Volume Of Products Research Articles

Strategi Pemasaran dalam Meningkatkan Daya Saing Usaha Keripik Usus Mardha Desa Badrain Kecamatan Narmada Kabupaten Lombok Barat

The background of this research is the existence of sharp competition between companies, both because of the increasing number of competitors, increasing product volume and rapidly increasing technological developments. This forces companies to pay attention and know what kind of marketing strategy is implemented by the company. The focus is this study was to describe the implementation of the marketing strategy of the intestine Mardha Chips Business in increasing competitiveness and the impact of the marketing strategy implementation by the intestine Mardha Chips Business. This study used qualitative descriptive type approach. Data collection methods used were observation, interview and documentation methods. The results of this study indicate that (1) Mardha Intenstinal Chips Business used a good marketing strategy, namely by conducting market segmentation, target market, market position and marketing mix which includes product strategy, price strategy, location and distribution strategy, and promotion strategy; (2) The marketing strategy implemented by Mardha intestine Chips Business has had positive impacts including increasing sales, adding value to the family economy, prodiving satisfaction to consumers with quality product and affordable prices and expanding market share.

Agent-based modeling and optimization of the characteristics for research-and-production clusters

This paper presents a developed agent-based simulation model for the development of research-and-production clusters in Russia implemented with the use of high-tech enterprises located in four science cities (Troitsk, Obninsk, Pushchino and Protvino) as the case study. A new approach to modeling and optimization of gross metropolitan product (GMP) is proposed, taking into account the influence of the “gravity effect” on the redistribution of labor resources between developing science cities and appropriate enterprises united in single research and research-and-production clusters An important element of this approach is the formation of various scenarios for the strategic development of the research-and-production clusters being assessed and support for the possibility of choosing the most preferable scenario using an evolutionary optimization algorithm. An enlarged simulation model has been developed and implemented in AnyLogic describing the possible development trajectories of science cities with a corresponding change in the values of the most important characteristics: the number of economically active population, the number of research-and-production enterprises, the volume of products produced in high-tech sectors of the economy, GMP, etc. The designed framework is intended primarily for the management of research-and-production clusters implementing the strategy of innovative development. Such a framework uses methods of system dynamics and agent-based simulation modeling supported in the AnyLogic system, genetic optimization algorithms and GIS mapping for science cities, etc. to implement the required functionality. The approbation of the framework was completed with the use of real data published in the approved strategies of the relevant science cities development. As a result of the numerical experiments carried out, some recommendations were proposed for the development of the research-and-production clusters under study considering their mutual influence and the existing base of resources.

Benefits of SWOT Analysis in Marketing Strategy for Sustainable Business Management

By developing the right marketing strategy based on a thorough SWOT analysis, the company can improve its performance and achieve sustainable growth according to targets. Especially when business competition in the world is getting tighter, and geopolitical shifts significantly influence geoeconomics, which has an impact on the national economy. Company management needs to implement marketing strategies more vigilantly, so that they remain effective and efficient, on an ongoing basis. In this context, SWOT analysis is used as a tool to reveal strengths, weaknesses, internal opportunities as well as external threats and opportunities. SWOT analysis can help company management to develop increasingly precise marketing strategies, with the aim of increasing sales volume. The results of the research show that the use of SWOT analysis supports company management in developing more effective and efficient marketing strategies, so as to increase the sales volume of products and services in an increasingly competitive world market.

Комплексные решения по управлению хвостовым хозяйством на Усольском калийном комбинате

