Von Arx Research Articles

Relationship between root cortical senescence and growth of wheat as influenced by mineral nutrition, Idriella bolleyi (Sprague) von Arx and pruning of leaves

summarySevere deficiencies of nitrogen or calcium enhanced the rate of root cortical death (RCD) when wheat seedlings were grown in perlite in a glasshouse; less severe deficiencies had no effect on RCD even though they significantly reduced both root and shoot growth. Heavy pruning of leaves curtailed root growth but did not affect the rate of RCD in the presence or absence of the weakly pathogenic fungus, Idriella bolleyt (Sprague) von Arx. The results suggest that RCD is less responsive to environmental manipulations than is seedling growth, so RCD is unlikely to be part of a stress‐response mechanism in cereals whereby assimilates or mineral nutrients are mobilized or remobilized to growing tissues.

Barley Yields as Related to Use of Seed Treatments in Eastern Oregon

(...) Seed treatments were evaluated on spring- and fall-planted barley in 13 experiments performed over 2 yr at four sites in eastern Oregon. Seed treatments in the 13 experiments conducted seldom caused significant differences in plant growth, development, or grain yield, or in the severity of Rhizoctonia root rot [R. solani (Kuhn) and R. oryzae (Ryker & Gooch)] or take-all [Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) von Arx & Olivier var. tritici J. Walker]. When yields averaged over all test sites and years it became clear that several fungicides tended to increase yields of spring barley, and all except one mixture reduced yields of fall-planted barley

Identification of ubiquinone isoprenologues in Apiotrichum porosum and a strain of Candida humicola

The demonstration that the ubiquinone isoprenologue present in Apiotrichum porosum (the type species) is Co-Q 9 has two implications: it precludes Apiotrichum from being a synonym of Cryptococcus (Co-Q 10) and it supports von Arx and Weijman's transfer of Candida humicola , the type species of Vanrija , to Apiotrichum . The demonstration that the ubiquinone isoprenologue of NCYC 461 (identified as Candida humicola ) is also Co-Q 9 supports the interpretation that it is another isolate of A. humicola .

Agates by Harry G. Macpherson, Natural History Museum Publications, London. 1989. No. of pages: 72. Price: £4.95. (softback)

Geological JournalVolume 26, Issue 1 p. 93-93 Book ReviewFree Access Agates by Harry G. Macpherson, Natural History Museum Publications, London. 1989. No. of pages: 72. Price: £4.95. (softback) Rolf von Arx, Rolf von ArxSearch for more papers by this author Rolf von Arx, Rolf von ArxSearch for more papers by this author First published: January/March 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350260109AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume26, Issue1January/March 1991Pages 93-93 RelatedInformation

Inoculation of lodgepole pine with four blue-stain fungi associated with mountain pine beetle, monitored by a heat pulse velocity (HPV) instrument

In two separate experiments in the field, healthy 80-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were inoculated with four blue-stain fungi that are associated with mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopk.) and beetle-attacked trees. Inocula of Ophiostomaclavigerum (Robins.-Jeff. & Davids.) Harrington, O, huntii (Robins.-Jeff.) de Hoog & Scheffer, O. montium (Rumb.) von Arx, and O. minus (Hedge.) H. & P. Sydow were prepared on sawdust media. Inoculum was placed under the bark in two areas (8 × 5 cm each), one above the other, separated by a 15-cm space in which heat pulse velocity (HPV) sensors were installed. HPVs in the inoculated trees were monitored daily for 4 weeks. In sections inoculated with O. clavigerum, HPVs were significantly reduced 10 to 13 days after inoculation in both experiments. Sapwood under the inoculated area was visibly altered and colonized by the fungus. The other three fungi did not significantly reduce HPVs. These results proved the capability of O. clavigerum to colonize functional sapwood and stop sap flow within a short period of time and reconfirmed the importance of this fungus in the mortality of trees attacked by mountain pine beetle.

