Von Miller Research Articles

Munich Exhibition of Oscar von Miller. Part 2. A Remarkable Result (On the 140th Anniversary of the Misbach-Munich Power Transmission of M. Depre)

The article is devoted to the history of the first power transmissions over a long distance. In 1873, the French engineer H. Fontaine transferred electrical energy between a dynamo and a DC motor over a kilometer distance. The efficiency of this power transmission was rather poor, but the experiment became widely known and interested many scientists. However, a low level to which the electrical engineering had been developed by that time, lack of electricity consumers, high cost, and poor reliability of electrical equipment did not allow the problems of power transmission efficiency to be solved within a short period of time. After the advent in 1876 of P.N. Yablochkov’s lighting system and the electrical market, the issue of constructing power transmission lines was becoming increasingly more urgent. Theoretical studies of a number of electrical engineers: D.A. Lachinov, O. Froelich, M. Deprez, and others showed ways to increase the power transmission efficiency, the value of which could be higher than 50%. These works faced incomprehension from many eminent electrical engineers of that time. Practical proof was required. The article describes the central event of the Munich Exhibition in 1882 - the transmission of electrical energy over a distance of 57 km from Miesbach to Munich, implemented by Marcel Despres and Oscar von Miller. In fact, this was the first experience of creating a high-voltage DC power line in history. A bold power transmission experiment over such a considerable distance was of great importance for the development of electric power industry and served as impetus for accelerating work in this field.

Munich Exhibition of Oscar von Miller. Part 1. From Awards to Certificates (On the 140th anniversary of the Misbach-Munich Power Transmission of M. Depre)

After the International Electrical Exhibition in Paris in 1881, the world electrical industry development process speeded up significantly. A striking event of that time was the Munich Electric Exhibition of 1882, the ideological inspirer and organizer of which was the German engineer Oskar von Miller. A small budget, a small number of exhibits and participants forced the steering committee to look for non-trivial solutions that make it possible to distinguish the exhibition at the background of other similar events. A brilliant step was the decision to issue special certificates to all participants of the exhibition instead of medals, based on a thorough experimental study of each exhibit with the subsequent publication of the data obtained. To this end, a special commission was set up, which consisted of reputable scientists, engineers and industrialists. The Munich Exhibition was the forerunner of the Frankfurt Exhibition, which was also organized by Oskar von Miller according to his script in 1891 and the famous high-voltage three-phase power transmission for 175 km implemented by the Russian electrical engineer M.O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky.

LB794 Synthesis and biological evaluation of a small molecule library identifies novel anti-skin cancer agents

Treatment of melanoma (MSC) and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)), affecting one-fifth of the US population, is hampered by drug resistance, side effects, and low bioavailability. Owing to low molecular weight and the ability to enter cells, small molecules are gaining ground towards enhancing bioavailability and minimizing some of the side effects associated with classical cancer drugs. Herein, we synthesized a mini-library of 86 compounds via C-N/C-C coupling, direct substitution on the aromatic ring, or a modified Skraup–Doebner–von Miller approach, and their solubility and biological properties were characterized.

Oskar von Miller's contribution to the formation of the German Museum of Outstanding Achievements in Natural Science and Technology

Oskar von Miller's contribution to the formation of the German Museum of Outstanding Achievements in Natural Science and Technology

Origins and Formation of the German Museum of Outstanding Achievements in Natural Science and Technology

The German Museum of Outstanding Achievements in Natural Science and Technology in Munich was founded in 1903. For three years its founder electrical engineer Oskar von Miller collected an extensive collection of historical and technical exhibits, and in 1906 the museum was opened to the public. The German Museum in Munich demonstrated for the first time that not only artists, but also technicians created masterpieces, not only philosophers, but also inventors had ingenious ideas, not only medieval objects, but also modern technology is a relic. O. von Miller formulated the most important motives and goals of the museum as follows: documentation of the role of technology for the development of society and culture; the implementation of an educational function in the presentation of technology, the achievement of a national status. The didactic principles of organizing exhibitions in the museum served to popularize natural science laws, to visually demonstrate the functional application of technical inventions. The presentation of technical objects was qualitatively different from the exhibition principles of other technical museums. Demonstration of old technologies and historical machines in action was already the norm in museum work. O. von Miller set the task of the museum to explain the technology of manufacturing technical products, such as watches, fabrics, and so on, for which fragments of workshops and factories were reproduced in exhibitions. For the first time in a technical museum, in addition to the traditional chronological display of technical inventions, the principle of operation of machines and apparatus was explained by means of experiments conducted with exhibits by visitors and museum staff. This function was extremely new for the technical museum and was nevertheless carried out mainly by the public, mainly students and young people.

