Volume Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

Agricultural product harvest equilibrium with transportation bottleneck and random disasters

The decentralized planting practices of farmers often result in non-cooperative harvesting and transportation of agricultural products. The high concentration of harvesting demand can cause transportation and processing bottlenecks, resulting in queuing congestion in planting, which in turn affects farmers’ decisions on harvest timing. Thus, the fully competed decision-making process leads to a game equilibrium. To solve this harvest equilibrium problem, a nonlinear equation model with transportation bottleneck capacity constraints is developed. Assumptions to be made are that the value of the pre-harvest product is a non-negative continuously differentiable strictly concave function about the harvest time, and that post-harvest losses are a linear increasing function of queuing time. Subsequently, the model is further extended to incorporate the effects of random natural disasters. Additionally, this paper derives optimal harvest schedules for comparison. A numerical example is used to analyze how the related parameters and the probability of disasters influence farmers’ harvest decisions and the unit benefits of agricultural produce. The analysis results show that a larger total volume of agricultural products prompts earlier harvesting and reduces unit benefits in both equilibrium and optimal harvesting scenarios. Expanding bottleneck capacity allows farmers to harvest closer to the optimal time and increases unit benefits, although the marginal increase diminishes at the margin as bottleneck capacity increases. Increasing the queuing penalty within a range leads to an earlier harvest and reduces the unit benefits in equilibrium and optimality until a critical value is reached, beyond which it has no effect. A higher probability of natural disasters will incentivize farmers to harvest earlier, which in turn will reduce unit benefits.

Роль малых предприятий в аграрной экономике: оценка вклада в сельскохозяйственное производство

Small businesses and peasant (farm) households play a key role in agricultural production in Russia, making a significant contribution to the development of the agricultural sector. The relevance of this study is due to the need to analyze the contribution of small enterprises to the total volume of agricultural production and assess their impact on the country's economy. The purpose of the article is to study the role of small enterprises and farms in the agricultural economy of Russia based on data on the share of small enterprises in agricultural production and the main indicators of farmers' activities. The hypothesis of the study is that small enterprises play an important role in the production of crop products, but their contribution to livestock farming remains relatively small. The conducted data analysis showed that small enterprises provide a significant part of the production of grain and oilseeds, but their share in the livestock sector is small. In addition, farms demonstrate steady growth in crop production, especially in the production of grain and oilseeds. The conclusions of the article highlight the importance of further development of small businesses and farms through improved access to financial resources, government support and the introduction of innovative technologies to increase their competitiveness and sustainable growth in the agricultural economy.

Digital economy and China's agricultural exports: based on trade cost and market competition effect

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the effect and mechanism of the digital economy’s influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of the digital economy’s influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports, this study empirically examines the effect and mechanism of the digital economy’s influence on the binary margin of agricultural exports based on China’s customs export data from 2011 to 2016.FindingsThe relevant findings are threefold. (1) The digital economy significantly improves the binary margin of agricultural exports, and its effect on the intensive margin is stronger than that on the expansive margin. After the expansive margin is subdivided, the effects on the three sub-variables of the expansive margin are in the following order: old products exported to new markets > new products exported to old markets > new products exported to new markets. (2) The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the digital economy has a stronger role in promoting the binary margin of exports for enterprises in the eastern region, high-income countries as the destination of exports and state-owned enterprises. (3) Mechanism analysis shows that the digital economy promotes the binary margin of agricultural exports by reducing trade costs and intensifying market competition.Originality/valueFirst, in terms of research perspective, although there are some studies on the impact of the digital economy on export trade in existing literature, the research objects mainly focus on manufacturing enterprises. In fact, agricultural trade is susceptible to natural conditions and seasonal factors, and countries may impose more SPS measures and TBT measures on agricultural trade due to risk considerations. The relationship between the digital economy and agricultural trade also has its own characteristics, but there are few research studies in this area. At present, only Liu and Gao (2022), based on the data of total imports and exports of different agricultural products from 2004 to 2018, have established a vector auto-regressive model to empirically analyse the heterogeneous dynamic impact of the digital economy on the trade volume of agricultural products. In addition, Ma and Guo (2023) conducted an empirical test on the total effect, regional heterogeneity and threshold effect of the digital economy on agricultural export trade based on China’s provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020. Therefore, under the new circumstances of continuous integration of digital technology and agriculture, this study interprets the impact effect and mechanism of the digital economy on the binary margin of agricultural exports from the perspective of the digital economy, providing new research perspectives and approaches for promoting the growth of agricultural exports. Second, in terms of theoretical analysis, the above studies have not been fully analysed in terms of the specific mechanism of the impact of the digital economy on agricultural exports. Based on the positive and negative characteristics of agricultural trade, this study introduces two kinds of roles into the theoretical analysis framework to comprehensively determine the trade impact effect of the digital economy. Third, in terms of research design, this study empirically examines the impact of the digital economy on the binary margin of agricultural products, passing a series of robustness tests and investigating the mediating roles of trade cost and market competition effects, producing an empirical basis for China to leverage the digital economy to promote the binary margin of agricultural exports.

