Volume Of Garbage Research Articles

KAJIAN PENGELOLAAN INFRASTRUKTUR RUSUNAWA

Rusunawa was constructed with the aim to improve the quality of the settlement environment through rejuvenation, restoration, and relocation. The provision of low-cost apartments was originally intended to overcome horizontal slums, but unwittingly it has changed the slums, not only horizontally but also vertically. Seeing the declining in the quality of the environment, a study on the construction planning of low-cost apartments is necessary. Infrastructure and facilities play a major role in the sustainability of rusunawa. The aims of this study are to examine the infrastructure and facilities and to determine the strategies to improve them according to the prevailing standards. Data on water needs of the low-cost apartment residents were used to figure out the needs for clean water and to identify the condition and the capacity of the existing water facility in rusunawa based on the regulation. Data of the existing condition of drainage and the information of inundation around the rusunawa in rainy season were used to identify the drainage facility based on the regulation. A sample of waste was also obtained to analyze the BOD5, COD, TSS, pH, oil and fat parameter and then it was compared with the prevailing quality standards. Subsequently, this study identified the condition and the capacity of water waste based on the regulation. Afterwards, this study logged the garbage volume from the residents for 8 days which aimed to find out the garbage volume an to identify the condition and the capacity of waste facility based on the regulation. Later on, this study logged green open space facility, building transportation, and road facility to identify the existing condition based on the regulation. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative analysis method. The results show that the infrastructure and the facility of low-cost apartments on Jl. Kom Yos Sudarso Jeruju is not optimal. The water waste facility has not met the prevailing standard and regulation. The construction of garbage dump has not implemented the regulation on waste segregation. Finally, the road facility has not complied the requirements. Keywords: identification, infrastructure, facility, low-cost apartment.

Kemitraan Pemerintah dan Swasta dalam Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah di Kota Pekanbaru

The partnership between the Regional Government and the private sector is a step that the Government can take as an effort to cover up the limitations in waste management in the city of Pekanbaru. The dynamics of rapid population growth have had consequences for increasing the volume of garbage to approximately 1,100 tons per day. The Pekanbaru City Government then took steps to implement partnerships with the private sector as an effort to manage waste management. However, the involvement of the private sector in dealing with waste issues actually showed a failure in 2015. In 2018, the Pekanbaru City Government again planned to submit waste management to the private sector. Therefore, this study tries to focus on two formulations of the problem, which is why the Pekanbaru City Government again delegates the authority to manage waste in the city of Pekanbaru to the private sector? And what is the right scheme for government and private partnerships in carrying out waste management in Pekanbaru City? To answer the above questions, this research was escorted by the Reinventing Government theory of David Osborne and Ted Gaebler and also the theory of Public Private Partnership. Through the case study method, this research will explore the partnership between Pekanbaru City Government and the private sector in waste management in Pekanbaru City. The results showed that the objective of the partnership between the Regional Government of Pekanbaru and third parties in waste management in the city of Pekanbaru was to overcome the inability of the Pekanbaru City Government to provide facilities and infrastructure, garbage fleets, human resources and budget constraints. Thus, the logic of this partnership leads to one of the lines of thought offered by Osborn regarding the Catalytic Government (Steering Rather Than Rowing). The scheme of success of the partnership of Pekanbaru City Government and the private sector in waste management needs to pay attention to process factors, partner factors and structural factors. Thus, waste management in the city of Pekanbaru requires a paradigm shift, from being limited to disposal to become a focus on management and utilization.

Environment Protection through Recycling and Renewables (Indian Context)