Introduction. At enterprises engaged in the extraction and processing of mineral raw materials, the volume of production waste is usually much higher than the volume of a commercial product. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the metal content in ores while increasing the volume of waste rock extracted when accessing ores. According to various estimates, the annual volume of waste from mining enterprises is 7 billion tons per year. The proportion of waste (tailings) in some copper-containing ores can reach 98 % or higher. Gold mining enterprises process ores in which tailings amount to 99.9 % and which contain only a few grams of gold. This trend will continue, as the enterprises of the mineral processing industry have to increase the volume of processed products. Materials and methods. Tailings processing technology solutions include equipment and services that can be used in almost any tailings farm, while tailings thickening and paste thickening can be used. Just as in the case of surface tailings management solutions, the development of solutions for underground workings begins with consideration of the available storage space underground. Post and dry storage technologies combined with closed water circuits represent the best options available for saving water in processing plants. In traditional tailings systems, the source of process water is natural sources or groundwater from mine drainage. Results. The use of sludge dewatering technology has significant advantages in handling excess brines, because it allows you to separate the mother liquor, return it to the technology and thereby prevent discharge to the sludge storage. To enhance the effect of sludge dewatering, it is necessary to limit the supply of fresh water to the technological process beyond the level of irretrievable losses (for example, evaporation into the atmosphere) by using a mother liquor or recycled brine instead of water. Discussion. liquid phase entering the sludge storage, increase the efficiency of hydraulic transport, and increase the service life of tailings facilities. Scientific works confirm the possibility of using filtered sludge from potash factories as a meliorant for agriculture and restoration of forest soils after fires. When implementing integrated tailings management, it is necessary to take into account the existing conditions and limitations of the site, the requirements of the technological process of a particular enterprise. Conclusion. The article presents the results of research on the dehydration of sludge of potassium salts. It has been established that the sludge dewatering technology significantly reduces the volume of sludge entering the sludge storage, which will increase the efficiency of hydraulic transport, increase the service life of tailings facilities. Resume. The use of sludge dewatering technology can significantly improve the efficiency of the processing plant. The development of sludge dewatering technology will require a number of research projects on transportation, storage and logistics of meliorant.

Research on the Potential of China’s Export of Edible Fungus Products to ASEAN

With the rapid development of China’s agriculture, edible fungus products have been highlighted in the trade as it occupies an important position owing to their diverse advantages. The “Belt and Road” initiative and the construction of the “China-ASEAN Free Trade Area” promote the bilateral trade between China and ASEAN, which requires studying the potential of exporting Chinese edible fungus products to ASEAN. Therefore, the current situation and existing problems of the export of fungus products were explored in three dimensions: trade scale, product type, and country structure. The panel data from 9 countries (China and ASEAN countries) from 2003 to 2022 was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model to investigate factors affecting the export volume and potential of edible fungus products. The spatial value of trade potential was estimated and suggestions were made for Chinese edible fungus products exported to ASEAN.

Current state, internal reserves and ways to increase the competitiveness of livestock farming in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Relevance - the livestock industry occupies a strategic position in the economy of all countries because it supplies the population with affordable food products, thereby ensuring food security of states and regions. Purpose –livestock products market in Kazakhstan and its impact on the state of agro-industrial production are considered; monitoring of agricultural producers by the number of farm animals; analysis of volumes and comparative advantages of livestock products for various categories of farms; identifying the main problems and prospects for diversification industries. When conducting the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, graphical, economicstatistical, and systems approaches were used. The main sources of information when conducting the study include data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2019-2023, and the works of scientists on the development of livestock segment. Results - the authors note that the greatest increase in the number of cattle is observed in personal subsidiary plots and peasant (private) farms, which are the main producers and suppliers of livestock products, providing the food market of the republic. The main problems that make it difficult to increase the volume of livestock products are identified: the predominance of small-scale farms; low level of breeding; undeveloped food supply; poor labor motivation among agricultural workers. Conclusions – the expansion of market niche of livestock products as one of the priority areas of agricultural sector of economy depends on the further expansion of the network of production cooperatives – the most acceptable and effective form of farming in rural areas; increasing productivity of farm animals; improvement of food supply; attracting domestic and foreign investments; in the future, the use of information systems for storing data on feed consumption and payment, the physiological state of animals, economic activities and development of livestock development plans.

THE CONCEPT OF FOOD MANAGEMENT USING RFID TECHNOLOGY: MINIMIZING LOSSES AND INCREASING CONSUMER AWARENESS

The study suggests the use of RFID technology to effectively manage food consumption, as well as reduce the volume of unused products. The system includes special readers for automatic receipt and transmission of information about products. Users can monitor the expiration date and receive information through the web application, which also sends notifications about the approaching expiration date, contributing to a more rational use of products.

