Volume Of Investment Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN INVESTMENTS THROUGH THE FUND MARKET

The article examines the meaning of the stock market and the definitions of local economists. Also, the practice of attracting foreign investments through the stock market has been analyzed. The dynamics of investments in securities and the composition of investors investing in sovereign Eurobonds of Uzbekistan were studied. The volume of investments in the US stock market was analyzed. Proposals and recommendations for attracting foreign investments through the stock market have been developed.

ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА НЕВИЗНАЧЕНІСТЬ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article highlights the problems of attracting foreign direct investment in the conditions of war and the postwar period, which should be defined for the country as a period of investment uncertainty. It was emphasized that for Ukraine, which actively attracts investments from abroad, such a situation leads to the loss of opportunities for economic development and deterioration of competitiveness and can also affect the general decrease in the rate of economic growth. The volume of investment in the national economy before the war had unstable dynamics, but with the beginning of the war, the fall in investment became critical. It was noted that political instability, economic turbulence, changes in government policy, geopolitical conflicts, technological changes, or natural disasters are among the causes of investment uncertainty. It was pointed out that the result of investment uncertainty may be the delay or rejection of the implementation of investment projects. It was determined that to overcome uncertainty in the investment sphere, it is necessary to develop effective strategies for attracting investments, which is currently the most difficult task. Most of the countries that are large exporters of foreign direct investments, such as the USA, Germany, Great Britain, Japan, and others, have already aided Ukraine since the beginning of the war, so further attracting investments and their involvement in the restoration of the national economy in the post-war period will be problematic. It was emphasized that when building investment strategies, the principal things are: understanding modern investment trends (for Ukraine, in this context, it is possible to attract investments per the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals); ensuring effective management of investment risks (insurance of direct foreign investment during wartime is especially relevant); transparency of government policy and regulatory measures, as well as the creation of a favorable business environment that will form the basis of investment stability and reliability

Investment trends in the development of the agricultural economy sector

The purpose of the study is to determine the development of investment trends in agricultural enterprises, assess the impact of external and internal factors on their activation, and justify the direction of increasing investment in the agricultural sector of Ukraine. It was established that the volume of investments in 2022 decreased compared to 2021 by 30%. As for the share of agricultural sector investments, the total amount was 12.11 % in Ukraine. The results of the study are that the investment trends of agricultural enterprises were analysed, and the factors that directly affect the amount of investment resources that are attracted to the agricultural sector of the economy of Ukraine were determined and evaluated. The increase of investment resources in agriculture has proven to depend on active measures to ensure business efficiency. Finding mechanisms for increasing the volume of investment resources will contribute to developing business processes at the sectoral and regional levels and strengthen their financial security. Indeed, agricultural enterprises that quickly provide a return on invested capital with the most significant profits are more attractive to investors. Considering this, the more promising thing for the Ukrainian economy is not the production of agricultural products but their processing.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ОТРАСЛИ И ЕЕ РОЛЬ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ СТРАНЫ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

The purpose of the study is to establish the impact of the transport sector on the country’s economy. The paper considers the dynamics of changes in the share of the transport industry in the national economy. A comparative analysis of the structure and level of development of the transport industry of the Russian Federation and China is carried out. The volume of investments in the transport sector of the economy and changes in tariffs for transport services are compared. Based on the conducted research, conclusions are drawn about the existence of a direct relationship between the results of the functioning of the transport industry and the indicators of the development of the Russian economy, an assessment of the level of provision of infrastructure facilities for various types of transport is given, the influence of investments in the transport sector on the price level is revealed. The results obtained allow us to identify the main directions of development of the transport system of the Russian Federation that can stimulate the growth of the country’s economy in modern conditions in the presence of sanctions.

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF INVESTMENTS ATTRACTION AS A CONDITION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANIES

The article offers a new solution to the scientific task – improvement of the already existing and development of the new provisions on economic assessment and regulation of the mechanisms on investments attraction to the company. In the course of the research, one improved the method of determining the viability of regulation of the mechanisms of the investments attraction to the enterprise; through the use of which, one can hold an analysis of the dependence of the bounding change in the volume of attracted investments for a certain mechanism on simultaneously the bounding change in duration and the cost of its use. The use of this method enables the possibility to determine whether the enterprise will be able to timely attract the planned volume of investments. The improved mathematical instrumentarium on determining the viability of regulation of the investments attraction mechanisms grounds on the formation of the power function of the dependence of the attracted investments volume on duration and cost of the investments attraction process. This function forms a figure in three-dimensional space, based on the volume change of which, it is possible to determine the dependence of the change in the volume of investments that the enterprise attracted on the cost of time and costs needed for the implementation of this process. The obtaining of power coefficients was carried out in two ways: the method of iterations and the method of achievements of Lagrange. The improved method of determining the viability of regulation of the investments attraction mechanisms can be used by employees of the analytical departments at the enterprises as well as by managers, maintaining investments activities. This method is implemented during the process of investments attraction and makes it possible, at early stages, to identify the shortcomings of the mechanisms, used by the recipient enterprise.

