Problems of the development of Ukraine’s industry and itspersonnel supply in the conditions of war

Abstract

Abstract The article examines the problems of industrial development of Ukraine during the period of independence and in the conditions of a full-scale war. A review of publications on the problems of industry by domestic researchers is carried out. It is stated that as part of the Soviet Union, Ukraine had a developed industry, which was fully integrated into the Union economy. The rupture of production chains, the loss of markets and the lack of an effective industrial policy during the period of independence led to deindustrialization and technological decline of Ukraine's industrial potential, which became a significant factor in unleashing armed aggression. The negative impact of the war on the state of domestic industry is studied: the destruction, closure and relocation of many enterprises, the curtailment of business and the primitivization of production led to a reduction in the volume of products sold by almost a third. Analysis of the dynamics of production in 2023 showed a slow and unstable recovery of industrial production, which is hindered by a number of factors. It is noted that a growing constraint is the lack of qualified personnel. The main threats to the staffing of the industrial sector of Ukraine in the wartime and post-war period are systematized: physical and migration losses of the population, brain drain, migration policy of the EU countries to create a reserve of skilled labor for their economies, low level of wages at domestic enterprises, destruction of the education system and inconsistency of vocational training with the needs of the labor market, weak participation of business in interaction with the system of vocational training and in improving personnel qualifications. At the present stage, the main tasks in the field of staffing of industry are: increasing the level of safety of living and working conditions in Ukraine; improvement of the organizational and legal principles of employment based on the principles of decent work; development of effective mechanisms and incentives for the return of forced external migrants; involvement in the sphere of economic activity of the passive part of the able-bodied population, including disabled people; use of diverse and flexible forms of work organization; modernization and development of the system of vocational and engineering education. Keywords industry, industrial complex of Ukraine, war risks for industry, industrial recovery, human resources of industry, human losses from the war, labor shortage