Production Volume Research Articles

The influence of extruded cereals in composition of combined feeds on the quality of the obtained pork

Problems of saturating the diet of humans and animals with protein are solved in the areas of food, medical, social and economic technologies that ensure proper health and longevity. Solving the problem of increasing production and use of protein resources is aimed, first of all, at ensuring the country's food problem. This is achieved by increasing the volume of production of protein resources at the expense of plant and animal raw materials. The aim of the work was to determine the effectiveness of the effect of extruded soybeans and peas on the metabolic processes of pigs and the quality of the obtained pork. Pigs fed on corn-soy compound feed had higher average daily gains, had significantly (P < 0.05) 25 % higher average daily gains and 8.7 % lower feed costs per unit of gain compared to the control. The animals of other experimental groups, which were fed wheat-soybean and wheat-pea combined feed, also had probably higher productivity compared to the control group. After conducting a physiological balance experiment, it was established that different intensity of assimilation of certain substances by the body of pigs depends on the structure of the diet. The highest biological availability of phosphorus was observed from wheat-pea compound feed. When examining the slaughter qualities of experimental animals relative to intact ones, the fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae was lower by 10.5 % in representatives of the fourth group and higher by 13.4 % in the second group. The data obtained after the control slaughter of the animals indicate a slight variation in the weight of the carcass from 10.08 to 10.59 kg, where the first indicator was found in the animals of the 4th group, and the second – in the second group. During the analysis of lard samples, a decrease in the amount of total moisture was observed compared to intact animals of the 3rd group by 4.5 %, as well as a predominance of representatives of the 2nd and 4th groups, respectively, by 5.7 % and 5.3 %. According to the indicators of the iodine number and the refractive index, no significant difference between the studied groups was established. Determination of the parameters of the initial melting temperature of lard showed its minimum value in animals of the intact group, and the maximum value in the 4th group, where the difference between them was 5.0 %.

Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan Produksi Home Industri Kerupuk Beras Merah di Desa Jatiluwih Tabanan, Bali

Jatiluwih Village is one of the villages in Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. The main agrotourism capital of Jatiluwih Village is the agribusiness activity of red rice production, terraced rice fields and natural beauty. In creating various products that empower the community in Jatiluwih Village. The home industry aims to promote local products produced by the community in Jtiluwih Village. The aim of implementing the activity is to empower groups to become economically active groups through home industry productivity. Increase the knowledge and skills of group members in the field of production and marketing of the home industry of red sandalwood rice crackers. Developing the Jatiluwih Village PKK group to be economically independent. The activity method is carried out through socialization, training and mentoring in the PKK Group in Jatiluwih Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. Community service activities carried out by PKK members in Jatiluwih Village, in an effort to develop the home industry, are as follows: Socialization of product hygiene shows that the knowledge of PKK members in Jatiluwih Village has increased by up to 100%. Training given to Jatiluwih Village PKK members in the use of grinding machines and mixers showed an increase of up to 80%. This shows that home industrial activities in Jatiluwih Village make it possible to increase production volume with training and mentoring.

Priority directions for increasing production volumes in the regional livestock industry

Abstract The efficiency of agricultural production is determined by one of key parameters, namely, the production volume, which directly affects the earning power and profitability of the agricultural sector. The current level of development of the agricultural sector, both in the country as a whole and in most regions, indicates two trends in the development of the livestock industry and production, namely, processes of an intensive and extensive nature, thanks to which production volumes are also growing. At the same time, their influence on the scale of production activity is multidirectional. With the further development of technical and technological modernization, the introduction of modern technologies, the digital transformation of the livestock industry, processes related to the intensification of agricultural production should become priority methods for stimulating the growth of volumes, which will significantly and rapidly increase production volumes, ensure a significant increase in labor productivity, increase the level of its intellectualization.