Перспективы угольной генерации

The article provides overview information on the state and problems of coal generation in Russia and the world. The main problem of coal energy is the environmental safety of the industry. Tightening environmental requirements for air purity from pollutants emitted by coal-fired thermal power plants has led to many countries beginning to abandon coal-fired generation in favor of alternative energy sources. The volume of investments in coal industry projects began to decline, and in a number of countries they planned to completely abandon it in the medium term. The prospect for the development of coal generation in Russia and the world is one of the most pressing topics for discussion, which has been repeatedly discussed on various information platforms, including in the international context. Experts from many countries in Russia and the world regularly present their researches on the importance of coal generation, coal reserves and energy consumption of coal fuel, and the environmental safety of the industry. The object of the study is the problems of coal generation in Russia and the world. The purpose of the work is to analyze and quantify the distribution of coal power generation capacity, assess the environmental problems associated with coal generation. The objective of the research is to obtain reliable information to assess the quantitative characteristics of energy consumption and environmental safety of the industry. The methods in the study consisted in analyzing information data from analytical agencies and publicly available materials. The results of analytical studies presented in the article indicate that in the near future, thermal energy will remain predominant in the energy balance of individual countries of the world. However, solving problems of environmental safety of fuel energy requires a centralized approach, significant financial investments and the creation of an appropriate regulatory framework.

Portfolio Optimization Strategy Based on Risk Diffusion Model in Emerging Industry Development

Abstract In this paper, we first sort out the formula of the premium principle and the algorithm of the diffusion model and then study the strategy problem about optimal investment consumption and insurance purchase when investors invest in new developing industries under the risk diffusion model. In real financial markets, there are two types of uncertainty regarding asset prices: normal fluctuations and abnormal shocks. The risk diffusion model is used to plan the optimal investment strategy based on this basis. In the end, three tests are executed, including two numerical simulations and one investment analysis that determines the investor’s age. The computational results show that the optimal strategy in the first set of simulations is the 56% increase in investment volume A(x) at the parameter σ = 0.1. The standard deviation of the investor’s objective in the second set of simulations is 9.287%, and the investor’s assets invested in risky securities should be 1.071. In the third set of tests, as the investor’s age increases, the value of the investor’s investment in risky assets continues to decline from 2.0 after 30 years, and by the time it reaches 40 years, it is already close to 0.25, and there is a continued decline, converging to 0. Investors can invest in providing effective reference data by investing in the portfolio optimization strategy in this paper, which predicts stock market volatility and vibration.

Інвестиції у відновлювальну енергетику: світові тренди та сучасні інструменти

Renewable energy has become one of the most attractive sectors for investment in the modern world. The increasing focus on environmental pollution and climate change, coupled with rapid technological advancements in this field, make it highly promising for businesses and investors. In this article, we will examine the major global trends in renewable energy investment and the modern tools that facilitate the development of this sector. One of the key trends is the growth in investment volumes in renewable energy. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), investments in renewable energy surpassed $300 billion in 2023, marking a record high. This increase in investment is driven by both government support programs and private investors who see high potential profitability in this sector. Another important trend is the expansion of investment geography in renewable energy. While previously the main markets were in Europe and North America, there is now active development in markets across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. This is due to both the overall growth in energy demand in these regions and political and economic strategies aimed at reducing dependence on coal and gas fuels. Today, there are several modern tools that facilitate investment in renewable energy. One of them is green bonds. These are special bonds issued by companies or governments, the proceeds of which are used exclusively for the development of renewable energy projects. Green bonds are becoming increasingly popular among investors who seek not only financial returns but also to contribute to sustainable development. Another tool is socially responsible investment funds, which specialize in investing in enterprises and projects related to sustainable development, including renewable energy. These funds are guided not only by financial criteria but also by environmental and social criteria, making them attractive to investors who aim to have a positive impact on society and the environment.

