression model analysis reveals that the odds ratio of people voting in Senate elections has a strong positive association with trust in the Senate as an institution. Consequently, future research should develop a more detailed concept of trust in a particular institution and explain how such trust is constituted. This applies not only to Czech Senate elections: a similar effect is evident in European Parliament elections in several EU member states. Although this study fails to show that knowledge of an institution affects voter turnout, it does show that people’s knowledge of the Senate is much lower than their general political knowledge. This study also confirms previous work showing a strong positive association between higher general political knowledge and voter turnout.

Klasifikasi Pemilih dalam Pemilu 2019 di Indonesia Menggunakan Regresi Logistik Multinomial dan Chi-Square Automatic Decision Tree (CHAID)

General Elections (Elections) in Indonesia are conducted once in every 5 years. This paper focused on the election of the president and his representatives. Voters in elections are regulated by law. There are many aspects of voter’s background that influence voters in making decisions during elections. In this paper, the focus is on voter background factors in geographical, demographic, and socio-economic aspects. The geographical aspect is the region where voters live; demographic aspects are gender, age, recent education, marital status, and religion; socioeconomic aspects are the household expenses, household income, personal expenses, type of work, type of residence, and status of residence. There are 3 categories of voter decisions in the election, namely candidate pair A, candidate pair B, and refuse to vote. The objectives of this paper are to find out what variables significantly influence voters in making decisions during elections, and to classify voters based on the significance of variables in geographical, demographic, and socio-economic aspects related to voter choice in elections. Multinomial logistic regression analysis is used to answer the first objective, while the CHAID (Chi-Square Automatic Decision Tree) decision tree is used to answer the second objective. Through multinomial logistic regression analysis, it can be seen that the variable type of region, age, recent education, religion, household expenditure, household income, house type and home status influence voter decisions in elections. Through the CHAID decision tree, the results obtained are 5 types of voters based on a decision tree of several independent variables that are significant to the dependent variable.

FUID SEVM Fingerprint Unique ID Smart Electronic Voting Machine

Abstract: Secure voting is ensured by the Electronic Voting Machine. People should believe that their vote is secured and there are no unfair practices. The main objective of this project is to develop a secure Electronic Voting Machine using fingerprint identification method, we are using system database for fingerprint access. At the time of voting in elections, the verification of the electronic voting process can be done by scanning the veins on the fingers which allows voting to be reset so voters can cast their vote. We are also giving a barcode scan feature where user will scan to authenticate himself. System then show the list of candidate user, User will vote by pressing the button and all the data will be store in storage device. Fingerprint scanning is used to provide security to prevent fake, duplicate voting etc. It also increases the accuracy and speed of the process. The purpose of such a system is to ensure that only the legitimate user and no one else has access to the voting rights. If a particular pattern matches anyone in the available record, voting access is granted. But in case the pattern does not match the records in the database, or in the case of repetition, access to cast a vote is denied or the vote is rejected.

Political Communication Education for Beginner Voters in Convenient Regional Head Elections in 2024

The Election Supervisory Body (Bawaslu) of Subang Regency plays an important role in carrying out the function of political communication education for novice voters. This study aims to find out the strategy carried out by Bawaslu in political communication education, as well as communication barriers in conveying political messages at the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections. This study uses a qualitative research method with a qualitative descriptive research approach. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, literature studies, and observation. The research results show that the Political Communication Education Strategy for beginner voters in the 2024 Simultaneous Regional Elections begins with Establishing a Participatory Supervisory Cadre School (SKPP) to facilitate information flow and optimize information. Using social media platforms such as Instagram and websites, carrying out outreach activities through the "Go to School" program, and collaborating with the General Election Commission (KPU) in conducting political communication education. The challenges faced include low participation of first-time voters, limited resources that hinder the ability to implement the Bawaslu program, technological barriers that impede the optimization of communication education, and socio-cultural challenges that impede the political participation of first-time voters.

Partisanship, Ideology, and Selective Exposure: A Longitudinal Analysis of Media Consumption in Spain (2008–2019)

The literature on selective exposure has shown that ideology and voting govern media consumption decisions, but longitudinal studies are still scarce. To fill this gap, this work analyzes: (a) whether selective exposure guided by ideology and partisanship to three media types (television, radio, and newspapers) is a stable phenomenon in Spain (2008–2019) as expected from a polarized pluralistic media system; and (b) which variable has the strongest effects on news choices (ideology or partisanship). Multinomial logistic regressions are carried out using data sources from six post-electoral surveys conducted by the Center for Sociological Research in the last six Spanish general elections (2008–2019). As dependent variables, we consider the four most important preferred media outlets for each media type, and as independent variables, we include the vote in general election and ideology. Moreover, interest in politics, gender, age, education, and social class are included as control variables, too. Findings show strong evidence that selective exposure based on ideology and partisanship is a well-established phenomenon in Spain for the three media types during the 11 years. Results also show that the effect of partisanship is always stronger than that of ideology for the three news media types. We conclude that selective exposure in Spain needs therefore to be conceived as partisan selective exposure.