Large scale migration of people from rural areas (villages) to cities is creating Socio – economic problems in both the places including environmental degradation. Major contribution is from inadequate garbage removal system and indiscrete use of fossil fuels. Typical examples are cities Delhi and Bangalore. Setting up suitable industries in rural locations will reduce migration of rural population to cities and reduce the environmental pollution there. Besides agro based industries, recycling of used packaging to produce new products has been suggested in this article due to growing consumption of the same, availability of raw material from waste collection, as well as, other pertinent aspects including economic, social and other benefits. Also, by collection and recycling discarded packaging, the volume of garbage and hence environmental pollution will be reduced. The benefits and necessity of replacing fossil fuels by renewable sources like Solar and biofuels has also been discussed. The industries will provide “on the job “training to the local population and contribute to skill development. This will be of help in operating and maintaining modern farm machinery and equipment. Also, as part of their social responsibility, the units will contribute to development of the locality by promoting hygiene, education, sports and cultural activities, providing clean drinking water etc. Mahatma Gandhi’s idea to develop the Indian society was based on his understanding of the rural society and hence based on the village system. Talking about the importance of village, he wrote in 1936, “I would say if the village perishes, India will perish too. It will be no more India” which is more relevant today than it was at his time.

Utilization of Used Goods Boleng (Bottle, Cans) to Grow Environment Awareness and Entrepreneurship Soul Students in PKBM Negeri 09 Cilandak

The background of this research is that environmental issues are still a complex topic and almost all aspects of the life dimension of society. One of the most common environmental degradation is garbage problem, in Jakarta the daily garbage volume is around 6000 tons, the garbage comprises 60% -70% of organic waste, 40% non-organic waste. The waste can be managed by the community that has been involved in the recycling of used materials that are environmentally based one of them with the empowered waste bank. The purpose of this study is to: 1). Grow awareness and sensitivity to the environment around the learner. 2). Growing attitudes and skills of entrepreneurial spirit of learners by utilizing and processing waste materials that are easily obtained in the environment of learners to be goods of economic value. This study used qualitative methods conducted in PKBM Negeri 09 Cilandak in May 2017. Subjects studied were B and C package learners. The importance of shaping the behavior and understanding of learners in integrated learning with vocational education in schools, so that learners do not Only learning materials in geography learning about the environment but learners instilled entrepreneurial spirit by utilizing used goods (bottles, cans) that are used as goods of economic value. Thus the utilization of used goods in addition to helping reduce waste, can foster environmental awareness and entrepreneurial spirit of learners to become entrepreneurs.

Municipal solid waste transportation optimisation with vehicle routing approach: case study of Pontianak City, West Kalimantan

Municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation in Pontianak City becomes an issue that need to be tackled by the relevant agencies. The MSW transportation service in Pontianak City currently requires very high resources especially in vehicle usage. Increasing the number of fleets has not been able to increase service levels while garbage volume is growing every year along with population growth. In this research, vehicle routing optimization approach was used to find optimal and efficient routes of vehicle cost in transporting garbage from several Temporary Garbage Dump (TGD) to Final Garbage Dump (FGD). One of the problems of MSW transportation is that there is a TGD which exceed the the vehicle capacity and must be visited more than once. The optimal computation results suggest that the municipal authorities only use 3 vehicles from 5 vehicles provided with the total minimum cost of IDR. 778,870. The computation time to search optimal route and minimal cost is very time consuming. This problem is influenced by the number of constraints and decision variables that have are integer value.

POTENSI ENERGI LISTRIK YANG DIHASILKAN DARI EMISI GAS METANA DI TPA SUWUNG PROVINSI BALI

Waste is one source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) that has methane gas form which caused an early multi-dimensional, massive and complex problems. The rapid increase of garbage volume entering landfill, annually result a high garbage dumps in the Suwung Landfill area. It should have been considered a handing solution for example by converting the methane gas content in the waste into a useful value added product. The objective of this research is determining the amount of electrical energy that can be produced through methane gas emission at Suwung Landfill. The characteristic and composition of waste could give effect to the formation of methane emissions. The research on the composition and characteristic of waste were done by sorting 1 m3 of garbage sample from new garbage entering landfill. Garbage is divided based on the source of DLHK waste, market waste, and private waste. The volume of waste that went to Suwung Landfill in 2016 calculated 1.296.438 m3 which was dominated by organic waste (78,1%). The density of the waste that went into Suwung Landfill, based on the research's results, amounted to 135,09 kg / m3, there fore could be assumed that the weight of waste that went to Suwung Landfill in 2016 was 175.135,81 tons. Based on these data, the number of 136.785,13 tons of waste, which was organic waste, could increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere if this situation does not manage properly. Gravimeter method is using for measures the dry matter content value of waste. From the measurement, the results obtained the waste components that have the highest dry matter content is from rubber and leather garbage (76,52%) while the lowest dry matter is food waste (19,13%). By using calculations based on IPCC 2006, it was found that the amount of methane emissions could be generated by the waste at the Suwung Landfill in 2016, amounted to 3.535,06 tons. Based on the energy equivalence table, the electrical power that is generated from the potential methane emissions at the Suwung Landfill is 6,66 MW.
 Keywords: waste composition, waste characteristics, methane emissions, ipcc2006, electrical power.