Траектория развития агропромышленного комплекса Пензенской области в современных экономических условиях

The article presents the results of the analysis of the main indicators characterizing the efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Penza region, including the volume of agricultural pro-duction, yield indicators and acreage volumes for leading agricultural crops, as well as production volumes in the livestock sector. A critical analysis of the activities of business entities in the agricultural sector al-lowed us to identify the factors hindering the development of the agro-industrial complex in the region and identify ways to solve problems in the industry.

Cooperation of small and medium in agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The process of uniting small and medium-sized businesses in the agro-industrial complex into agricultural cooperatives is very relevant for the Republic of Kazakhstan, given the small-scale nature of agricultural production and the high share of households in the total volume of agricultural production. gross agricultural output and, accordingly, low labor productivity in agriculture. The purpose of the study is to study the development of agricultural cooperation in Kazakhstan and identify problems hindering the development of the cooperative movement, and suggest directions for further development in the field of cooperation in the country. To study processes and phenomena in the field of organizational and economic relations, various methods were used, such as analysis and synthesis, the use of systematic and logical approaches to the study of trends in the development of agricultural cooperation. The essence of the efficiency of cooperative formations functioning is formulated. The world and domestic experience of agricultural cooperation development has been studied, which allowed to identify the main prerequisites for the development of small and medium-sized business in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article presents existing problems that impede their development, and in conclusion, the authors offer recommendations on measures of state regulation and support for the development of agricultural cooperation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is necessary, first of all, to direct efforts to the development of production cooperation of small and medium-sized farms, which have the opportunity to organize joint production of agricultural products, use of land resources, agricultural machinery, and introduce advanced growing technologies. agricultural products in order to preserve the fertility of agricultural land and use a unified scientifically based crop rotation system. All this will ultimately increase the volume of agricultural production, animal productivity, increase crop yields and labor productivity.

Application of marketing tools in agricultural land market

Goal – the issues of development of agricultural land market are considered, since this specific type of operation with land plots requires the use of marketing tools that are more adapted to modern conditions. Methods – during the research, comparative method was used, on the basis of which the state of agricultural land was analyzed using the example of the Akmola region; statistical – based on the use of statistical data on supply and demand for land for agriculture. Results – it was determined that formation and expansion of the land market is one of the most important directions of land policy in Kazakhstan. It has been revealed that land resources occupy a special place in the system of socio-economic categories. An analysis of agricultural lands was carried out, which is associated with their special significance as the most important production potential in agricultural sector. Marketing concepts– as one of the ways to develop land market are shown. It is substantiated that the main type of payment for land is currently rent, since the bulk of agricultural land (98%) is leased. Conclusions – the main provisions obtained during the study can be used as information and analytical material for developing a methodology for calculating rental payments by determining criteria for improving the consumer properties of agricultural land. The pricing process requires new approaches, in particular, the existing methodology for calculating rent on agricultural land is outdated and needs to be improved, which will help stabilize and expand the volume of agricultural production, increase the intensity and efficiency of management.

The contribution of historical agricultural practices and forms of life activity to the formation of modern rural society and their role in this process

The pattern of changes in forms of life activity in rural areas, due to the formation of a new way of life and collective employment, has been identified. Factors influencing this process have been studied. Basic agricultural practices as a set of techniques and methods aimed at obtaining agricultural products, through which the essence of the relationship of man to the land and animals are expressed by type in crop and livestock production, are systematized. Their content and main characteristics are revealed, improvement factors in order to increase the volume of agricultural production are identified.