FROM ENERGY INTENSITY TO SUSTAINABILITY: AN ANALYSIS OF TRENDS IN THE ALUMINIUM INDUSTRY

The article analyses trends in the aluminium industry from the point of view of sustainable development and energy efficiency. The significant impact of industrial enterprises on the environment is discussed, particularly, the high level of greenhouse gas emissions caused by energy consumption in aluminium smelting. Possibilities of reducing the negative impact due to the use of renewable energy sources, such as hydropower, as well as the implementation of energy-efficient practices, have been identified. A taxonomic analysis was used to assess the sustainable development of aluminium enterprises due to its advantage in identifying problems and directions for production improvement. The proposed method of analysis is based on the system of factors that influence the development of the industry and correspond to the concept of sustainable development. Based on the available data of the International Aluminium Institute (IAI), the analysis was carried out using the following factors: economic (volume of production, energy intensity of primary aluminium smelting, total energy consumption of production, labour productivity, impact of energy intensity on emissions), environmental (emissions of greenhouse gases and energy consumption of aluminium smelting using different energy sources), social (million hours reported worked, lost time accident rate, restricted work/medical treatment accident rate). Approbation of the proposed methodology on the example of international statistical data makes it possible to determine the biggest gaps in ensuring the sustainable development of aluminium industry production, including the use of various energy sources. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that none of the factors used in monitoring the activities of aluminium producers reach the reference values. In the block of economic factors, the taxonomic indicator varies between 0.18 and 0.38 (the worst efficiency is observed in terms of total production volumes). Environmental factors have taxonomic values in the range of 0.07–0.36 (the largest reserves exist in ensuring the efficiency of energy consumption using hydropower, as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the process of primary aluminium production). Among the social factors, the biggest problems are labour safety and lost working hours; as a result, the taxonomic indicator for this block is in the range of 0.04 - 0.33. The obtained results indicate the need for constant improvements in the production of aluminium, which is one of the main producers of greenhouse gases due to the high energy intensity of production. The proposed approach for conducting an analysis can be improved depending on the available statistical data and the goals of the analysis. In any case, it is valuable for obtaining information on the most critical areas in supporting the sustainable development of the industry.

Autonomous Inflow Control Valves Enable Better Water Control in Peru Oil Field

_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 218074, “Making Better Wells With Autonomous Inflow Control Valves for Water Control in the Flank of the Bretaña Norte Oil Field, Peru: A Case Study,” by Willy Garcia, SPE, J. Antonio Zegarra, SPE, and Edwar Bustamante, PetroTal Peru, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. _ Bretaña Norte is a heavy oil greenfield in a remote area of northeast Peru. The field development strategy was designed around horizontal wells and advanced completions with autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs). As a part of a technology evaluation program, autonomous inflow-control-valve (AICV) technology was selected for field trials because of its ability to autonomously shut off water based on fluid properties. A reservoir simulation study was conducted, and the expected performance of AICV was compared with other AICD technologies installed in the field, indicating potential benefits related to better reservoir management. Field Description Bretaña Norte is an onshore field in the Peruvian Amazon. The Vivian formation is the main reservoir of the Bretaña Norte field and consists entirely of fluvial deposits composed of massive, moderately sorted, fluvial sandstones with thicknesses ranging from 40 to 200 ft. The Vivian formation is subdivided into Vivian S1 and Vivian S2, but only the Vivian S2 formation has been exploited to date. Heavy oil is produced from the Vivian S2 formation (18–19 °API and 25 cp), which features reservoir permeability ranging from 1 to 4 darcies. An active bottom aquifer of greater than 400-ft thickness was encountered under the60-ft oil column of the reservoir, posing a difficult production challenge to the operator: how to handle high volumes of water production that must be reinjected into a different formation. The Bretaña Norte field began production in 2018 with a few initial deviated wells with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). The first horizontal well completed with standalone screens (SAS) experienced early water breakthrough. Thus, the operator opted for advanced completions with screens and AICDs in 2019. Between 2019 and 2023, 11 wells were completed with different AICD technologies. Even though initial results were positive, such outcomes have been highly dependent on the structural position of the wells. In 2022, a trial well was completed with the AICV technology in the flank of the reservoir, significantly closer to the oil/water contact (OWC), to evaluate its performance under challenging conditions. AICV Technology The AICV is an AICD designed to modify its open-flow area according to the properties (viscosity and density) of the fluids flowing through it and to choke flow progressively as water cut or gas-volume fraction values increase. The AICV is fully reversible, meaning that, if changes in the fluids flowing through the valve occur, it will reopen or reclose accordingly. The AICV consists of two flow paths, the main flow path and the pilot flow path, with an approximate flow distribution of 97 and 3%, respectively. Fig. 1 presents a schematic of the AICV, including a heat map showing the pressure distribution across the different flow paths.