The Influence Of Prospective Political Marketing On The Political Behavior Of Voters In Simultaneous Village Head Elections in Kahu District, Indonesia

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Political Marketing of Candidates on Voter Political Behavior in Simultaneous Village Head Elections in Kahu District, Bone Regency in 2021. Voting behavior is influenced by several factors, one of which is political marketing. Good and targeted political marketing can increase voting behavior. This study uses descriptive quantitative and associative research methods, using a questionnaire instrument. The technique of placing the sample in this study is random sampling. The target is the community/voters in Bonto Padang Village, Kahu District, Bone Regency with the number of samples used as many as 91 people. Data collection techniques used are observation, questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique used simple linear regression analysis. Validity data obtained through validity and reliability tests. The results of this study indicate that political marketing of candidates has an influence on the political behavior of voters in simultaneous village head elections in Kahu District, Bone Regency. Based on the output of the summary model, the results obtained are R of 0.541 from the large influence of the independent variable or political marketing (X) on the dependent variable or voting behavior (Y) which is also strengthened by the coefficient of determination (R Square) or the determinant coefficient of 0.293 which means 29,3%

Implications of Constitutional Court Decisions on The Protection of The Voting Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities

Normatively, the right to vote for persons with mental disabilities in elections was not fully recognized in Article 57 paragraph (3) of Law no. 8 of 2015. This law stipulates that one of the conditions for voters in elections is "not having mental/memory problems". This phrase interpreted broadly that all persons with mental disabilities are not entitled to the right to vote. This phrase was then tested by the Constitutional Court, whereupon the Constitutional Court issued Decision No. 135/PUU-VIII-2015 which substantially invalidates the phraselet's talkand granting the right to vote in general elections for persons with mental disabilities. This decision is considered a progressive leap taken by the Constitutional Court to ensure fair elections, because people with mental disabilities are not the same as people with schizophrenia, with a more humane approach and adequate medicine, people with mental disabilities are the same as people without mental disabilities. Therefore, the author is interested in seeing more deeply how this Constitutional Court Decision can fulfill the right to vote for persons with disabilities. This research is a type of non-doctrinal research that uses both primary and secondary data. The areas that are used as research objects are the provinces of Bali and DIY. The results of the study show that from a quantitative aspect there has been an increase in the participation of voters with mental disabilities. However, the implementation of the Constitutional Court's decision by the election organizers is also still encountering various obstacles, both administration, infrastructure, and services

The Presidential Electoral System: A Philosophical Analysis

The Republic of Indonesia’s Law no. 7 of 2017 requires presidential and vice-presidential candidates to be proposed by political parties that meet the requirements, namely obtaining at least 20% of the total Legislative House seats or nationally obtaining 25% of valid votes in the previous Legislative House election. This is not recognized in Article 6A paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution, the constitutional basis for nominating a president. This paper aims to provide a philosophical analysis on the presidential and vice-presidential electoral threshold. Results show that from a philosophical perspective, this threshold provisions eliminate the constitutional rights of the people and minor political parties to nominate presidential and vice-presidential candidates. There can only be a maximum of three political parties and the oligarch and large political parties will make sure that the candidates will only come from their parties. This threshold undermines the logic of the presidential system. In conclusion, philosophically the threshold limits the freedom of alternative candidates to nominate themselves in the presidential election. It will only give an opportunity for candidates from major political parties. Thus, the government and various parties must reconsider this law to protect the rights of the people as mandated by the constitution.

What’s on a Party Member’s Mind? Voting Motives in Competitive Party Leadership Elections

ABSTRACT Procedures of party leadership selection have attracted considerable scholarly attention in recent years, but voting motives of party members in leadership elections have not been fully studied yet. This paper presents a new model of voting in party leadership elections that is inspired by previous models that were mostly tailored to more exclusive selectorates (such as the parliamentary party). We adopt an inductive research strategy that is based on an open question in member surveys that were held on the occasion of three Belgian party leadership elections. As a result, we obtain a comprehensive model with eight different vote motivations: policy positions, electability, competence, perceptions of personality traits, socio-demographic characteristics, personal relationships, party-organisational reasons and negative voting. Our findings also show that the kinds of motivations that are put forward by members are dependent upon the number of contenders.

Does the Social Assistance Budget Realization Affect Incumbents' Votes? (Study in Indonesia Local Election)

Purpose: The objectives of this study are: (a) to examine the association between political budget and incumbents' regional head votes, (b) to examine the moderating effect of political competition in the association between political budget with incumbents' regional head votes. Theoretical framework: This article examines whether social assistance budget is associated with incumbents' votes in Indonesia’s local elections. Design/methodology/approach: The samples are 212 regencies and cities in Indonesia that conducted local electionsin which the incumbent regents or mayors were taking part. Hypotheses are tested using moderated regression analysis (MRA). Findings: The result found that social assistance budget directly affects the incumbent votes in the local elections. Research, Practical & Social implications: This study which examines the effect of the political budget on incumbents' votes. Local elections cannot avoid candidates' rivalry, thus also examined its role when interacting with social assistance budgets. Originality/value: Political competition occurs; its interaction with social assistance budgets negatively affects the incumbents' votes.