Cyber Racism Toward Black Athletes: A Critical Race Analysis of TexAgs.com Online Brand Community

While athletes in the 21st century have strategically leveraged technology and social media to disseminate their powerful truths (e.g., narratives) and to use as tools for organization, empowerment, and the disruption of hegemonic norms, sports fans have also found refuge on the internet and in cyberspace—namely, within online brand communities (OBCs). In this study, we draw from critical race theory (CRT) to interrogate cyber racism against Black male athletes in the http://TexAgs.com OBC. The primary purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory collective case study of fan-generated discourse about Michael Bennett, Mike Evans, Myles Garrett, and Von Miller. Content analysis was used to examine and uncover the racially charged language directed toward these athletes. Three salient, interrelated themes were (1) good Aggie versus bad Aggie dichotomy, (2) dumb/misguided, and (3) thug. In line with the counter-narrative/storytelling tenet of CRT, we present Michael Bennett’s (2018) personal narrative from his book to directly counter the racialized discourse about his peers and him on TexAgs. Based on the findings, we conclude with implications for sport communication and social justice in both the public sphere and cyberspaces.

Recent advances in the synthesis of biologically and pharmaceutically active quinoline and its analogues: a review.

Recently, quinoline has become an essential heterocyclic compound due to its versatile applications in the fields of industrial and synthetic organic chemistry. It is a vital scaffold for leads in drug discovery and plays a major role in the field of medicinal chemistry. Nowadays there are plenty of articles reporting syntheses of the main scaffold and its functionalization for biological and pharmaceutical activities. So far, a wide range of synthesis protocols have been reported in the literature for the construction of this scaffold. For example, Gould–Jacob, Friedländer, Pfitzinger, Skraup, Doebner–von Miller and Conrad–Limpach are well-known classical synthesis protocols used up to now for the construction of the principal quinoline scaffold. Transition metal catalysed reactions, metal-free ionic liquid mediated reactions, ultrasound irradiation reactions and green reaction protocols are also useful for the construction and functionalization of this compound. The main part of this review focuses on and highlights the above-mentioned synthesis procedures and findings to tackle the drawbacks of the syntheses and side effects on the environment. Furthermore, various selected quinolines and derivatives with potential biological and pharmaceutical activities will be presented.

Mesoporous HBeta zeolite obtained via zeolitic dissolution–recrystallization successive treatment for vapor-phase Doebner–Von Miller reaction to quinolines

Mesoporous HBeta zeolite was obtained via zeolitic dissolution–recrystallization successive treatment, and exhibited enhanced selectivity to Q, anti-alkylation ability and stability in the vapor-phase Doebner–Von Miller reaction.

Synthesis of Lamellarin G Trimethyl Ether by von Miller–Plöchl‐Type Cyclocondensation

A concise synthesis of lamellarin G trimethyl ether based on a von Miller–Plöchl‐type cyclocondensation of a deprotonated α‐amino nitrile with an α,β‐unsaturated ketone as the key step was developed. The general strategy does not rely on molecular symmetry and allows for the independent variation of the substitution pattern.

ChemInform Abstract: Quinoline Synthesis by Improved Skraup—Doebner—Von Miller Reactions Utilizing Acrolein Diethyl Acetal.

A robust synthetic method has been developed as an improvement to the venerable Skraup–Doebner–Von Miller reaction providing access to various quinoline products. The straightforward procedure utilizes acrolein diethyl acetal as a three-carbon annulation partner with aniline substrates in a monophasic, organic solvent-free reaction medium. Differentially substituted aniline precursors were found to be compatible with the reaction conditions and the corresponding quinoline products are isolated in moderate to good yields.

Quinoline synthesis by improved Skraup–Doebner–Von Miller reactions utilizing acrolein diethyl acetal

A robust synthetic method has been developed as an improvement to the venerable Skraup–Doebner–Von Miller reaction providing access to various quinoline products. The straightforward procedure utilizes acrolein diethyl acetal as a three-carbon annulation partner with aniline substrates in a monophasic, organic solvent-free reaction medium. Differentially substituted aniline precursors were found to be compatible with the reaction conditions and the corresponding quinoline products are isolated in moderate to good yields.

A Systematic Study on the Synthesis of n‐Butyl Substituted 8‐Aminoquinolines

A systematic study on the synthesis of 8‐aminoquinoline derivatives with an n‐butyl group at each alternate position of the quinoline ring was carried out. Skraup Reaction and its Doebner–von Miller variation were used to obtain most of the quinoline ring except for the 2‐butyl‐8‐aminoquinolines and 4‐butyl‐8‐aminoquinolines where the commercially available methylquinoline derivatives were used as precursors. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, COSY, 13C‐NMR and HRMS spectra.