Study on Improving Electrochemical Machining Performances through Energy Conversion of Electrolyte Fluid

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is regarded as a promising and cost-effective manufacturing method for difficult-to-cut materials with complex shapes and structures. The flow-field state of machining gaps is considered a key factor affecting machining performance in ECM engineering practice and has been widely studied. However, little attention has been given to the fluid energy of electrolytes during the ECM process. This study mainly focuses on the influence of the conversion between dynamic and static pressure energy of electrolyte fluid on ECM performance. The simulation results show that by changing the degree of convergence of the electrolyte outlet, the dynamic and static pressure energy of the electrolyte can be effectively adjusted, and increased static pressure energy can be obtained by sacrificing dynamic pressure energy. The experimental results show that electrolyte energy conversion can achieve better surface quality and material removal rate (MRR). However, excessive sacrifice of fluid dynamic pressure energy will also worsen the ECM performance. By combining MRR and Ra, moderate fluid energy conversion can achieve better machining performance, with a degree of convergence of around 50%–70%. The experimental results also show that moderate energy conversion of the electrolyte fluid can improve the utilization efficiency of electrical energy in the ECM process. This may be because the static pressure of the electrolyte can effectively compress the volume of gas products and reduce the electrical resistivity of the machining gap. These conclusions can provide some useful assistance for ECM engineering practice.

ANALYSIS OF THE CONSUMPTION OF BASIC ENERGY RESOURCES IN THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC AND THERMAL ENERGY AT THE CHP

In this study, the energy efficiency indicator was studied, which provides an opportunity to track changes in the energy efficiency of the technological process. This allows you to observe how energy efficiency increases affect the energy characteristics of equipment. Such an analysis allows the CHP to optimize its energy resources and reduce the negative impact on the environment. When calculating these indicators, both the worst and the best deviation from the baseline values were taken into account. The actual data obtained during the reporting period were used for comparative analysis. These indicators of energy efficiency represent the ratio of energy costs to the volume of products produced or the output of the technological process, as well as the costs of household needs, for a certain period of time, for example, during a month.The practical significance of the analysis of the energy efficiency of the CHP operation lies in the possibility of developing measures to increase the level of efficiency at this enterprise. This will allow us to determine how energy efficiency will change after the energy-saving event and how effective these measures will be.Using methods of increasing energy efficiency, it is possible to reduce energy consumption and reduce economic costs in production, while ensuring the reliability of energy supply and maintaining the high quality of products and services.

Systemic Tranexamic Acid for Reduced Postoperative Blood Loss and Less Bleeding Complications in Fleur-de-lis Abdominoplasty and Apronectomy.

Strategies minimizing surgical bleeding, including the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid, play a crucial role in clinical practice to optimize overall surgical outcomes. Despite its proven efficacy in various clinical fields, there is a limited understanding regarding the use of tranexamic acid in plastic and aesthetic procedures. This study is the first investigating the effects of systemically administered tranexamic acid on postoperative blood loss and bleeding complications in fleur-de-lis abdominoplasties and apronectomies. Patients who received 1g tranexamic acid (n = 44) during fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty or apronectomy were retrospectively compared with those who did not (n = 44). In this context, the outcome parameters 24-h and total drain fluid production, drain time, hospital stay, absolute and relative drop in hemoglobin and hematocrit level as well as bleeding complications such as blood transfusion, hematoma puncture and evacuation were evaluated. Tranexamic acid significantly decreased both drainage volume in 24h (40.5%, p = 0.0046) and total drain fluid production (42.5%, p = 0.0017). Moreover, a shorter drainage time (19.4%, p = 0.0028) and hospital stay (21.4%, p = 0.0009) were observed. The administration of tranexamic acid was also associated with a reduced postoperative decline in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. Notably, no bleeding complications were observed in patients who received tranexamic acid, while 6 events occurred in patients without (p = 0.0262). Systemic administration of tranexamic acid effectively reduced postoperative blood loss and bleeding complications in fleur-de-lis abdominoplasties and apronectomies. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Pulp and Paper Industry at the Start of the First Five-Year Plan: Plans and Practices

In Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union, formed in 1922, the pulp and paper industry was poorly developed. Following the First World War, the Civil War and the Soviet-Polish War, the loss of the western regions, where more than a third of paper products were produced, was also a negative factor. Despite the presence of large forest areas, there were not enough resources for their development, and there was no machine-building base. As a result, the Soviet state imported significant volumes of semi-finished products, paper and cardboard. The article analyzes the plans of the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR for the development of the pulp and paper industry in the second half of the 1920s, the design and progress of construction of enterprises. It was revealed that the main economic body sought to gradually reduce the import of wood pulp, pulp, paper and other necessary materials through the expansion and construction of production facilities. Trusts and regional economic bodies played a major role in the location of enterprises. For them, new construction provided an opportunity to attract capital investment and create industrial centers. It is concluded that large-scale plans for the development of the pulp and paper industry in the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1920s. were poorly developed from a financial and personnel point of view, were based on the weak level of development of the industry and reflected the optimistic ideas of economists and business executives about the potential of the new economic policy. On the contrary, the competition for projects of pulp and paper enterprises in 1928 reflected the transition from decentralized to centralized design of facilities and demonstrated the priorities of the Soviet government regarding the location of new production facilities.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TWINS TO IMPROVE THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES

The article examines the impact of Digital Twins on the business processes of mining companies. Mining companies can optimise their operations, from stripping and mining to enrichment and transportation. By modelling different scenarios, identifying bottlenecks and making informed decisions, companies can improve resource efficiency, reduce downtime and increase productivity, making a positive impact on their operational efficiency. Predictive maintenance strategies implemented with the help of Digital Twins help increase efficiency by minimising unexpected equipment failures and maximising uptime.The main technological effects of the use of Digital Twins in the mining industry, which affect the operational efficiency of the company, are: (1) an increase in the volume of output of commercial products after coal enrichment; (2) an increase in the coefficient of output to the production line of mining equipment.These effects lead to an improvement in the operating efficiency of the mining company, which increases indicators such as EBITDA and cash balance at the end of the period. This impact on operating efficiency is achieved by increasing the volume of commercial products, improving the efficiency of production processes, and by reducing the fixed and operating costs of the business.In order to assess the impact of the use of Digital Twin technology on mining companies, a methodology has been developed to assess the impact of the use of Digital Twin technology on mining companies. According to the results of the survey, a number of key production processes have been identified where the introduction of a Digital Twin is expected to have an impact.As a result of the empirical study, the expected increase in EBITDA from the implementation of the Digital Twin was 28%, the actual increase in EBITDA over the study period was 21%. The expected increase in free cash at the end of the period was + 593 million rubles (+130%), the actual increase in free cash for the period under study was 441 million rubles (+96%).The introduction of Digital Twins in mining companies has shown great potential for improving operational efficiency and solving complex challenges facing the industry.

Analysing Shrinkflation in FMCG Industry with Special Reference to Food Packaging Industry

The behavior of customers and their purchasing decisions are greatly influenced by the food packaging sector. In recent years, the food sector has seen a phenomena known as "shrinkflation," wherein food manufacturers reduce the quantity or volume of products while keeping the same prices. worries regarding this practice's impact on the environment, especially in light of sustainability. This comprehensive investigation looks at the relationship between shrinkflation and sustainability in the food packaging industry. The study begins by examining the underlying factors that contribute to shrinkflation, including cost-cutting measures, changes in consumer preferences, and financial concerns. The study assesses how shrinkflation will affect a brand's reputation over time. The investigation delves into industry norms concerning packaging, sustainability, and regulatory frameworks, emphasizing the advantages and disadvantages that food makers face as a result. The study examines the prevalence of shrinkflation in several food categories and the reasons behind this practice by using a thorough investigation of the body of literature currently in publication, industry reports, and market data. It also examines how shrinkflation affects sustainability, with a particular emphasis on how to lower resource consumption, waste production, and carbon emissions in the food packaging supply chain. The intricate relationships between shrinkflation and sustainability in the food packaging industry are made clearer by this in-depth analysis. The ultimate goal of the paper is to encourage informed decision-making among stakeholders and increase understanding of the ramifications of shrinkflation in order to promote a more ethically and sustainably conscious food business.

Brand Equity Analysis of Formula Milk for Age 1-3 Years Old at Integrated Healthcare Center Mawar IX Bandung

This study aims to describe the characteristics of consumers in purchasing formula milk products aged 1-3 years and to analyze the brand equity of formula milk aged 1-3 years at Integrated Healthcare Center Mawar IX, RW 9, Cipamokolan Village, Rancasari District, Bandung City. The method used mixed research methods and sample taking used a purposive sampling technique. Based on observations, there were 51 people who suit the criteria. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Cochran test, brand switching pattern matrix, and estimation of market share. Based on research, the characteristics of its consumers are dominated by housewives aged 19-34 years with undergraduate/postgraduate graduates who have children aged 12-23 months with an income of IDR 500,000-5,000,000 and expenditures of IDR 100,000-3,000,000 per month regarding knowledge of child nutrition and obtaining information regarding formula milk from advertisements so that they buy formula milk with a frequency of 1-2 times/month and a small product volume. The results show that Dancow Batita and SGM have a fairly strong brand equity value where these two brands have a brand image with 11 brand associations and a good quality perception. SGM outperformed brand awareness and estimated market share, while Dancow Batita led in brand loyalty. While both brands are equally superior for brand association and perceived quality.