Exploring the characteristics and drivers of virtual cropland trade of major agricultural products in China

The trade volume of agricultural products can be used to measure the global flow of virtual cropland. This paper measures the virtual cropland contained in 68 major agricultural products in China, analyzes the changes in China's virtual cropland from 2001 to 2020, and examines the main import and export agricultural product categories of virtual cropland and the main trading countries of virtual cropland. Meanwhile, according to the LMDI model, the driving factors of virtual cropland trade are categorized into five effects, and the driving factors of virtual cropland trade are discussed in depth. The main findings are as follows: the net value of virtual cropland trade is growing rapidly, the import of legume crops is the main source of the net value of virtual cropland trade, and the virtual cropland importing countries are dominated by European and American countries, and the exporting countries are dominated by Asian countries. As for the driving factors, the quality effect and the structural effect play a dampening effect on the net imports of virtual cropland, however, the dampening effect is relatively weak and cannot offset the promotion brought by the other effects. The economic effect is the main driver of virtual net imports of cropland, and the amount of trade in agricultural products also has an important role in promoting virtual imports of cropland, while the demand effect is not significant. It is suggested that China should correctly formulate reasonable cropland management policies and trade strategies, optimize the structure of virtual cropland trade, guarantee national food security and promote sustainable development.

ФАКТОРЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ЭКСПОРТНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ

One of the most important strategic directions of the state is the growth of the volume of agricultural products and food and the formation of a national export policy. Currently, the development of export activities in the agricultural sector of the economy is becoming one of the conditions for increasing the level of sustainability and stability of its economic growth. This is due to the fact that food around the world is an indicator of wellbeing, regardless of nation. Food is becoming practically the main strategic product. It, regardless of the socio-economic development of the state, becomes an effective means of confrontation between countries. It should be noted that the main role in the world market for food and agricultural raw materials is played by economically developed countries, which solve the food problem in their own interests. At the same time, despite the great agrarian potential, the competitive advantages of the state are manifested, as a rule, in the raw materials market of agri-food products, which becomes one of the main obstacles to the development of exports of agricultural products of any state. In addition, the low level of competitiveness of agricultural raw materials reduces the efficiency of their export supplies. A high level of competitiveness of agricultural products, raw materials and food can be achieved both by stimulating exports and through technical and technological modernization of agroindustrial products. It is also necessary to develop an export infrastructure, the task of which is to promote domestic products to the foreign market of agricultural products, raw materials and food. It is possible to increase the production of highly competitive, high-quality products intended for export only if there is an effective national export policy, which should be based on factors influencing the strategic directions of export of agri-food products.

The development of grain farming as one of the conditions for the scale of agricultural production in the regions of the country

Agricultural production in Russia exhibits disparities across various levels of development, largely influenced by diverse natural and economic potentials across regions. Certain areas stand out as agro- developed regions, where the volume of agricultural production significantly deviates from the national average. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between the performance of grain farming and the overall scale of agricultural production. It is hypothesized that grain farming, with its high multiplicative capacity, plays a pivotal role in fostering the growth of interconnected agricultural sectors. Thus, the more efficient grain farming is, the greater the overall impact on regional agriculture. Statistical techniques such as grouping, correlation, and regression analysis were employed for analysis. The grouping exercise resulted in the formation of five distinct groups comprising agro-developed regions. These groups were compared based on absolute and average indicators of agricultural production and grain farming performance. The analysis underscores the significance of grain farming as a foundational element of agriculture in these regions, revealing a strong correlation between gross grain harvests and the overall scale of agricultural production. Consequently, the study concludes that there is a pressing need for further development of grain farming, tailored to regional characteristics, and emphasizing the effective implementation of intensification strategies. Currently, the export of grain serves as a crucial stimulus for boosting grain yields. However, it is imperative to maintain the competitiveness of the product amidst global markets. Thus, the study advocates for a balanced approach that considers both regional nuances and market competitiveness to sustainably drive the growth of grain farming and agricultural production in Russia.

Problems of ensuring the economic security of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of the legal regime of the martial law

Purpose. Consideration of the problems of ensuring economic security and stability of the functioning of economic entities of the agrarian sector in Ukraine in the conditions of martial law, as well as determining the prospects for the development of their activities in the post-war period. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is scientific concepts, theoretical developments of leading scientists on the issues of economic security of economic entities. General scientific and special research methods were used to achieve the set goal: observation, analysis and synthesis, a comprehensive approach – in the generalization and improvement of the main theoretical provisions and methodical principles of economic security; system approach – when studying the features of the system of development of management measures that ensure reduction of the negative impact of risks caused by threats to economic security. Findings. The importance of ensuring the economic security and stability of the economic activity of agricultural enterprises has been actualized during crisis situations in the economy of Ukraine, in particular, the conditions of their activity under the legal regime of martial law. Under the existing situation, it is important to ensure the stability of the agricultural sector and its ability to develop and increase the volume of agricultural production, regardless of changes in external or internal factors that may negatively affect the country's economy. Originality. The main problems of ensuring the economic security and stability of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the conditions of martial law are substantiated, and the prerogatives of the development of their activities in the post-war period are determined. Practical value. The developed recommendations on the identification of threats to the economic security of economic entities will allow creating conditions for identifying real and forecasting potential economic threats in the activities of agricultural enterprises, finding ways to level their consequences, developing and implementing management measures that ensure the sustainable development of agricultural formations.