Trends in the development of organic production in Europe

Abstract The Sustainable Development Goals direct the activities of all sectors of the economy to preserve the environment and minimize the negative consequences of anthropogenic activities. The agro-industrial complex is a major source of pollution of soil, water, air and the entire biosphere in general, and therefore significant changes have been taking place in agriculture over the last 20 years, both in the methods of its organization and in the directions of development. Europe was chosen as the object of analysis for the study, since it is here that almost all countries use organic technologies in the agricultural sector, the area of organic land, the number of organic producers, the volume of produced, exported and imported organic products, and their consumption increase every year. As part of the work, countries are grouped (by calculating a multidimensional average from a number of indicators) according to the level of development of organic agriculture, and the reasons for the differences are established; based on the method of correlation and regression analysis, the relationship between the demand for organic products and the level of average income in the country was identified and described; the structure of exports and imports of organic products was studied; the pace of development of the production of organic products was determined according to key characteristics, the main projects adopted in the field of crop production were considered in order to increase the volume of production of organic products. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the pace and directions of development of organic agriculture in the European Union.

Optimizing coordinate measuring machine measurement plans: Economic benefits and environmental impact

This paper focusses on describing the economic benefits of optimizing coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurement plans using the know-how in understanding the evolution of measurement error due to the dynamic effects of CMM design. The optimization method described in this paper is low in terms of investment costs because it only involves the utilization of the capacity of machinery and service personnel. It is a suitable complementary activity in case of lower utilization of workplaces using CMM for dimensional inspection of production. The conclusions of this paper may be important, especially for workplaces where serial production is inspected. The method can be used for optimizing capacity utilization in the case of an increase of production volume on the order of units to lower tens of percent without spending investment resources.

Research and Application of Drilling and Completion Technologies on Large-size Injection-production Well

Abstract The large-size injection-production well can increase the injection-production capacity to more than 3 times, compared with the conventional-size one. However, it had not been popularized and promoted for many years since it had the technical difficulties of long construction period, high engineering risk and large investment in a single well. The Liaohe double-6 gas storage planned to deploy 3 large-size horizontal wells, aiming at further improving injection-production capacity to satisfy peak shaving demand. To overcome the technical difficulties of large-size well, the drilling scheme was optimized according to geological characteristics of double-6 block in the paper. It included wellbore structure design, wellbore diameter control technology and hole cleaning technology. The optimized drilling scheme can not only improve the wellbore integrity, but also reduce the risk of engineering accidents and shorten the drilling period greatly. Besides, the cementing technology was optimized as well from the aspects of hierarchical cementing and cement slurry design, which can be used to solve the problems of high pressure at the bottom of well and large leaking risk of cement. On the basis, the above drilling and cementing technologies were applied to develop three large-size wells, and good practical results were achieved. The average completion period of the three well was 104 days, 36 days shorter than the planned period, which realized the applying effects that large-size wells can be designed, constructed, and produced in the same year. Moreover, the ultrasonic evaluation results showed that the average qualified rates of the three wells in technical casing was 92.8%, which was much higher than the industry standard. Besides, the test results showed that the injection and production volume of each large-size well in the paper can exceed 3 million cubic meters, solving the problem of insufficient injection-production capacity in the months with high peak shaving demand. Above all, the drilling and cementing technologies of large-size well had been optimized in the paper, which successfully reduced the well completion period, and improve the cementing quality and the safety of drilling construction. The researches can not only ensure the project quality of large-size well in Liaohe double-6 gas storage, but also provide technical support for promoting the drilling and completion engineering of large-size well in other domestic and foreign gas storages.