A policy approach to identifying food and beverage products that are ultra-processed and high in added salt, sugar and saturated fat in the United States: a cross-sectional analysis of packaged foods

Governments globally aim to reduce the intake of unhealthy foods. Many policies exist that aim to address foods high in saturated fat, salt and sugar (HFSS) but the identification of ultra-processed foods (UPF) have presented a greater challenge due to the lack of an appropriate policy definition. To support policymakers, we provide approaches that can support governments to identify both HFSS foods and UPFs. Four approaches combining elements of UPF definitions (i.e., presence of additives) and HFSS definitions were compared attempting to simplify and standardize the identification of less healthy products. Nationally representative food purchase data from NielsenIQ linked with nutrition facts label data were used to examine the mean proportion of product volume purchased by US households to be targeted. Differences between approaches were examined using Student t test; Bonferroni adjusted P value<0.0001 was considered significant. In 2020, 50% of 33,054,687 products purchased by US households were considered UPFs (65% of foods and 38% of beverages) and 43% HFSS (65% of foods and 26% of beverages), however there was not 100% agreement between the two definitions (P<0.0001). By starting with HFSS criteria and adding elements of UPF (colors and flavors), we were able to provide a method with 100% agreement between the identification of UPFs and HFSS products. Results demonstrated how combining HFSS criteria with UPF criteria can be used to identify less healthy foods and ensure policymakers have both a simple and accurate method to target products for policy intervention. Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Global Food Research Program of UNC-Chapel Hill provided funds.

Game‐theoretic approaches to product introduction strategies for durable products

AbstractNew product demand continuously fluctuates throughout the life of the product. As a result, markets typically experience high volatility. Most companies operate in highly competitive industries where the product volume supplied by the competitors significantly affects production plans. These conditions necessitate companies to be flexible and rapidly adapt to such volatility. In this study, we investigate the product introduction strategies under two microeconomic theories: real‐option valuation and game theory. Specifically, we develop a real‐option valuation framework with a flexible capacity based on two game‐theoretic models, namely, Stackelberg and Cournot, in a duopoly market where competitors have either perfect or imperfect information. Furthermore, we construct a lattice to discretize the demand evolution and adopt a regime‐switching approach to characterize the stochastic product lifetime. We conduct an extensive numerical study and compare net present values (NPVs) and optimal capacities obtained from the game‐theoretic models. Our results show that under perfect information, the Stackelberg competition generates more supply with lower prices and less total than the Cournot competition. Moreover, we find that, compared to the fixed‐capacity system, the flexible capacity system increases the in the Stackelberg game (by 5.5%) more than in the Cournot game (by 3.3%). We provide further results on the performance of the companies based on detailed sensitivity analysis for various model parameters. In particular, we observe that fixed and variable production and installation costs majorly impact capacity allocation decisions and profits.

АНАЛИЗ РЫНКА РЫБНОГО СЫРЬЯ г. КЕМЕРОВО

The purpose of the study is to conduct marketing research of the fish products market in order to determine the needs and preferences of residents of Kemerovo, as well as assess the possibilities of using fish products from local producers of appropriate quality. Objectives: to determine the level of consumption of fish products in the city of Kemerovo; to identify the main producers and the structure of the assortment of the consumer market; to consider the sales volumes of fish products on the market of the city of Kemerovo. To study the analysis of the state of the raw fish market in Kemerovo, eight retail outlets were selec¬ted. Statistical reporting data characterizing the state of the fishery market was collected and analyzed. The conducted review of the fish products market makes it possible to determine the level of consumer preferences of Kemerovo residents from the supply position, to identify the main features of the market, problems and potential for further growth. Analysis of the data obtained shows that the raw fish market in Kemerovo is represented by products from both local producers and fish processors from other regions and countries. More than 55 % of the range of fish products comes from foreign producers and fish pro¬ducts from Russian regions. One of the main problems is the low share of local production in the regional market. To achieve positive results in increasing local fish production, state support is required in the form of subsidies and benefits for local producers of fish and fish products. This will stimulate production growth and ensure affordable prices for consumers with high quality products and reduce dependence on imports. Attracting investors to expand and modernize regional fish farming and production, improving product quality, organizing the production of high-quality fish products that meet quality and safety standards – all this will help increase consumer confidence and create loyalty to local brands.