O PROBLEMA DO LIXO GERADO PELAS EMBALAGENS DE PIZZA NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO

São Paulo gera em média 18 mil toneladas de lixo diariamente entre lixo comum (resíduos domiciliar), público ou especial, sendo que o resíduo domiciliar representa 12 mil toneladas/dia.
 O site da Prefeitura de São Paulo informa que os trabalhos de coleta são executados pelas concessionárias Ecourbis e Loga, que percorrem diariamente uma área de 1.500 km² onde 11 milhões de pessoas são beneficiadas e onde mais de três mil pessoas trabalham no recolhimento desses resíduos com 500 caminhões além de outros veículos especializados para coleta de resíduos de saúde (Dados coletados no site da Prefeitura de São Paulo www.capital.sp.gov.br em outubro e novembro de 2016 e atualizado em janeiro de 2017).
 Com esses números impressionantes é preciso analisarmos para onde vai todo esse material, que destino é dado a ele e se essa é realmente a melhor destinação a ser dada para esse lixo.
 Esse estudo pretende trazer à tona a problemática do volume de lixo da cidade de São Paulo fazendo um recorte na categoria de resíduos sólidos, levantando a quantidade de lixo gerada especificamente pelas embalagens de pizza (só em São Paulo são consumidas 570 mil pizzas por dia que correspondem a 57% do volume total do país), analisando qual o destino final é dado para essas embalagens, como e onde são descartadas e ainda propondo uma reflexão de qual seria o melhor destino para elas no intuito de minimizar o impacto ambiental que provocam.
 Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória através de um levantamento bibliográfico e de dados secundários extraídos dos anais da Prefeitura de São Paulo e da PGIRS – Plano de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos da Cidade de São Paulo.
 Tomado conhecimento de um volume de lixo tão impressionante e nocivo para a cidade e que cresce exponencialmente esse estudo propõe não uma mudança no consumo da pizza, alimento tão intrínseco à cultura do paulistano e do brasileiro, mas sim uma nova forma de acondicioná-la e que possa ser reutilizada e reciclada diminuindo significativamente o impacto na natureza.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR COMMUNITY IN ASTAMBUL KOTA VILLAGE TO IMPLEMENTING SELF-MANAGEMENT OF WASTE BASED UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

The average volume of garbage in Indonesia reached 200 thousand tons per day. If the waste problem is not immediately addressed then in 2020 the volume of waste in Indonesia increased five-fold, meaning that there are 1 million ton pile of garbage a day. According to data from the Bank Trash Gemah Ripah Banjarbaru, inorganic waste generated in a household can reach 50,000/month,-. Thus, the economic potential of organic and inorganic waste in a household can produce an average Rp170.000,00/month. The economic potential is generated in the household garbage can be used to meet the needs, one of which is the fulfillment of the need for health insurance. Based on the above, it is known that if a household produce waste amounting to Rp170,000,-/month and receive a discount of 10% as the cost of postal services manager self-management of garbage, the net revenue of society is about Rp153.000,-. When people enroll as participants BPJS in grade 3, then this value JKN able to pay premiums for 6 people in a household. Self-management methods based garbage universal health coverage intends to empower communities, so that the community is able to take over management of household waste, the reduced volume of waste in the environment, and improve the village economy by utilizing organic waste piling up in the village. In addition, this method intends that all people, especially the poor receive health insurance from the government by paying a premium JKN of garbage. Keyword: Self-management of Garbage, Universal Health Coverage, Insure Correspondent Author: Anggun Wulandari