A Qualitative Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Maritime Silk Road in Europe: Who Benefits from the Initiative and Who Does Not

Abstract: China has traditionally been regarded as a continental power. However, the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR), launched in 2013, shapes China's intention to become a global maritime power. The initiative is the most significant contribution to increasing global maritime connectivity in recent decades. The volume and impact of Chinese investments in Europe's seaports are remarkable. This article proposes a fundamental framework to assess who benefits from the initiative. Since quantitative cost-benefit analyses (CBA) hardly apply to multifaceted and partially unquantifiable phenomena, we suggest assessing the MSR by means of a comprehensive qualitative CBA. We opted for a qualitative CBA due to ontological and epistemological reasons: on the one hand, the complex and multilayered nature of the problem is difficult to monetize, and, on the other hand, our argument is not final, as it attempts to assess a given policy before its implementation is sufficiently mature. In this vein, we apply the problem-solving methodology 'analytic hierarchy process'. While the media have disproportionately stressed the negative effects of the MSR, we conclude under this framework that (i) for China, MSR benefits largely outweigh associated costs; (ii) for participating countries, MSR benefits outweigh the associated costs only after cost-mitigating measures are incorporated; and (iii) for non-participating countries, MSR costs outweigh associated benefits.

СОСТОЯНИЕ ДОЛГОСРОЧНЫХ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ВЛОЖЕНИЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ В РОССИИ В 2022 ГОДУ

The purpose of this article is to analyze changes in long-term financial investments of organizations in Russia in 2022, when the Russian economy is passing the period of adaptation to new realities. The study of such changes was based on the currently accepted official statistical information using the methods of analysis and synthesis. The relevance of the studied indicator is conditioned by its role in the financing of enterprises in the process of redistributive relations. At the beginning of the study the historical perspective of changes in this indicator is given. According to the presented perspective of changes, a decrease in the volume of long-term financial investments of organizations in Russia in 2022 was revealed. This decrease in general terms is explained by three factors: redistribution of long-term investments into short-term ones, refusal from long-term investments and revaluation of long-term investments. The changes in the structure of short-term and long-term financial investments by individual objects of investments are analyzed. This analysis identified specific types of short-term investments that received reallocated funds from long-term investments. For the remaining two factors, hypotheses are proposed for their impact on the overall decline in the long-term financial investment indicator. It is concluded that the three factors presented are a manifestation of general economic uncertainty. The conclusions of the article present a forecast on the development of the situation with long-term financial investments of organizations in 2023, as well as highlight the positive aspects of the changes that have occurred.

MODERN ISSUES OF ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS TO THE REGIONS

The article examines the views of foreign and domestic economists-scientists on the theoretical and practical aspects of attracting foreign investments to the economy. The total volume of foreign direct investments and fixed capital investments in the regions has been analyzed. Also, the problems of attracting foreign investments to our country were identified and proposals and recommendations were developed to solve the problems.

МОЖЛИВОСТІ ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ СВІТОВОГО ДОСВІДУ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ НА РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РІВНІ

The article analyzes various approaches, ways, forms and methods of state support for investment activities used in global practice. At the same time, the generalization of the relevant experience was carried out in two directions: general approaches and practices regarding the activation and efficiency of investment activities, in particular in the conditions of the crisis state of the economy, its insufficient investment attractiveness and instability; a specific toolkit used in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of the national economy. The purpose of the study was to generalize the world experience of implementing state investment policy mechanisms and to identify opportunities for their implementation in Ukraine at the regional level. The leading provisions of the world experience regarding the formation and implementation of regional investment policy are defined, in particular in the aspects of the goal and objectives of the regional investment policy, its mechanisms and the expected results of their implementation, the system of tools for supporting and developing investment activity. The main quality and efficiency criteria of the regional investment policy are identified, namely the volume and specific characteristics of investments, as well as the rationality of their structure, financing and use. At the same time, two conditions should be considered basic: transparency of the competitive environment and state control over strategic enterprises, types of economic activity, and sectors. It has been established that a sufficiently extensive toolkit of regional investment policy has been developed through world experience. In particular, effective tools of regional investment policy in conditions of critical instability are: insurance of military risks, their diversification; using the possibilities of concession agreements; private-public investment in defense industry and industries / sectors of critical infrastructure; support of innovative technological startups in the spheres of security, the real sector of the economy, infrastructure; stimulation of investments in the field of preservation of human potential; support for investments in business projects of demobilized people, war veterans, etc. participants in hostilities; stimulating investments in the development of export potential to preserve the country’s financial security.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН, ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНА ПРИВАБЛИВІСТЬ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПОДАЛЬШОГО РОЗВИТКУ ГОТЕЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ В УКРАЇНІ