Convergence of products from Povarov and von Miller reactions: approaches to helquinoline

Yttrium triflate or triflic acid catalysed Povarov reaction of methyl anthranilate with ethyl vinyl ether, both as aldehyde surrogate and as alkene, gave the desired 2-methyl-4-ethoxytetrahydroquinoline diastereoisomers as the major products along with four component coupling von Miller adducts. A proton NMR-study, using yttrium triflate as catalyst, revealed that the cis-diastereoisomers were the initial major products in both the Povarov and von Miller reactions but that these isomerised to the trans-diastereoisomers under the reaction conditions. Two distinct pathways for forming von Miller adducts were uncovered with the initial Povarov products being converted to von Miller adducts under the reaction conditions. Replacement of the 4-ethoxy with a 4-methoxy group under acidic conditions gave predominantly the trans-diastereoisomer, which was subsequently converted to a cis/trans mixture of the tetrahydroquinoline antibiotic helquinoline. It was also possible to convert the von Miller products to Povarov products under acidic conditions.

Wiederaufbau: Das Deutsches Museum, 1945–1970 (review)

Reviewed by: Wiederaufbau: Das Deutsches Museum, 1945–1970 Peter J. T. Morris (bio) Wiederaufbau: Das Deutsches Museum, 1945–1970. By Otto Mayr. Munich: Deutsches Museum, 2003. Pp. 216. Due to its gradual Nazification on one hand and the impact of air raids in July and December 1944 on the other, the Deutsches Museum—the science and industry museum on the Isar River in Munich—was both physically and morally damaged by the end of the Third Reich. Because it fell within the American zone, the discontinuity with the past was less than it otherwise would have been—only thirty members of staff were forced to leave out of a surviving workforce of 150. Had it been in the Soviet zone, for example, the institution would have been completely transformed. Nevertheless, the leadership faced a massive task to bring the museum back to its former glory. This volume by former museum director Otto Mayr is a relatively short account of the twenty-five years up to 1970 when the reconstruction was finally completed. One major problem was the kind of museum that had to be rebuilt in the new Federal Republic of Germany. The physical reconstruction was daunting enough, but it was simple compared to the development of a new role in the politics and culture of postwar Germany. The original conception of the museum was very much the personal creation of industrialist Oskar von Miller. He founded the museum in 1903 at the height of the Wilhelmine empire and he enjoyed close links with the Bavarian royal family, dethroned in 1918. Furthermore, unlike the Science Museum in London or the Smithsonian in Washington, the Deutsches Museum was not a national body, despite its name. It was a Bavarian institution, controlled by the Bavarian Ministry of Culture. Thus it was a cultural legacy of empire, only without the backing of an imperial state. Mayr’s story of the museum’s reconstruction in both its physical and moral aspects shows how a modern German institution was created out of the Nazi wreckage of a Wilhelmine ideal. This is very much a high-level account, divided chronologically by the terms of office of the different directors. Hence it is largely concerned with the management of the museum, its internal politics, and the long-term planning of exhibitions. It is the institutional history of an organization [End Page 939] rather than a sociological account of a community. There is no comparison with museums elsewhere, perhaps on the assumption that the experience of the Deutsches Museum was unique. This is unfortunate, as there are parallels to be drawn with the much-delayed building of the Centre Block at the Science Museum or with the creation of the Museum of History and Technology in Washington. And surely the management of the Deutsches Museum must have looked over their shoulders at developments at their rivals as they sought to rebuild their museum. Although there is material about the permanent galleries and exhibitions in the context of the overall reconstruction, this book lacks the sustained treatment of exhibitions one finds in the 2010 volume edited by Elisabeth Vaupel and Stefan Wolff on the Deutsches Museum in the Third Reich. Nor is there much on the role played in the post-war museum by leading scientists or large German companies. However there is good coverage of the museum’s relations with its neighboring universities, the University of Munich and the Technische Hochschule. But these criticisms should not be allowed to obscure that this is an excellent book. Otto Mayr has both the personal experience of leading the museum and a unique empathy with his predecessors, which allow him to give an insightful account of the rebirth of a world-class institution. This book will be of great value to historians of museums, students of museology, and scholars working on the postwar reconstruction of West German institutions. Peter J. T. Morris Peter J. T. Morris is Keeper of Research Projects at the Science Museum, London. Copyright © 2012 The Society for the History of Technology

Unexpected 5,6,7,8,9,10-Hexahydro-6,6-pentamethylenephenanthridines and 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-4,4-tetramethylene-1H-cyclopenta[c]quinolines from Skraup–Doebner–Von Miller Quinoline Synthesis and Their Implications for the Mechanism of That Reaction