Анализ экономической эффективности предприятий сферы туризма и гостеприимства крымской туристской дестинации

The article examines the factors characterizing the quality of work of firms in the tourist and recreation sector, their manifestation, and their impact on the efficiency of activities in tourism, which is necessary to assess the prospects for the development of the Crimean republican tourist destination as a whole. Thus, in the perspective of sectoral development, the possibility of large enterprises to compete more effectively in international and national markets of tourist services is given. The study shows the role of each form of entrepreneurship in the development of the region’s economy. Data on average annual number of employees and total assets of enterprises were suggested as estimated indicators that can characterize the scale of activity. The assessment of the economies of scale of enterprises in the Crimea as a whole and for the Greater Yalta subregion was carried out as a factor that influences the effective work of tourism and recreation firms. In the study, the economies of scale were considered a cost advantage that a firm receives by increasing production volume. It is assumed that such an advantage should arise due to the inverse relationship between fixed costs per unit of production and its quantity. That is, the larger the volume of products, the lower the fixed costs per unit of production. However, the results obtained indicate the lack of economies of scale and, as a result, the negative impact of such a situation on the efficiency of activities in general. The study used a wide range of general scientific methods – analysis and synthesis, abstract logic, system and correlation analysis, and others. The paper analyzes official statistical data on industry enterprises as well as research on this area.

An extreme thermal cycling reliability test of ATLAS ITk Strips barrel modules

At the end of Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the accelerator complex will be upgraded to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in order to increase the total amount of data provided to its experiments. To cope with the increased rates of data, radiation, and pileup, the ATLAS detector will undergo a substantial upgrade, including a replacement of the Inner Detector with a future Inner Tracker, called the ITk. The ITk will be composed of pixel and strip sub-detectors, where the strips portion will be composed of 17,888 silicon strip detector modules. During the HL-LHC running period, the ITk will be cooled and warmed a number of times from about -35°C to room temperature as part of the operational cycle, including warm-ups during yearly shutdowns. To ensure ITk Strips modules are functional after these expected temperature changes, and to ensure modules are mechanically robust, each module must undergo ten thermal cycles and pass a set of electrical and mechanical criteria before it is placed on a local support structure. This paper describes the thermal cycling Quality Control (QC) procedure, and results from the barrel pre-production phase (about 5% of the production volume). Additionally, in order to assess the headroom of the nominal QC procedure of 10 cycles and to ensure modules don't begin failing soon after, four representative ITk Strips barrel modules were thermally cycled 100 times — this study is also described.

Glass Factory of Peasants Shapenkovs in the 19th Century, Lower Tobol Region

This paper examines the history of the peasants Shapenkovs’ glass factory. It operated in one of the districts of the Lower Tobol region (Western Siberia). The purpose of the research is to study the range, production volume, color of products and sales regions, raw materials and tools, identify and attribute bottle stamps stored in museum collections and discovered by archaeological excavations. These data will help process archaeological collections obtained by excavations of the Modern Times monuments. 19th century archives and prerevolutionary publications give details on the range, production volume, color of products and sales markets. The thesis explains why the sales markets were changed and how it impacted the production volumes. The study traces the origins of raw materials and tools used to manufacture glass products. The authors review the fluctuations in the labor force throughout the entire period of the factory’s operation and their impact on the production volume. Revision lists and parish registers suggest the dates of the factory’s transition from one owner to another. The collected data indicate that between 1804 and the late 1830s the factory was located near the village of Rafaylovsky. In the late 1830s it was moved to another place near the village of Bateni, Rafaylovsky volost, Yalutorovsky district, Tobolsk province. There it functioned until the third quarter of the 19th cen- tury. The collection of P.P. Ershov Ishim Museum Complex revealed 3 bottle stamps of the considered factory. One more stamp was discovered during archaeological excavations in the city of Tobolsk. The archaeological finds allow to establish the sale markets of products absent in the written sources. It is established that the production was running during periods missing any written evidence. The first quarter of the 19th century accounts for a fairly stable production volume. In the early second quarter of the 19th century the factory was idle, and in the 1850s production peaked. In the second half of the 1860s there was a significant decline in output. By the mid-1870s the factory had closed.

Determinan Yang Memengaruhi Pemilihan Saluran Pemasaran Kopi Robusta Di Kabupaten Malang