Blocking Charges 2.0

For decades, the NLRB's blocking charge policy was viewed by unions as a magical pause button on events that might lead to a majority of “no” voters in a decertification election. Unions that saw their support among workers decline leading up to election day could file an unfair labor practice charge with the NLRB that, many times, would “block” the processing of the petition until the charge was fully investigated and ultimately resolved. The delay, which often spanned months, provided unions with valuable time to shore up their support and reverse momentum that they perceived might be leading to their defeat.

Malaysian Youth Political Participation

The previous literature had show that low political participation of Malaysian youth, the effect of this situation will be discuss further in this article regarding youth development. This article use narrative literature review method to get the suitable article to be reviewed. Focus of this article are upon critical analysis of the literature published in books, electronic or paper-based journal articles, report and seminar paper. This article will help to developed the studies on the challenge and benefit of Malaysian youth participation in politics in several field. It can be seen today the negative narrative of adult towards youth have institutionalizes into programs and policy which make building the youth potential becomed harder. Youth political participation in Malaysia from literature show that they are inclined to get information from internet, involved with platform such as youth parliament and active as general election voters. There are four challenge that faced by effort for youth political participation in Malaysia which is the idea of youth participation is accomplished by placing one youth on a board or committee, the idea of youth participation means that adults surrender their roles as guides and educators, the idea of adults are ready for youth participation and the last one is the idea of adults are ready for youth participation. The answer for youth political participation is the development of physical space where youth can participate with political organization and enhance thier potential. The way forward is for all political and youth organization to start providing a physical space for thier youth member to organized and used it as thier creativity allow them. The issue of youth political participation in Malaysia today show that the adult are still given a room for youth participation, but the room for the participation are too small and limited.

The Roots of Populism: Neoliberalism and Working-Class Lives

The Roots of Populism: Neoliberalism and Working-Class Lives

Budaya Money Politic di Indonesia dalam Tinjauan Qawa'id Fiqhiyyah

Indonesia, which adheres to a democratic system, holds the people’s party in the implementation of general elections (elections) which are held every five years. Each edition of the general election (election) is always characterized by the practice of “money politics”. In the development of the term money politics, the media called it “political dowry”. Political dowry is the cost incurred to cover the cost of running a political party (political party) from the grassroots to the central level. Money politics held by successful teams is considered something realistic in getting votes. The general election (election) was initially real, moving towards transactional. This cannot be separated from the behavior of the Indonesian people which continues to develop in responding to the implementation of general elections from the beginning to the end of 2019. This paper responds slightly to the practice of political dowry which continues to exist in every five-year edition. In fact, this practice can be said to have been deeply rooted and become a culture of society in gaining votes in general elections (elections). Fiqh rules are one of the tools in determining cases in Islamic law. Al-’ādatu muhakkamah is one of the five principles of fiqh. al-’ādatu muhakkamah in its concept strongly adheres to two elements, firstly the element of al-’adah (customs) that exists in society, and secondly the element of ‘urf which contains good values in society. Equipped with several branches of the rules, then the writer calls it “al-’ādatu muhakkamah frame”. Because conceptually in these rules there are several limitations that become rules that are not free in absorbing and judging from the cultures or customs that develop in society. Political dowry in Indonesia has become entrenched because this practice has been carried out for quite a long time. based on the concept of al-’adatu muhakkamah cannot be allowed meaning it is prohibited (haram). With the indication that the culture of dowry politics is not part of a culture that has ma’ruf (kindness) values even though this has been assessed by the majority of society as something normal and commonplace. Furthermore, the effect of the political dowry is the beginning (root) of the corrupt practices by the elected candidates in the future.

Electoral Effect of Protracted Presidential Primaries

Divisive presidential primaries have become common in the United States following the McGovern—Fraser reforms. Both politicians and political scientists have argued that parties that experience divisive primaries may be disadvantaged in the general election, with several political scientists demonstrating a relationship between a nominee receiving a smaller share of the primary vote and a smaller share of the general election vote. However, demonstrating that divisive primaries cause worse general election results is difficult because candidate weakness or other factors may cause poor performance in both primary and general elections. I use a linear regression model to estimate the effect of divisive presidential primaries on general election outcomes. I compare near-border counties in states that did not experience contested primaries to near-border counties in states that did experience contested primaries. I find that there is generally a penalty for parties that experience divisive primaries, but the effect varies over election cycles.

Worldview defence and self‐determination theory explain the return of racial voting: Evidence from the 2016 US election

AbstractWe use self‐determination (SDT) and worldview defence theories (WDT) to explicate the psychological roots of identitarian voting in recent US, UK and EU elections. We test our theory using the 2016 US election as a case study, data from a representative sample of nearly half a million Americans, and a measure of racial animus derived from Google search data. We find that worry has a strong and significant positive association with Trump's vote share, as predicted by WDT. However, this is reversed in counties with high levels of relatedness—one of the three basic psychological needs emphasised by SDT. The positive relationship between racial animus and Trump also loses significance once an interaction between racial animus and relatedness is introduced. These results imply that identitarianism is driven at least in part by a desire for in‐group affiliation emerging out of worldview defence and unmet basic psychological needs.