Chaetomiopsis, a New Perithecial Ascomycete Genus from Egyptian Soils

dichotomously branched, coarsely roughened to tuberculate appendages. Asci are broadly cla? vate. Ascospores are characteristic; irregular, with broadly rounded ends. Two subapical to lateral germ pores are found on the conspicuously pitted ascospore walls. In view of the current arrangement of genera in the Chaetomiaceae (Cannon and Hawks? worth, 1982; von Arx et al., 1984; Cannon, 1986), reticulately-ornamented ascospores are con? fined, at present, to the genera Poroconiochaeta Udagawa & Furuya, Sphaerodes Clem. and Persiciospora Cannon & Hawksworth. Ascospores in these genera, however, are very distinct. They are attenuated, ellipsoid to fusiform, with lon? gitudinal germ slits (in the former genus) or two apical germ pores (in the latter genera). Based on this, the erection of a new genus appears appropriate. It is formally described and compared with morphologically related taxa of Ascomy?

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: To the Lengths of God: Truth and the Ecumenical Age. By B. R. Brinkman. The Trinitarian Faith: The Evangelical Theology of the Ancient Catholic Church. By Thomas F. Torrance. The Mystery of the Triune God (Heythrop Monographs, n.6). By John J. O'Donnell. Ecumenical Theology and the Elusiveness of Doctrine. By Paul Avis. Ambiguity and the Presence of God. By Ruth Page. Feminist Interpretation of the Bible. Edited by Letty M. Russell. Problems of Old Testament Theology in the 20th Century. By Henning Graf Reventlow. Revelation and Theology: The Gospel as Narrated Promise. By Ronald F. Thiemann. Studying the Old Testament: From Tradition to Canon. By Annemarie Ohler. Form and Vitality in the World and God: A Christian Perspective. By Trevor Williams. Jesus and Community: The Social Dimension of Christian Faith. By Gerhard Lohfink. Church, Charism and Power. By L. Boff. Theological Dialogue between Orthodox and Reformed Churches. Edited by Thomas F. Torrance. The Practice of Faith: A Handbook of Contemporary Spirituality. By Karl Rahner, edited by Karl Lehmann and Albert Raffelt. Let This Mind Be In You: The Quest for Identity Through Oedipus to Christ. By Sebastian Moore. St Francis: A Model for Human Liberation. By L. Boff. The Sacred in a Secular Age. Edited by Phillip E. Hammond. Sickness and Sectarianism: Exploratory Studies in Medical and Religious Sectarianism. Edited by R. Kenneth Jones. Sacrifice in Africa: A Structuralist Approach. By Luc de Heusch. Theoretical Explorations in African Religion. Edited by W. van Binsbergen and M. Schoffeleers. Cult Controversies: The Societal Response to the New Religious Movements. By James A. Beckford. Apocalypse Delayed. The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. By M. James Penton. The Lawful Rights of Mankind: An Introduction to the International Legal Code of Human Rights. By Paul Sieghart. The Theory and Practice of Human Rights. By L. J. Mcfarlane. Should the Baby Live? The Problem of Handicapped Infants (Studies in Bioethics). By Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer. Life in the Balance: Exploring the Abortion Controversy. By Robert N. Wennberg. Abortion: The Catholic Debate in America. By Hans Lotstra. Philosophy for Understanding Theology. By Diogenes Allen. Parmenides of Elea: Fragments. Edited by David Gallop. Theophrastus of Eresus, on his Life and Work (Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities). Edited by William W. Fortenbaugh (et al.). Scepticism or Platonism? The Philosophy of the Fourth Academy. By Harold Tarrant (Cambridge Classical Studies). Greek Religion, Archaic and Classical. By Walter Burkert. History, Society and the Churches: Essays in honour of Owen Chadwick. Edited by Derek Beales and Geoffrey Best. Scotland and the Crusades, 1095–1560. By Alan Macquarrie. Religious Toleration and Social Change in Hamburg, 1512–1819 By Joachim Whaley. Churchmen and Philosophers By Bruce Kuklick. Nietzsche and Pascal on Christianity (American University Studies, Series V, Philosophy). By Charles M. Natoli. Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. By James E. McClellan. Monsieur Portal et les siens (1855–1926). By Regis Ladous, preface by Emile Poulat. Progress and Pessimism: Religion, Politics and History in Late Nineteenth Century Britain (Harvard Historical Studies 104). By J.P. von Arx. The Social Vision of William Blake. By Michael Ferber. Christian Trade Unions in the Weimar Republic, 1918–1933: The Failure of‘Corporate Pluralism’. By William L. Patch, Jr. Theologians Under Hitler: Gerhard Kittel, Paul Althaus and Emmanuel Hirsch. By Robert P. Ericksen. Westminster, Whitehall and the Vatican: The Role of Cardinal Hinsley, 1935–43. By Thomas Moloney. The Triple Myth: A Life of Archbishop Alojzije Stepinac. By Stella Alexander. The Nun, the Infidel and the Superman. By D. Felicitas Corrigan. A Basic Grammar of the Ugaritic Language with Selected Texts and Glossary. By Stanislav Segert.