Reducing the Volume of Garbage and Production of Biogas through Anaerobic Decomposition

Biogas is one of the most eco-friendly alternative renewable energy sources, to meet future energy requirement. In order to carry out this research, two experiments were set up taking cow dung, cow dung with wasted flour and cultured Bacteria with waste flour. In Experiment 1, only cow dung was used in build biogas plant and decomposed periodically for 28 days. After that cow dung slurry (as inoculum) with waste flour were decomposed for 28 days. In Experiment 2, same waste flour with cultured anaerobic bacterial colony (as inoculum) was used as the feed stocks and the experiment was completed in 28 days. Result of the Study revealed that production of biogas was higher and consuming less time when cultured bacterial colony was used as inoculum with feed stock, compared to that of cow dung. In this experiment, garbage is decomposed with approximately all type of anaerobic bacteria. If methanogens, facultative anaerobes and other bacteria which are responsible for anaerobic digestion and biogas formation, are separately cultured and these garbage’s are separately decomposed with this bacteria. Anaerobic decomposition has a number of environmental benefits including production of ‘green’ energy and natural fertilizers. The process of converting organic feed stock into biogas can serve as a substitute for fossil fuels and artificial fertilizers, reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 33-36 2015

Correlation of Climate Change Factors with Dengue Incidence in Old Balara, Quezon City, Philippines

Dengue virus associated with hemorrhagic fever claimed so many Filipino lives. Climate change factors and garbage volume affect dengue incidence. This study aimed to determine the relationship of climate change factors with dengue cases in Old Balara, Quezon City, Philippines. The study evaluated the secondary data from DOST PAGASA and Quezon City Municipal Health Office. Temperature and garbage volume are negatively correlated with dengue cases. Relative humidity and rainfall are positively correlated with the incidence of dengue in the study area. Various factors play different roles with the number of dengue cases occurring in particular locations.

豊島廃棄物等処理事業における処分地管理手法の高度化に関する検討

This report shows the development of a management method of Teshima waste disposal project using GPSbased 3D modeling method. Teshima waste disposal project has been conducted since 2003 as a solution of the illegal industrial waste dumping occurred in Teshima-island, Kagawa Prefecture. To prevent illegal dumping and to accumulate data of this project, we took a survey of the disposal area 4 times a year and made the 3D model of the area. By comparing the 3D model change in time course, we can show stakeholders how the project has advanced. And by surveying the area changed between the two 3D models, we can calculate the volume of disposed garbage. So, we call this system a “Co-creation system”. Therefore, we compared the cost and accuracy of GPS surveying, Light wave surveying, and Laser surveying. With this system we promoted information sharing between stakeholders.

DINAMIKA KERUANGAN PESISIR KOTA KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

This research aims to 1) analyze the dynamics of land use change in the coastal area of Kupang and 2) study the relationship of land use change, population growth, and incremental of garbage (during 1999-2030), and 3) formulate policy of the development of coastal areas. Analysis of land use change using geographic information system (GIS) and analysis of dynamic systems were applied in this research. The result showed that there has been a significant land use change during periode of 1999 - 2013. Dryland farming/shrub drastically decreased and being converted into residential area of 836.53 ha changes.The land use simulation of 2030 shows that the residential area reached to 3.337.05 ha, more than the existing area as 3,163 .48 ha. The changes has highly related to population growth and garbage volume, therefore it needs strong comprehensive policy including tightening of development permission, development of vertical housing and increasing for garbage storage facility and its transporter. Keywords: land use change, coastal area of Kupang City, dynamic systems

Dinamika Keruangan Pesisir Kota Kupang Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

This research aims to 1) analyze the dynamics of land use change in the coastal area of Kupang and 2) study the relationship of land use change, population growth, and incremental of garbage (during 1999-2030), and 3) formulate policy of the development of coastal areas. Analysis of land use change using geographic information system (GIS) and analysis of dynamic systems were applied in this research. The result showed that there has been a significant land use change during periode of 1999 - 2013. Dryland farming/shrub drastically decreased and being converted into residential area of 836.53 ha changes.The land use simulation of 2030 shows that the residential area reached to 3.337.05 ha, more than the existing area as 3,163 .48 ha. The changes has highly related to population growth and garbage volume, therefore it needs strong comprehensive policy including tightening of development permission, development of vertical housing and increasing for garbage storage facility and its transporter. Keywords: land use change, coastal area of Kupang City, dynamic systems