The demand for coffee in Malang Regency by determining the quantity of commodities is very dependent on the marketing subsystem. Robusta coffee marketing channels in Malang Regency include marketing institutions, namely small traders, sub-district collectors and large traders. Coffee marketing is dominated by small traders. This research aims to analyze the determinants that influence the choice of marketing channels for Robusta coffee in Malang Regency. The location of this research was carried out in two villages, namely Srimulyo Village and Sukodono Village, Kec. Dampit, Kab. Poor. The respondents in this research were Robusta coffee farmers in two villages in a total of 60 respondents. Marketing agency respondents were then determined using snowball sampling techniques. Snowball sampling method by collecting data based on information from previous respondents based on existing marketing patterns in Malang Regency. This research uses multinomial logit analysis by determining efficient marketing channels as a reference variable. Based on the results of marketing channel analysis, it was found that there are 5 marketing channel patterns. Marketing channel 1 consists of 27 farmers and the largest channel choice is 45%, while the results of the marketing efficiency analysis show that channel 5, namely direct farmers to wholesalers, is the most efficient. Marketing channel 5 consists of 11 farmers with a percentage of 18.3%. The results of the research show that 3 variables influence the choice of marketing channels, namely production volume, farming experience, and education level. Suggestions from research for extension workers and local governments need to assist farmers regarding financing and coffee market information so that marketing channel choices are more varied.

Creation of a collection of pathogens of tomato fruits in Central and Northern Kazakhstan and their cultural and morphological characteristics

This article examines the study of one of the important vegetable crops - tomato, and its position in the country's market. Tomato fruits are rich in nutrients, have pharmacological properties, and their cultivation has a significant impact on the agricultural economy. According to the effect of various factors on the plant, tomatoes are susceptible to diseases that change the quality and taste of fruits. They can be exposed, as well as to local factors of cultivation, and are affected by infectious diseases, which are conditionally divided into bacterial, fungal and viral. The aim of the study is to identify the main pathogens of tomato fruits in central and northern Kazakhstan and their cultural and morphological characteristics. Creating a collection of pathogens. To achieve these goals, we use such techniques as collecting affected tomato fruits with identified lesions, isolating pathogens of phytopathogens from infected tissues of tomato fruits by the CTAB method of DNA isolation, cultural and morphological characteristics of pathogen strains using microscopy, conducting genetic identification of isolated strains by PCR test and sequencing. As a result of the study, about 50 tomato fruits from various regions of Kazakhstan were selected, from which 36 samples of pathogens belonging to the genera Alternaria spp., Apiospora spp. and Fusarium spp. were isolated, with characteristic cultural-morphological and physiological-biochemical signs, and molecular genetic identification was carried out, during which the species of Alternaria were identified alstroemeriae, Apiospora sacchari and Fusarium equiseti. Based on the data obtained, the study of tomato diseases and their pathogens is key to developing effective measures to protect and increase the resistance of this important agricultural plant to infections, which in turn contributes to improving the quality and increasing its production volumes. For a more effective diagnosis of plant diseases, identification of pathogens and their number, we recommend conducting a polymerase chain reaction. This is due to the fact that PCR diagnostics is the most accurate and fastest analysis to identify the pathogen present in the studied materials. This method allows you to determine the presence of the pathogen, even if only a few DNA molecules are present in the sample.

Issues of efficiency of financing the agricultural sector

In many economically developed countries, state support, financial investments in the agricultural industry, increasing productivity and profitability, ensuring the availability of food are the main factors of economic growth, first of all, employment of the population. Purpose - the main problems of financing the agro-industrial complex of the republic and scientific approaches to their solution are considered. Methods - comparative analysis, synthesis, monographic, logical evaluation to determine the mechanisms affecting the effectiveness of state aid and investment. Results - the article analyzes the sources of budgetary allocation of the agrarian sector. The significance of the implementation of targeted programs aimed at improving the quality of life of rural residents through price, tax, leasing mechanisms, soft loans and subsidies is shown. The study presents information for 2018-2022, supplemented by the data of the National Project on the development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025, including the total volume of agro-industrial production and the size of capital investments. The study notes the need to increase the volume of domestic processing industry, allowing agricultural producers to expand the market for products, create conditions for new jobs, attract investment, and contribute to economic and social stability. Conclusions - specialization of rural areas, development of technical map and related organization of production in promising villages and district centers, increase in exports, distribution of online services are strategic directions of development of food complex, economic activity of agroformations. The use of external resources gives an opportunity to improve financial results, and farms - to increase income from core activities. When planning large investments in agricultural projects, one of the key criteria is the choice of capital structure to support the investment process.