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РОССИЙ-СКИХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ НА СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЭТАПЕ: РЕГИОНАЛЬ-НЫЙ АСПЕКТ

The article presents scientific approaches to the definition of key characteristics that influ-ence regional development, which are based on the innovative component. A system of criteria has been developed and the group-ing of regional systems of a particular fed-eral district into five groups has been carried out, depending on the level of innovation activity. The analysis was carried out on the materials of the Volga Federal District. The purpose of the study is to diagnose the impact of innovation activity at the regional level on the volume of gross regional product. The diagnostics of socio-economic systems with the selection of key parameters influencing the development of mesoterritoriums with the formation of a working regression model, which allows us to predict the variability of the gross regional product with the construction of a scattering diagram. The obtained models can be used by regional authorities in the process of stra-tegic planning.

Problems of the development of Ukraine’s industry and itspersonnel supply in the conditions of war

Abstract The article examines the problems of industrial development of Ukraine during the period of independence and in the conditions of a full-scale war. A review of publications on the problems of industry by domestic researchers is carried out. It is stated that as part of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had a developed industry, which was fully integrated into the Union economy. The rupture of production chains, the loss of markets and the lack of an effective industrial policy during the period of independence led to deindustrialization and technological decline of Ukraine's industrial potential, which became a significant factor in unleashing armed aggression. The negative impact of the war on the state of domestic industry is studied: the destruction, closure and relocation of many enterprises, the curtailment of business and the primitivization of production led to a reduction in the volume of products sold by almost a third. Analysis of the dynamics of production in 2023 showed a slow and unstable recovery of industrial production, which is hindered by a number of factors. It is noted that a growing constraint is the lack of qualified personnel. The main threats to the staffing of the industrial sector of Ukraine in the wartime and post-war period are systematized: physical and migration losses of the population, brain drain, migration policy of the EU countries to create a reserve of skilled labor for their economies, low level of wages at domestic enterprises, destruction of the education system and inconsistency of vocational training with the needs of the labor market, weak participation of business in interaction with the system of vocational training and in improving personnel qualifications. At the present stage, the main tasks in the field of staffing of industry are: increasing the level of safety of living and working conditions in Ukraine; improvement of the organizational and legal principles of employment based on the principles of decent work; development of effective mechanisms and incentives for the return of forced external migrants; involvement in the sphere of economic activity of the passive part of the able-bodied population, including disabled people; use of diverse and flexible forms of work organization; modernization and development of the system of vocational and engineering education. Keywords industry, industrial complex of Ukraine, war risks for industry, industrial recovery, human resources of industry, human losses from the war, labor shortage

Method of controlling the volume of combustion products at different boiler loads

Purpose. Development of a method for controlling the volume of combustion products at different load of boiler equipment. Achieving the objective may allow controlling the flue gas temperature and, consequently, the efficiency to increase it. Methodology. Control of the flue gas volume value on the basis of determining the appropriate composition of the fuel gas mixture. Findings. The effect of flue gas temperature increase at use of fuel gases of lower calorific value and increase in ballast gases quantity is revealed. The latter can be the air used as an oxidising agent at its considerable excess. The mechanism of such an effect due to the increase in the quantity and velocity of flue gases is suggested. A parameter determining the volume of flue gases produced per unit calorific value of various fuel gases is proposed. On the basis of this parameter the method for calculating the composition of the mixture of different gases to ensure the constancy of the flue gas volume at variable load is proposed Originality. On the example of the results of verification thermal calculation the change in flue gas temperature and efficiency value is considered. The non-standard character of their change is revealed. In contrast to the case of using fuel gas of constant composition with increasing load, the temperature of flue gases remained close to constant, and the value of efficiency increased. Practical value. The obtained results indicate the possibility of controlling the flue gas temperature and boiler efficiency at a given load. This allows one, unlike the case of using fuel gas of constant composition, to increase the efficiency exactly at maximum load avoiding getting into the condensate mode at minimum load. There is a possibility to save fossil gas and, consequently, to reduce the greenhouse share in CO2 emissions.