Research on Screw-Extrusion Dehydration Technology and Equipment in Recycling Process of Urban Garbage

As new and efficient dehydration technology and equipment needs to be applied to the recycling of Chinese urban garbage urgently, this study discusses the differences and similarities between spiral-extrusion and screw-extrusion physical model on dehydration technology. Based on the research on screw-extrusion dehydration technology, the factors that affect dehydration production volume and efficiency of urban garbage’s recycling have been analyzed. Using screw-extrusion theoretical model, the paper further discusses the influence of some parameters such as operation factors, geometric structure and urban garbage’s material performance. Finally, experiment research is made to examine the screw-extrusion theoretical model. The results show that appropriate screw speed can balance the production volume and dehydration efficiency. The main factors of geometric parameters are screw diameter, screw groove depth and helix angle, and all of these three factors can influence dehydration output and efficiency.

STUDY PENERAPAN PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI TPA KUPANG KECAMATAN JABON KABUPATEN SIDOARJO

Garbage is resulted from human activities and their existence is unwanted. High population growth can causean increase in garbage volume. This situation calls for right and proper garbage management. Such garbagemanagement can be done in the landfill.The research was carried out in Kupang Landfill at Kecamatan Jabon Kabupaten Sidoarjo. This was adescriptive study, using cross sectional approach. This study illustrated the garbage managementimplementation in Kupang Landfill in Kecamatan Jabon Kabupaten Sidoarjo in 2014. The data were analyseddescriptively based on the tabulated data using fulfillment standard as > 50%.The results indicated a score of 65% on garbage management implementation in the Landfill that is inaccordance with the Minister of Public Works Regulation Number 3 Year 2013 regarding The Implementationof Garbage Infrastructure in Household Garbage Handling and Garbage Similar to Household Garbage. Thegarbage management method adopted in Kupang landfill is a controlled landfill. Garbage comes fromresidential areas, markets and manufacturing companies or industries. The daily generation rate of garbage isin the average of 376 m3/ day. The type of the produced garbage is household garbage and similar to those.In terms of the composition it consists of organiC and inorganic garbage. The equipment and tools being usedin garbage management are dump truck, arm roll, pick up, bulldozer, broom, small water pump, big dieselengine, and methane gas suck blower.It is suggested to perform some sorting between garbage from manufacturing companies or industries withpublic garbage. Garbage grouping is based on garbage composition which can be expressed in % of weight or% of volume of each garbage composition, conduct garbage sorting and grouping since garbage leaves itssources, provide sorting facilities, a place for every type of garbage, and provide sorted garbage collectionfacility

Cleaning-Up Tacloban: A Post-Haiyan ('Yolanda') Disaster Waste Management System

The United Nations and other international non-government organizations provided funds and implemented recovery programs to clear the debris and dispose a large volume of garbage in Tacloban City after Typhoon Yolanda. The local government must take the responsibility of maintaining the cleanliness of the city through proper waste disposal and segregation. A feasible solution is to process recyclable materials, for it does not only mitigate health hazards and maintain cleanliness of the surroundings but it also yields revenue, compensating for the expenditure on its collection and transportation. As a support mechanism, a waste disposal/segregation repository must be emplaced in strategic areas around the city. The barangay council should formulate a more relevant and stricter ordinance for the implementation of an ecological and sustainable solid waste management system.