The real mechanism of the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis remains controversial and not well understood despite several mechanistic studies reported on the matter. A series of unexpected and unusual 5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydro-6,6-pentamethylenephenanthridines and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4,4-tetramethylene-1H-cyclopenta[c]quinolines have been obtained through the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis. On the basis of these unexpected results and in agreement with some of the previously reported quinoline syntheses, an alternative mechanistic pathway is proposed for this variant of the reaction. It involves the formation of a Schiff base through a reaction between the ketone and the aniline derivative in the first step, followed by a cycloalkenylation at the ortho-position to the amine functional group of the aniline derivative, and an annulation in the final step to close the quinoline ring, leading to a dihydroquinoline derivative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a mechanistic pathway being proposed for any variant of the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis.

Unusual open chain quinolinyl peroxol and its alcohol counterpart obtained through a modified Skraup–Doebner–Von Miller quinoline synthesis: theoretical studies and complete 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR assignments

Because of their extreme instability, it is generally difficult to synthesize and fully characterize open chain peroxides, also known as peroxols. In our attempt to investigate the mechanism of the Skraup-Doebner-Von Miller quinoline synthesis, we were able to obtain an unusual open chain peroxy-quinoline, namely, 4-(8-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]quinolin-4-yl)butane-1-peroxol (1), and its alcohol counterpart, namely 4-(8-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]quinolin-4-yl)butan-1-ol (2) obtained as a side product during the same reaction. Although structurally similar, these two compounds appeared to display some very distinct physical and spectroscopic characteristics. This work reports detailed NMR studies and full (1) H and (13) C NMR assignments for these two compounds. These assignments are based upon the analysis of the NMR spectra of these compounds including (1) H, (13) C, COSY, gHSQC and gHMBC. The effect of the peroxide functional group on the chemical shift of neighboring carbons and protons was also investigated by comparing the NMR data of these two compounds. Furthermore, the effects of potential hydrogen bondings in 1, 2, and possible 1-1 dimer, 2-2 dimer and in prototypical model systems, as well as the stability of these compounds, were investigated computationally. The computed dissociation energies and NMR data support the interpretation of the experimental data.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mono‐Substituted Derivatives of 6‐Aminoquinoline.

Abstract6‐Aminoquinolines are available as potential intermediates in drug design using p‐chloroaniline as an optimal oxidant in the Skraup—Doebner—von Miller reaction.

Ruthenium-catalysed synthesis of 2- and 3-substituted quinolines from anilines and 1,3-diols

A straightforward synthesis of substituted quinolines is described by cyclocondensation of anilines with 1,3-diols. The reaction proceeds in mesitylene solution with catalytic amounts of RuCl(3)·xH(2)O, PBu(3) and MgBr(2)·OEt(2). The transformation does not require any stoichiometric additives and only produces water and dihydrogen as byproducts. Anilines containing methyl, methoxy and chloro substituents as well as naphthylamines were shown to participate in the heterocyclisation. In the 1,3-diol a substituent was allowed in the 1- or the 2-position giving rise to 2- and 3-substituted quinolines, respectively. The best results were obtained with 2-alkyl substituted 1,3-diols to afford 3-alkylquinolines. The mechanism is believed to involve dehydrogenation of the 1,3-diol to the 3-hydroxyaldehyde which eliminates water to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. The latter then reacts with anilines in a similar fashion as observed in the Doebner-von Miller quinoline synthesis.

Synthesis of mono-substituted derivatives of 6-aminoquinoline

Abstract Several 6-aminoquinoline derivatives, which could be used in drug design, have been synthesized. The reaction conditions were comparatively studied, and the p -chloroaniline was used as optimum oxidant in Skraup–Doebner–Von Miller reaction. The nitro group was reduced effectively by SnCl 2 with no halo-removed occurred.

Synthesis of novel annelated systems based on the interaction and reactivity estimation of amino‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones with dimethyl‐2‐oxoglutaconate

Abstract magnified image A number of substituted tetracyclic 4H‐[1,4]diazepino[3,2,1‐hi]pyrido[4,3,2‐cd]indole and tricyclic 1H‐[1,4]diazepino[2,3‐g] or [2,3‐h]quinoline derivatives were prepared from 7‐ (or 8, or 9)amino‐1,5‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones by the Doebner–von Miller quinoline synthesis. The structure of the cyclized products depends on the position of the primary amino group and on the substituents of the diazepine ring of the starting compounds. The regiochemical outcome of the reaction was estimated by calculating average local ionization energies on the molecular surface at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level of theory. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2009).