The Eremomycetaceae (Ascomycotina)

The Eremomycetaceae is shown to contain three species: Eremomyces bilateralis Malloch & Cain, Rhexothecium globosum Samson & Mouchacca, and Pithoascus langeronii von Arx, which is treated as a new combination in Eremomyces. The family is characterized by members having pseudoparenchymatous ascomatal initials, cleistothecia, clavate to ovoid evanescent asci, and one-celled hyaline to pale brown ascospores. Two of the three species have Arthrographis-like or Trichosporiella-like anamorphs. The pseudoparenchymatous ascomatal initials characteristic of this family strongly suggest that it should be included in the class Loculoascomycetes.

A New Species of Persiciospora from African Soil

Traditionally Melanospora Corda included those fungi with perithecial ascomata possessing long necks and a thin, pale-colored peridium, evanescent asci, and one-celled, brown ascospores with or without ornamentation. Similar fungi with non-ostiolate ascomata were placed in Microthecium Corda. In recent years there has been a tendency to evaluate the presence or absence of an ostiole as being of minor significance (Von Arx, 1973; Cailleux, 1971; Krug et al., 1983). This has resulted in Microthecium being synonymized with Melanospora (Von Arx, 1973; Cannon and Hawksworth, 1982). Melanospora was treated by Doguet (1955) while Microthecium has been considered by Udagawa and Cain (1969) and Hawksworth and Udagawa (1977). Further species have been added to both taxa (e.g. Morinaga et al.,1978; Udagawa and Takada, 1974). Von Arx (1981) pointed out that Sphaerodes Clem. is available for those species with ornamented spores which appear to represent a phylogenetic unit. Meanwhile Krug and Jeng (1979) erected Pteridiosperma for some discordant species while Rhytidospora was described by Jeng and Cain (1977) for another abnormal element in this complex. Cannon and Hawksworth (1982), while treating the British taxa, reappraised the relationship of Melanospora with related genera. This resulted in the erection of several new genera, of which one was Persiciospora Cannon & Hawksw. While studying fungi isolated from tropical

Some keratinophilic fungi from Spain

Three keratinophilic species of Gymnoascaceae obtained in culture and isolated from Spanish soils are described, i.e. Amauroascus kuehnii von Arx, Arachnotheca albicans (Apinis) von Arx and Gymnoascus reticulatus Zukal. All of them are new records from Spain.

Book reviews

Book review oin this Articles:Biochemistry of Virus‐Infected Plants, by R. S. S. Fraser.Soilborne Plant Pathogens, by G. W. Bruehl.Advances in Plant Pathology, Volume 5, edited by D. S. Ingram and P. H. Williams.Microbiology of the Phyllosphere, edited by N J Fokkema and J. van den Heuvel.Genetic Basis of Biochemical Mechanisms of Plant Disease, edited by J. V. Groth and W. R. Bushnell.Plant Pathogenic Fungi, by J. A. von Arx. Beihefte zur Nova HedwigiaMycotoxicology, by W. F. O. Marasas and P E Nelson.