The purpose of the article is to diagnose the current state and determine the main trends in the development of the hotel and restaurant business in Ukraine, to assess the investment attractiveness of the hotel and restaurant business in the process of financing its development. Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022 threatened not only tourism in Ukraine, but also the international travel sector, which has just begun to recover from the losses caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The tourism sector, which began to confidently recover in January 2022, significantly narrowed the opportunities for full-scale growth as early as March 2022. Both inbound and outbound tourism in Ukraine are under threat. The hotel and restaurant business as a component of the tourism industry of the domestic economy was considered, the main trends of its development, the level of investment attractiveness and prospects for further development in Ukraine were determined. Ways to solve problems with the aim of transforming the hotel and restaurant business into a highly profitable branch of the domestic economy are proposed. Sources of funding for the further development of the country's hotel and restaurant business have been determined. The current state of investment activity in the hotel and restaurant sector is analyzed through a study of the volume of capital investments made in it. The development of the tourist business in Ukraine during the martial law, which even ensured an increase in tax revenues to the country's budget, was studied. It was determined that the hotel and restaurant business of Ukraine needs constant investments to maintain competitive positions on the market, increase the level of satisfaction of consumer demand for services that meet world standards in terms of assortment and quality. The analysis of statistical data shows a steady trend of reduction in infrastructural tourism resources, and therefore, the volume of services of this sector of the economy. Such a general and regional trend gives reason to talk about the need to introduce organizational and economic measures to intensify activity. Investigated potential investment opportunities of hotel and restaurant business enterprises. A complex of measures of state regulation and improvement of management of the industry is also proposed in order to activate the development of the hotel and restaurant business. The state influences the intensification of investment activity by developing the appropriate institutional base, without which the functioning of the investment sphere is impossible, namely, the organization of investment-oriented funds, the creation of a network of consulting firms, state scientific organizations, conducting scientific research, and establishing the work of small and medium-sized business training centers. It was determined that in modern conditions of operation, it is necessary to form and implement an investment policy for the development of the hotel and restaurant industry, which would include such important components as: mechanisms of state regulation of this industry; resource provision and preferential financing of development; organizational and functional support of management processes; informational and methodical support of the industry.

Assessing construction costs for agricultural facilities: organizational and technological strategies

The relevance of the study is caused by the complexity of calculations when determining the cost for construction of agricultural facilities due to the multi-parameter system, which includes volume, structure, areas and objects of investment. Ensuring the effectiveness of capital investments through the use and implementation of advanced and latest solutions, technologies and other conditions of the investor in relation to the level of technical equipment and quality of the facility will allow obtaining a competitive facility and a profitable result. As a result of the study, the theoretical foundations of managing the cost of an investment and construction project were studied, an analysis of management methods and practical recommendations for justifying the cost of an investment and construction project were carried out in order to develop recommendations for cost reduction. The methodological basis of the study is: system analysis, methods of expert assessment, comparisons, analogies, analysis of absolute and relative indicators and others. To solve the problems, a combination of general scientific methods such as scientific observation, comparison, measurement, abstraction, modeling, induction and deduction, historical method, abstractions and concretizations, alongside specific methods including economic-statistical, analytical-calculation, functional-cost, and expert approaches were used. The practical significance of the work carried out is the development of a method for assessing cost management of an investment and construction project. The developed method has all the prerequisites for successful application in the real activities of the organization under study.

АНТИКРИЗОВІ СЦЕНАРІЇ МІЖГАЛУЗЕВОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ ПЕРЕРОБНО-ХАРЧОВИХ АГРОХОЛДИНГІВ В ЦІЛІСНІЙ СИСТЕМІ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ВІДНОСИН З АГРАРНИМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАМИ

The article contains the theoretical and methodological principles of developing anti-crisis scenarios of intersectoral interaction of agricultural market participants to minimize the impact of production risks of agricultural enterprises, transformation of indicators of the production and technological cycle and neutralization of the crisis level of competitiveness of processing industry enterprises. The density curves of the distribution of the probability of accidental losses were constructed; a risk zone is determined for an in-depth interval assessment of minimization of the crisis of agricultural holdings. Meat-processing agricultural holdings are singled out and the multi-vector nature of changes by types of production-technological cycle is determined based on the results of a multi-level diagnosis of the crisis of competitiveness of meat-processing agricultural holdings in the integral system of economic relations with agricultural enterprises. Poly-vector changes in the level of the crisis of the competitiveness of meat-processing agroholdings according to the integral indicator of ensuring the production and technological cycle in the time interval of 2021–2023 have been determined (without taking into account the amount of financial support from private investors and taking into account capitalized profit and state preferential lending). Empirical dependencies of variable indicators of insurance of the production and technological cycle of domestic meat processing agroholdings in the approximation of actuarial calculations are substantiated. Anti-crisis scenarios of cross-industry interaction of meat-processing agricultural holdings in an integrated system of economic relations with agricultural enterprises to neutralize crisis factors of competitiveness for 2024–2028 are proposed. It was concluded that the level of competitiveness of agroholdings depends on dynamic development, which is influenced by indices of agricultural raw materials, price indices for by-products and their processing products, preferential credit rates, volumes of private investments, state material assistance and the level of insurance payments.

Економічні умови розвитку економіки вражень у країнах світу та в Україні

The article examines the main economic conditions for the use and development of the economy of impressions in the countries of the world on the basis of the dynamics of official values of statistical indicators for 2018–2022: GDP per capita, according to which clustering of countries is carried out and clusters with low (in which Ukraine has fallen), medium and high values of this indicator are identified; the ratio of trade volumes (the amount of exports and imports) to GDP; the volume of foreign direct investment, and the unemployment rate. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that in developed countries the economy of impressions has more favorable conditions for its development, while in Ukraine it is a necessary model for the post-war reproduction of socioeconomic relations, though the conditions for its development are complicated. Taking into account the above trends, the aim of the article is to identify the main economic conditions for the development of the economy of impressions in the countries of the world and in Ukraine and to formulate proposals for its spread in order to increase the activity of enterprises in the formation of added value and profit to improve the quality of life of the population in the post-war period. The economy of impressions develops when there is a sufficient level of competition between producers to make decisions about the purchase of products in their favor. Therefore, the article analyzes the index of global competitiveness of countries for 2022 and 2023, identifying the low place of Ukraine in this indicator, which can be increased on the basis of the development of institutional measures to improve the competitiveness of producers. The features of the formation of positive impressions are considered and conclusions are made about the need to increase their value in the price of products. The main conclusions of the article are as follows. The current stage of development of the world economic system is characterized by the emergence of new models of economic relations, which is associated with the globalization of economic flows, easier entry into foreign markets. One of the perspective models of world economic relations is the economy of impressions. The developed countries of the world have a more powerful potential for the development of the economy of impressions, while they need its development more due to the intensification of competition between national producers. In Ukraine, the socioeconomic situation before the war was quite favorable for the development of the economy of impressions, but still it was inferior to the developed countries of the world. As a result of the ongoing war, the situation has deteriorated significantly, therefore, in the period of post-war recovery, one of the national priorities should be the development of the economy of impressions as the most attractive model for intensifying economic and social relations, innovative development, and improving the quality of life of the population.

ФАКТОРИ РОЗВИТКУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОЇ ПРИВАБЛИВОСТІ ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ СФЕРИ КРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the definition and systematization of factors of influence and development on the investment attractiveness of the tourism and recreation industry. The insufficient level of information support reduces the interest of investors in financing tourism in Ukraine. The available information does not fully reflect the development of the industry, which does not stimulate investors. Despite the created legislative framework, complex procedures for harmonizing documents create barriers for investors. Investments are concentrated in the western and southern regions, where tourism is a priority. Economic justification, profitability calculations, payback period and business plan are required to attract investments. The formation of a favorable investment climate requires complex measures to improve the conditions of investors' activity and expand the mechanisms of investment projects. A system of influencing factors on the investment attractiveness of the country's tourism sphere is proposed, including factors reflecting the general state of the country's economy and its social stability; indicators that determine the degree of development and organization of tourist services; factors including assessment of physical infrastructure necessary for tourism development; availability of tourist resources; indicators including the total volume and dynamics of investments in the tourism sphere; factors that determine the legislative and regulatory framework that regulates tourist activity. A set of internal and external factors of investment attractiveness of the tourism and recreation industry is substantiated. Where among the domestic staffing of the tourism and recreation industry; availability of cross-border cooperation in the field of tourism and recreation with neighboring states; the level of technological equipment and the level of expenses and socio-economic indicators of the state's development. External ones include: the political and economic situation in the state; investment attractiveness of the state; guarantees of inviolability of investments; natural resource; and the cultural and historical potential of the state. Taking into account these factors will help to develop effective strategies for attracting investments and developing tourism infrastructure, which will contribute to the overall economic growth of the country.