SUPPORT DISTRIBUTION TO AGRIBUSINESSES IN KRASNOYARSK KRAI

The effectiveness of state support is affected not only by its structure by type, but also by its distribution among producers. In 2022, the 30 largest agribusinesses, receiving 46.3% of the total support, provide 58.3% of tax revenues in the AIC of Krasnoyarsk Krai, and their revenue is 28.6% of the volume of agricultural production in the region. The concentration ratio of support in Krasnoyarsk Krai is high: in 2022, it reaches 0.46, generally showing decrease in 2018-2022. The author calculates another indicator – Equal Distribution of Support Index: the higher it is, the greater the volume of revenue and tax revenues generated by recipients of budget funds. In Krasnoyarsk Krai, it shows positive dynamics, indicating both an increase in revenue and tax revenues among support recipients and expanded access of agribusinesses to support. Purpose. To highlight the main trends in the distribution of support in the agro-industrial complex of Krasnoyarsk Krai and their impact on the performance of the industry. Methodology. The article uses statistical analysis to study time series on support volumes, distribution among recipients, and their dynamics. Elements of financial statement analysis of companies receiving support are used. Results. Data were obtained characterizing the degree of concentration and uniformity of distribution of support among the subjects of the agro-industrial complex in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Practical implications. The results should be used by executive authorities when analyzing the distribution of support among entities of the agro-industrial complex in Krasnoyarsk Krai.

Agrotourism in Kazakhstan as a factor of economic empowerment of rural population

Nowadays agrotourism is one of the most important tools for improving the image of the village and its attractiveness for economically active population, an effective mechanism for spreading entrepreneurship in rural areas and increasing economic opportunities for rural residents by diversifying the activities of peasant (farmer) farms. Purpose - the concept of "agrotourism", factors constraining the development of the industry are considered, new approaches to expanding the range of tourism services in rural areas of Kazakhstan on the basis of the model "One Village - One Product" (OVOP) are studied. Methods - empirical for the purpose of data selection, observation and research of specific phenomena, establishing links between them; statistical, economic analysis, logical - to identify general trends or effects, use of international experience and generalization of results. Results - the authors note that rural tourism in the country is fragmented, there is no concept and system principles in the tourism sector, which are the key barriers to the development of tourism agribusiness in the country. Popularization of the OVOP movement in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan will contribute to the creation of new jobs, the growth of rural people's welfare. It is shown that the agritourism sector is one of the rapidly developing directions in modern tourism. In Kazakhstan there are potential reserves of its wide distribution, which allow to diversify the tourist product and create an additional item of income to the budget of the republic. Conclusions - agrarian tourism is an important segment of modernization of agrarian sector economy, promising innovative rural entrepreneurship. The development of tourism infrastructure in rural areas contributes to the diversification of rural economy, increasing employment and income of rural population, increasing the number of small business enterprises, the volume of production of environmentally friendly products of private subsidiary plots and farms, reducing the outflow of rural population to the cities. Agritourism industry has a large reserve of natural and human resources. However, the authors state that farmers need information and consulting support of tourist firms.

Criteria and tools for improving trust relations between dairy cluster stakeholders

The article shows the necessity and timeliness of building trusting relationships between stakeholders in projects to create a dairy cluster - an association of institutionally independent enterprises integrated into an inter-industry complex, in order to obtain a synergetic result from balanced cooperative relations between them. The cluster should take into account the interests of all its participants, so maintaining trust between them is necessary for the formation of the food chain in the dairy business, which in turn serves as a catalyst for the effective development of the dairy industry, increasing the volume of production and quality of dairy products. The aim is to study the influence of factors on the common interest, partnership between stakeholders in the project environment, as well as the development of methodological and practical recommendations for the application of tools of effective interaction between them, which contributes to the success of the project and the achievement of common goals. Methods - abstract-logical to identify problems and causes, online survey of respondents using Google-form, Cronbach's Alpha modeling methods are used to assess the reliability and internal consistency of questions in the model created in the Smart PLS program when analyzing complex relationships between latent variables (constructs) that cannot be measured directly. In the course of the study 76 respondents from all regions of Kazakhstan, which are potential stakeholders in the activities of the dairy subcomplex, were interviewed. Results - reliability and validity of the chosen conceptual model were established, the necessity of deepening the hypotheses put forward during the life cycle of the project on the functioning of the dairy cluster was proved. Conclusions - innovative entrepreneurship cannot be successful without managing the process of forming an atmosphere of trusting relations along the entire chain of the production process - from investors to consumers.