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ РЕМОНТА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ ДЕТАЛЕЙ МАШИН В АПК

The volume of agricultural products depends on the technical readiness of equipment, repair and maintenance facilities. The emergence of new technologies can change the very process of organizing repairs. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing in historical perspective the mutual relationship of the fleet of machines, the organization and technology of repair and restoration of parts of agricultural machinery. (Materials and methods) Used statistical data, scientific papers of researchers, authors' own observations. We applied the general scientific method, analysis, generalization, synthesis, etc. (Results and discussion) The paper notes the presence during the planned economy of a large fleet of the same type of machines in agriculture, which required constant repair impacts, contributed to the creation of an appropriate repair and maintenance base. It was pointed out that in 1986 184 repair plants were built, 2106 district repair and technical enterprises, including 818 specialized and 1288 general purpose workshops, technical exchange offices, repair shops for worn parts, etc.). The possibility of directive instructions was provided by the mass collection of the same type of parts, which made it possible to apply appropriate technologies on production-mechanized lines, reduce the cost of restoring parts: the organization of repair determined the technology. It has been shown that in a market economy, the equipment nomenclature has decreased, the number of brands has increased, repairs have moved from specialized to agricultural organizations and are mainly reduced to replacing worn-out parts with new ones. At the same time, additive technologies have appeared that do not require reconfiguration of equipment when changing the nomenclature of recoverable parts. (Conclusions) Additive technologies can transform sectoral repairs into intersectoral repairs, which will increase equipment utilization and improve economic performance.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF UKRAINE

Introduction. One of the urgent tasks of the agrarian sector of Ukraine is the transition to the innovative way of development of corporate sector farms. The wide implementation of innovations in all areas of production and economic activity of agricultural enterprises contributes to the growth of labour productivity, the saving of various types of resources, the reduction of costs and the reduction of the cost price of agricultural products, the increase of volumes and the improvement of the efficiency of its production as a whole. Methods. A logical and dialectical approach was used to solve the tasks in the process of scientific research, as well as such methods of scientific knowledge as: observation, comparison and abstraction, methods of decomposition, analysis and synthesis. Results. The main directions of ensuring the sustainable innovative development of corporate sector farms in the post-war period of the revival of the agrarian economy are revealed, which involve the introduction of an innovative concept of the development of agricultural technologies, which consists in reducing the energy and resource intensity of technological operations, biologizing agriculture, optimizing the terms of execution of a strategic complex of operations, ensuring the environmental friendliness of production. Discussion. The post-war period of the revival of the corporate sector of the agrarian economy will require a review of the main directions of innovative activity, which involves ensuring the improvement of the efficiency of production and economic activity by increasing the volume of agricultural production while ensuring its high quality while simultaneously observing the principles of sustainable development of rural areas. Keywords: innovations, agricultural enterprise, sustainable development, innovative concept, rural areas

Quantifying systemic and idiosyncratic risks in agriculture: A study of Kazakhstan's grain production volatility

This article aims to propose a method for quantifying the impact of idiosyncratic and systemic risks on agricultural production volatility and to develop techniques and procedures for calculating the number of losses due to systemic risks. The analysis is based on grain yield and price data adjusted for inflation, trends, and acreage in the northern grain-producing region of Kazakhstan from 2005 to 2017. This study presents a method for determining the proportion of systemic and idiosyncratic risk in variations in agricultural production volume. Using a method based on the beta factor can significantly reduce subjectivism and prevent exploitation when assessing and compensating farmers for damages resulting from adverse natural phenomena. The authors believe this is the first study to examine the impact of systemic and idiosyncratic risks on the volatility of production volumes in the grain industry under specific economic conditions in emerging markets.

COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND CHANGES IN THE SIZE AND STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN POLAND

The aim of the article is to present the changes that have occurred in agricultural production during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the research were the changes in household expenses, food exports and imports, purchases and the volume of agricultural production. The study covers the years 2017-2021, of which the years 2020-2021 constitute the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on GDP, the size and structure of household consumption, exports and imports of food, purchase of agricultural products and agricultural production, as well as prices of food products come from the Central Statistical Office. The study analyzed the structure and dynamics of selected values characterizing households and the agri-food sector. The results obtained indicate that changes in the functioning of the economy, as well as sanitary and administrative restrictions imposed on society during the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to an increase in the volume and value of agricultural production and to a change in its product structure. The greater beneficiary of this crisis situation was plant production, where the level of demand from households was relatively consistent with the intensity of the pandemic. However, a negative effect of the pandemic was an increase in the risk of conducting agricultural activities. Changes in consumer preferences related to changes in the severity of the effects of the pandemic and sanitary restrictions on the trade in food products have reduced the level of stability in running farms and exposed them to potential losses resulting from, among others, the inability to sell the produced production.

Classification of Russian Regions by the Level of Agricultural Development in 2019–2021

The urgency of improving mathematical and statistical tools for analyzing agricultural complex across the territories of our country depends on the gravity of the issue of interregional differentiation of the scale of development of agricultural production, which plays a crucial role in the implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation.The introductory part of the article presents an overview of the literature on food security issues, an analysis of the current state of domestic agriculture, and directions for its development. The body of the article explains the research methodology, which allows to classify, first andforemost, agricultural regions (indicating their territorial location, socio-economic characteristics, and predictive characteristics). As an indicator of the intensity of agricultural development in the regions, the authors used the volume of agricultural production per capita, which became a criterion for selecting 25% of the regions with the maximum values of this indicator. That said, by an agro-region (or agricultural region) is meant a region that produces more agricultural production than needed and exports its surplus outside the region or country (food exports). In the multidimensional classification of agro-regions, three clusters are determined (according to the level of socio-economic development, the development efficiency of the economic activity «Agriculture, forestry, hunting, and fishing», and the volume of crop and livestock production). The paper analyses the dynamics and predictive characteristics of the development of the cluster-average volume of agricultural production per capita (including crop production and animal husbandry). An analysis of the dynamics of exports of food products and agricultural raw materials per capita by clusters revealed that the regions of the first cluster are the most actively developing, and the regions of the third cluster (with the most developed animal husbandry) are oriented towards domestic consumers.According to the authors, during the analyzed period in Russia, there was a positive trend in the development of agriculture, with the development of agro-regions outpacing all-Russian trends. The highest development rates are typical for agro-regions with a balanced development of crop and livestock production (regions of the first cluster).

THE CONTACTLESS DIAGNOSTICS TO DETERMINE THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OF HIGH-ENERGY AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY

he paper revealed the possibilities of using contactless diagnostics to obtain digital data obtained over the local network of tractor CAN bus controllers. (Research purpose) The research purpose is analyzing of the nomenclature of indicators of the operational and technical characteristics of the internal combustion engine of tractor equipment and creating modern technologies for diagnostics and control of the technical condition of tractor equipment. (Materials and methods) It was noted that the diagnosis of energy-saturated agricultural machinery (tractors, combines), carried out using external and built-in controls, allows you to determine the technical condition of internal combustion engines without disassembly, predict the service life of their parts, actually manage the technical condition of the engine of the machine. It has been shown that the engineering service of the agro-industrial complex pays great attention to technical diagnostics related to the prevention of failures of the most important components and aggregates of energy-saturated agricultural machinery. It was determined that the performance of these operations has a positive effect on the timing of agricultural work, obtaining an additional volume of agricultural products. For each diagnosed machine (tractor), normative indicators of serviceability (operability) during operation, maintenance and repair must be established. (Results and discussion) It was revealed that the use of contactless diagnostics provides timely detection and elimination of significant malfunctions in the power or ignition systems of engines, transmission units or chassis, improves fuel and economic indicators by 5-10 percent, engine power by 2-3 times, improves environmental performance, increases the safety of machine operation. (Conclusions) In the course of the conducted research, the functionality of diagnostic devices with advanced information collection capabilities – a universal USB CAN bus adapter-was determined.