Механизмы зрелости регионального инвестиционного стандарта как фактор повышения инвестиционной активности территорий Российской Федерации

The research relevance is determined by the need to assess the potential of transformations in the activities of public authorities to attract investment in regions and municipalities. The article considers the processes of dynamic changes in the mechanism of the regional investment standard, determined by the investment needs of the country's regions and implemented in the form of elements of fine-tuning the current mechanism. The authors determine the results of the implementation of the second-generation regional investment standard and identify the reserves for the development of its tools, substantiate the processes of transformation and maturity which meet modern macroeconomic challenges and priority goals of economic growth. The maturity mechanisms of the third-generation regional investment standard are briefly characterized. The correlation of new elements of regional and municipal investment standards is determined. The problem field of interfacing these mechanisms in the process of their implementation is outlined. At the stage of unification of elements of the municipal investment standard and coordination of actions of regions and municipalities to increase investment activity, generalization of regional experience in order to identify successful practices for their further replication is of practical interest. The conditions of applicability of the regional investment standard maturity mechanisms for increasing the investment activity of territories are: unification of approaches to the implementation of elements of the municipal investment standard; interfacing of elements of regional and municipal investment standards in order to create conditions for the implementation of proactive investment strategy of municipalities; generalization and replication of successful practices of territories on the integration of the municipal standard in the system of regional investment policy. The results of implementing the regional investment standard should be: the dynamics and structure of investments (growth of the volume of investments); increase (taking into account possible expansion) of the number of investors; growth of the degree of trust and satisfaction of business with actions of the authorities.

Analytical assessment of the machinery use efficiency in the technology of crop products production

The crop growing industry focuses, first of all, on highly productive and efficient machinery that meets all modern requirements of agricultural production. This machinery can significantly increase the productivity of agricultural labor and create comfortable working conditions. Digital transformation and digitalization of crop production requires introducing highly intelligent machinery and technologies for crop cultivation into the agro-industrial complex, which, in turn, necessitates requirements for the growth of intellectual abilities of agricultural workers. The current prices for modern machinery and technologies are very high; for many enterprises it is not possible to purchase them, therefore the relevance of state support from federal sources is very necessary. There is a negative trend in the numerical reduction of machinery in the region under study, as a result of which there is an increase in the specific load per unit of machinery, and that leads to accelerated wear. As a result, production volumes in crop growing are being reduced. Calculations show that the degree of exploitation of the combine harvester fleet in the region is slightly higher than that of the tractor fleet, so these trends should be taken into account in the process of planning the volume of investments for their acquisition.

Управление устойчивым развитием предприятия с использованием инструментов социального инвестирования и «зелёных» финансов при реализации концепции социально-этического маркетинга

This work examines the implementation by commercial enterprises and organizations of the concept of sustainable development, which is so relevant at present, with the help of such innovative financial instruments as “green” financing and social investment; the possibility and effectiveness of their use in the practice of managing a commercial organization is substantiated. The purpose of the presented research is to determine the possibility and economic feasibility of using such financial instruments as “green” finance and social investment in the practice of managing a commercial organization. The object of the study is the EFKO group of companies (RF, Belgorod region) – one of the largest food companies in the Russian Federation, the subject is “green” finance and social investments as innovative financial instruments that ensure the sustainable development of a commercial organization and an indicator of its effective management. According to the results of the study, it was established that for 30 years the company under study has been carrying out effective commercial activities, while carrying out active social investment, the object of which is both the internal environment of the organization (personnel, internal infrastructure, etc.) and the external environment (active environmental management, development territories, charity, etc.), ensuring the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. At the same time, it has been established that against the backdrop of an increase in the volume of investments for the implementation of social goals and objectives, there is a positive trend in the main indicators of economic activity and basic financial indicators. The forecast of the main performance indicators of the Group of Companies also allows us to draw a conclusion about the feasibility of implementing social investment, in general, and “green” financing, in particular, since against the backdrop of growing investments in their implementation, the forecast is positive. Undoubtedly, the practice of “green” financing and social investment is a tool for creating and maintaining a positive image and business reputation of the company, which is confirmed by the high results of an independent rating assessment, which has a positive effect on the investment attractiveness of the company and its competitiveness, and allows for a permanent increase in operational efficiency.