Oil and fat industry of the Eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: growth reserves, economic potential

The aim is to study the trends and problems of development of the oil and fat industry of the East Kazakhstan region. Methods - statistical-economic in the study of phenomena and processes occurring in the oil-fat segment, calculative-constructive - to identify possible alternative directions of increasing the volume of production of the oil-fat subcomplex in the future, abstractlogical - to analyze the current situation in the oil-fat sector of the region, comparative - to compare the indicators of economic activity of this food industry by different criteria depending on the final objectives. Results - on the basis of statistical information and other official sources the questions concerning the produced agricultural products, their processing and the sphere of trade in finished goods were considered, at that, the final main product is edible and technical vegetable oils. Conclusions - detailed monitoring allowed to reveal the reasons restraining the expansion of the oil and fat industry in the region, in particular, limited provision of necessary raw materials, low percentage of utilization of production capacities of oil refineries, insufficient supply of high quality seeds. Measures to stabilize the output of oil and fat products have been proposed. These are, first of all, the use of innovative technologies in the production cycle, the formation and functioning of various integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex, which will increase the efficiency of enterprises and solve the issues of food security of the country. High-technology and equipment of advanced brands will significantly reduce the cost of processed products, and cooperation of producers with the support of service centers will make it possible to increase the sown areas of this oilseed crop. It is necessary to use innovative technologies, the implementation of which will contribute to the production of high-quality environmentally friendly food products that are in demand in domestic and foreign markets.

High-value multilayer graphene oxide prepared by catalytic pyrolysis of petroleum tar and applications: Trash to treasure

Petroleum tar (PT), a by-product of heavy oil refining, poses significant environmental challenges due to its high production volume and associated pollution risks. This study presents an innovative approach for the catalytic conversion of PT into multilayer graphene oxide using nickel foam (NiF) as a catalyst at reaction temperatures of 500 °C and 700 °C (GT/Ni500 and GT/Ni700). The process effectively decomposes PT and facilitates the structured rearrangement of carbon atoms into graphene layers. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including SEM-EDS, HRTEM, BET, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy, confirm the formation of high-quality graphene oxide. The synthesized GT/Ni700 material exhibits remarkable electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 3.34F/g. GT/Ni500 shows adsorption capacities of 59.86 mg/g for Pb2+ and 56.84 mg/g for Cu2+. Life Cycle Assessment reveals a substantial reduction in the carbon footprint, with CO2 equivalents for GT/Ni500 and GT/Ni700significantly lower than traditional methods, at 17.64 kg/CO2eq and 14.03 kg/CO2eq, respectively, representing a reduction of over 50 %. This study not only offers a sustainable pathway for PT utilization but also provides advanced materials with dual utility in electrochemical applications and heavy metal adsorption, contributing to environmental remediation and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources.

Optimization of human capital in the agrarian sphere: goals, principles and methods

Sufficient provision of agricultural enterprises with labor resources, their territorial and structural balance, rational use, high level of labor productivity are the key directions of effective functioning of agro-industrial complex, growth of production volumes and increase of its efficiency. Purpose - to analyze the criteria of human capital optimization in the agrarian sphere, to identify existing problems and to determine promising directions. Methods - the study used quantitative and qualitative analysis methods, including the collection and processing of statistical data, questionnaire survey of employees of the agrarian sector, as well as interviews with farm managers. Using the correlation and regression method, the influence of the studied factors on the optimization of labor activity was substantiated. Results - the article identifies the main issues of agricultural staffing, which consist in the decline in the professional qualification level of specialists, low staffing levels, outflow of able-bodied population from rural areas, loss of prestige of agricultural professions. Conclusions - this study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to the management of labor potential in agro-industrial production of the republic. The introduction of advanced training programs, improvement of working conditions and social infrastructure is the basis for sustainable development of the industry. It is also recommended to strengthen state support and stimulate the attraction of capital of domestic and foreign private investors and investment funds in rural regions to ensure stable activity of agricultural enterprises. It shows further prospects for increasing human resources to ensure the competitiveness of domestic agricultural producers and as the main driving element in the establishment of innovation economy and the expansion of globalization processes.