Annellidic conidiogenesis in Pithoascus schumacheri and redefinition of Pithoascus and related fungi

The presence of a Scopulariopsis Bainier anamorph in Pithoascus schumacheri (Hansen) von Arx is reported. Pithoascus langeronii von Arx is transfered to the monotypic new genus Pithoascina, on the basis of ascospore morphology and conidial state. The new combination Pithoascus stysanophorus (Matt.) Valmaseda, Martínez & Barrasa is also proposed. The relationship between the genera Pithoascus von Arx and Microascus Zukal is discussed.

Crown rot fungi of Nigerian bananas cv. Robusta and the effects of benomyl on their exo‐enzymes

AbstractEight species of fungi were consistently obtained from crown rots of Nigerian bananas cv. Robusta. The predominant species were Botryodiplodia theobromae PAT. and Colletotrichum musae (BERK. & CURT) VON ARX. Others include: Ceratocystis paradoxa (DADE) C. MOREAU, Fusarium solani (MART.) SACC., Fusarium roseum SAYD. & HANS, Fusarium moliniformae SHELDON, Fusarium oxysporum SCHLECHT and Verticillum theobromae (TURC.) MASON & HUGHES. Growth‐temperature relations showed that B. theobromae and C. musae grew best at 30 °C within the 8‐day incubation period. Both fungal species produced extracellularly, amylases, pectin (methyl) esterase and CM‐cellulases. The synthesis of these enzymes was completely inhibited by the presence of the fungicide benomyl at concentrations of 200 ppm and above in the growth medium. At lower concentrations (50–150 ppm), pectin esterase and CM‐cellulase production was also suppressed while amylases were produced in measurable amounts.

Morphologic and physiologic studies of three dematiaceous pathogens.

Uncertainty in identifying a dematiaceous mold from a human bronchial washing precipitated a study of Dactylaria gallopava (Cooke) Bhatt et Kendrick and its relationship to Scolecobasidium constrictum Abbott. Morphologic and physiologic studies were conducted with representative isolates and subcultures derived from the isolates used to prepare the type specimens of these two fungi, as well as a third dark mold, Ochroconis constricta (Abbott) de Hoog et von Arx. All test isolates were morphologically similar in that two-celled, cylindrical blastoconidia with a rhexolytic mode of dehiscence were the predominant and most consistent anamorphic structures. Sympodial development of the conidiophore was too variable to distinguish the isolates. Based on their morphologic similarity, we propose a new combination within the genus Dactylaria as amended by Bhatt and Kendrick, D. constricta (Abbott) Dixon et Salkin. However, D. constricta could be differentiated into two groups on the basis of physiologic tests--a subgroup in which isolates grow at 37 and 45 degrees C, give a delayed positive gelatin reaction, and are inhibited on Mycosel agar; and a second subgroup in which isolates grow on Mycosel agar and give a rapid positive gelatin reaction, but do not grow at 37 or 45 degrees C. We recommend that D. constricta be viewed as a potential pathogen when isolated from clinical specimens.