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ ВЛОЖЕНИЙ В ОБНОВЛЕНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ

The results and efficiency of agricultural production largely depend on the availability of enterprises with working and modern agricultural machinery and equipment, the renewal of which is associated with large amounts of capital investments, therefore, most manufacturers, as a rule, need co-financing of these costs from the state. State support for the renewal of agricultural machinery at the level of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, expressed in the provision of subsidies for its manufacture, overhaul or purchase, on the one hand acts as a gratuitous source of financing for investments in machinery and serves as a tool to stimulate its timely renewal by enterprises. On the other hand, budget expenditures must be efficient and selective in order to achieve the key long-term goals of the state, which are to increase the volume of agricultural production, increase the efficiency and financial viability of producers, increase incomes, and attractive working conditions and life of the rural population. In accordance with the key goals of the state, we propose to evaluate the effectiveness of budget financing for the renewal of agricultural machinery in the context of three groups of indicators (criteria): economic, social and those that ensure efficiency. On the basis of well-known special methods (accounting method, financial-mathematical method, methods of integrated assessment) for evaluating the effectiveness, the authors of the article developed and substantiated methodological tools for assessing the static and dynamic efficiency of budget expenditures for the renewal of agricultural machinery. One of the main problems in the practical implementation of the methodology is the lack of accounting and analytical information due to the lack of all indicators required by the methodology in the system of reporting data of agricultural producers. The research materials presented in the work can be used by public authorities, investors and agricultural producers to assess the effectiveness of the use of financial resources invested in real assets of the agricultural sector.

Forecast of a qualitative renewal of the active part of fixed assets in agro-industrial complex

The renewal of fixed assets means the process of replacing obsolete means of labor with new, most perfect and modernized ones. In market economy and fierce competition between various manufacturers, one of the most important factors in increasing the profitability of production and economic activities of enterprises is the provision of their produced assets in the required quantity. Only with a good technical condition of production base, timely technical and technological re-equipment of production processes of economic entities, it is possible to have their stable growth. The goal is to analyze the theoretical and practical aspects of restoring the active part of the fixed production assets (hereinafter referred to as APFA) in crop production of the republic on the basis of economic and mathematical modeling. Methods – economic-mathematical, statistical, comparison, analysis and synthesis. Results – methodological provisions for the effective management of APFA are proposed. A system of standards was built and implemented, substantiating the indicators of economic efficiency of production (hereinafter referred to as IEEP). The main directions, tendencies and regularities of reproduction of the active part of fixed production assets are investigated. The criteria for the implementation of the method of planning and forecasting the pace of their reconstruction are shown. The set of normative IEEP is oriented to be used as a tool for decision-making by the country's authorities, allows to increase the volume of agricultural production over the forecast period (20 years). The calculation of the ratios of the shares of the APFA in the base and prospective periods, their productivity for five-year plans in the future, a comparison of the need for domestic investment by the state and the investment investments of large associations in the optimal mode of their recovery are presented. Conclusions – the ratio of active and passive parts is of great interest, since the capital productivity, capital profitability and financial condition of enterprises largely depend on their optimal combination. When analyzing the qualitative state of the active part of fixed assets, the completeness and timeliness of scheduled preventive repairs, their compliance with technical characteristics and operating conditions are checked.

Current state of the land resources of Sumy region: problems and priority directions of their protection

Purpose. To assess the ecological condition of the Sumy region's soils and to develop priority directions for the protection of land resources of any form of ownership. Methods. The theoretical method of system analysis, comparison and generalization were used in the framework of the conducted research. Current legal acts and research by scientists on land use problems served as the theoretical basis. Statistical data on the state of land resources of the Sumy region served as an information base for the analysis and comparison of phenomena. Results. The ecological condition of the agricultural lands of the Sumy region was analyzed. Weaknesses in the existing soil protection system of the region were identified. Modern land use in most cases is not rational. Excessive plowing of agricultural land leads to depletion of land resources, depression of rural areas, disruption of the natural process of soil formation. Measures to improve and preserve the land cover and its rational use in the Sumy region are proposed. The use of analytical studies allows to thoroughly characterize the economic potential of agricultural lands of the Sumy region, to determine the prospects for their use, reproduction and increase in fertility, which corresponds to the interests of the state, territorial communities, their population and economic entities on the land. The land reform, which is being carried out in Ukraine, sets itself the main task of opening a free land market, is a nationwide phenomenon and relies on the support of the rural population.The work also deals with the issues of land management, land management planning taking into account rational nature management and the land protection system. Conclusions. Land protection is becoming increasingly important as it affects the protection of the natural environment, including forests, waters, subsoil, wildlife and atmospheric air. Improving the state of land resources is a prerequisite for increasing the volume of agricultural production and creating an effective agricultural land market in Ukraine. Therefore, it is important to implement an effective model of land relations and build a perfect legal framework to ensure rational land use.