Flexural Test On Recycled Polystyrene

In socio-environmental scenario increased the nature resources concern beyond products and subproducts reuse. Recycling is the approach for a material or energy reintroducing in productive system. This method allows the reduction of garbage volume dumped in environment, saving energy and decreasing the requirement of natural resources use. In general, the ending of expanded polystyrene is deposited sanitary landfills or garbage dumps without control that take large volume and spreads easily by aeolian action, with consequently environmental pollution, however, the recycling avoids their misuse and the obtainment from petroleum is reduced. This work recycled expanded polystyrene via merger and/or dissolution by solvents for the production of integrated circuits boards. The obtained material was characterized in flexural mode according to ASTM D 790 and results were compared with phenolite, traditionally used. Specimens fractures were observed by electronic microscopy scanning in order to establish patterns. Expanded Polyestirene recycled as well as phenolite were also thermo analyzed by TGA and DSC. The method using dissolution produced very brittle materials. The method using merger showed no voids formation nor increased the brittleness of the material. The recycled polystyrene presented a strength value significantly lower than that for the phenolite.

An environmental evaluation of household garbage processors

AbstractThe amount of garbage emitted from households and industries has been constantly increasing in recent years, and its treatment cost has been a financial burden to municipal governments in Japan. Many municipal governments recommend that their citizens purchase household garbage processors in order to reduce the volume of garbage transferred to and incinerated at their facilities. Actually, 1535 municipal governments subsidize their citizens' purchase of electrical garbage processors and/or compost containers. These subsidies should be assessed from various points of view, such as the costs and benefits to municipal governments and citizens, and also global or local environmental loads. An environmental planning department of a city office sent questionnaires to its residents to investigate the utilization of the subsidized devices. An environmental organization of citizens supported the department with design of the questionnaire form and analysis of the collected questionnaire data. In this paper, the processes of designing the form and analyzing the data are explained, and then an evaluation of the subsidy is presented. The conclusions are as follows: Electrical garbage processors would be beneficial for dealing with local environmental problems such as lack of a final landfill site. However, the processors will increase CO2 emissions unless their electrical consumption efficiency can be improved. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(7): 42–52, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10285

Food habits of American black bears as a metric for direct management of human–bear conflict in Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park, California

Abstract The management of human–American black bear (Ursus americanus) conflict has been of significant concern for Yosemite National Park (YNP) personnel since the 1920s. Park managers implemented the YNP Human–Bear Management Plan in 1975 in an effort to reduce human–bear conflicts, especially in the extensively developed Yosemite Valley (YV). We used scat analysis to estimate annual and seasonal food habits of black bears in YV during 2001–02. We assessed the success of efforts to reduce the availability of anthropogenic foods, including garbage, by examining changes in the diet compared to a study from 1974–78 (Graber 1981). We also quantified consumption of non-native fruit to address its possible contribution to human–bear conflicts. The annual percent volume of human-provided food and garbage in black bear scats in YV decreased from 21% to 6% between 1978 and 2002, indicating YNP efforts have been effective. We found high use of non-native apples by bears throughout YV. Non-native food sources cou...

PEMBUATAN EKOSEMEN DARI SAMPAH ORGANIK

The Huge volume of urban garbage despite limited space of garbage dump and inappropriate handling have become complicated and never ended problem. Helped to these issue, the research on Forming Ecocement from organic garbage was carried out. Ecocement was made from the mixture of the ash of organic garbage and limestone. The ashing was started by putting up the dry leaves and branches and some anorganic garbage (i.e paper) in pirolisis reactor, heated at temperatures 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 ( o C). The resulted ash was mixed with limestone at (60:40) ; (55:45) ; (50:50) ; (45:55) ; (40:60) (%) ratio and blended with water. Next, the mixture was heated in a temperature of 900 o C for 1 hour. The ash analysis from the pirolisis process indicated that the best ash to produce cement was one that was heated in the temperature of 300 o C in the composition of CaO = 200.591,8 ppm SiO 2 = 160.020, 8 ppm Al 2 O 3 = 56.800,9 ppm dan Fe 2 O 3 = 5.510,6 ppm, while the best ratio of ash : lime stone is 55 % : 45 % in the composition of CaO=60,8 % , SiO 2 = 16,3 % , Al 2 O 3 = 4,8 %, Fe 2 O 3 = 0,3%. The resulted cement stand the tensile strengt 72,6 kg/cm 2 , min, in 7 days stored (standard grade of the tensile strengt 150 kg/cm 2 , min, in 7 days stored). Key words : Ecocement, Ash of Organik Garbage, Lime Stone.