An Amended Description ofTrematosphaeria

An amended description of Trematosphaeria is proposed, a generitype specimen is selected, and an anamorph connection reassessed. Five species of Trematosphaeria are de? scribed and presented in a key: T. pertusa, T. confusa, T. hydrela, T. mangrovis, and T. cariosa. Trematosphaeria heterospora is transferred to Phaeosphaeria and the teleomorph and an anamorph are described. The anamorph of Melanomma pulvis-pyrius is described; it does not belong to Aposphaeria. Trematosphaeria Fuckel is common to a century of taxonomic works on the Ascomycetes. Repeatedly, the generic distinctiveness of Trematosphaeria has been described and outlined in taxonomic keys, i.e., Saccardo (1883), Winter (1885), Lindau (1897), Luttrell (1973), Von Arx and Miiller (1975), and over sixty fungal taxonomists have determined that their new or transferred species belonged to Trematosphaeria. Yet, synonymy of Trematosphaeria with Melanomma Fuckel has been proposed, though rarely practiced (Winter, 1885; Berlese, 1891; Samuels and Miiller, 1979), and of late, the species named in Trematosphaeria have been regarded as an unnatural grouping (Holm, 1957; Munk, 1957; Boise, 1984). I (Boise, 1984) surveyed eighty-two species named in Trematosphaeria or described to be Trematosphaeria-like and found that most of these species do not meet the fundamental criteria for membership in Trematosphaeria that can be inferred from its higher taxa, that is, the characteristics ofthe Melanommataceae, Melanommatales, Loculoascomycetes (Barr, 1979). Excluded species are discussed in other work (Boise, 1983,1984). In this report, I present a description of Trema? tosphaeria that is consistent with, but more elaborate than FuckePs (1870) protologue and conforms with modern classification of higher taxa of Loculoasco? mycetes. A generitype specimen is selected, five species of Trematosphaeria are described, and an anamorph connection is reassessed. SPECIMEN TYPIFICATION

Gaeumannomyces graminis . [Distribution map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) von Arx & Olivier. Hosts: Cereals and other Poaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Algeria, Central African Republic, Egypt, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Asia, China, Hong Kong, India, Madhya Pradesh, Iran, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, USSR, Siberia, Urkutsk, Australasia & Oceania, Australia, Canberra, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, Belgium, Britain & Northetn Ireland, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, Sicily, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USSR, Baltic, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine, N. Caucasus, Yugoslavia, North America, Canada, USA, South America, Argentina, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay.

A revision of the genus Neocosmospora (Hypocreales)

A revision of the genus Neocosmospora (Ascomycotina, Hypocreales) is presented. Five species are accepted and a key provided, and N. africana von Arx is treated as a variety of N. vasinfecta E.F.Sm., on the basis of SEM investigation of ascospore ornamentation. Short notes on nomenclature, relationships and pathogenicity are included. The existence of diploid and tetraploid races of N. vasinfecta corresponding to small and large ascopore morphs is postulated.

841248 Horizontally travelling waves in a group of piles taking pile-soil-pile interaction into account : Wolf, J P; Von Arx, G A Earthq Engng Struct DynamV10, N2, March–April 1982, P255–266

841248 Horizontally travelling waves in a group of piles taking pile-soil-pile interaction into account : Wolf, J P; Von Arx, G A Earthq Engng Struct DynamV10, N2, March–April 1982, P255–266

The correct binomial for the chrysanthemum ray blight pathogen in relation to its geographical distribution

The correct binomial for the chrysanthemum ray blight pathogen is Didymella ligulicola (Baker, Dimock & Davis) von Arx. Taxonomic, nomenclatural and plant pathological evidence for rejection of Didymella chrysanthemi (Tassi) Garibaldi & Gullino, based on Sphaerella chrysanthemi Tassi, is presented and this fungus is shown to be a species of Mycosphaerella. No evidence could be found of the presence of the ray blight pathogen in Italy before 1960.

Isoelectric point determination of human and camel β-endorphin, α-endorphin and enkephalins

The isoelectric point of the camel and the human β-endorphin, of the α-endorphin and the enkephalins were determined by analytical isoelectric focusing on 1 mm thin polyacrylamide gel slab. The difficulty of staining peptides as short as β-endorphin or smaller was overcomed using a modification of Bibring and Baxandall's or Faupel and Von Arx's staining method. The camel β-endorphin gives two bands having isoelectric point of 10.3 and 10.4, the human β-endorphin focus at pH 9.9, while α-endorphin, leu and met-enkephalin at pH 5.9, 5.5 and 5.45 respectively. The staining method described coupled with the isoelectric focusing seems to be fit for discriminating β-endorphin in a crude rat pituitary extract.