Volt DC Research Articles

Preparation and 3D printing parameters of thermo/electrically shape memory PLA/SEBS-g-MA/CB composites

In this work, novel thermo-responsive shape memory blends PLA/SEBS-g-MA and electro-responsive PLA/SEBS-g-MA/carbon black (CB) composites were prepared by melt blending, and were extruded into filaments for 3D printing. SEM images illustrate that the blends possess co-continuous structure at SEBS-g-MA ratio of 30 wt% and showcase remarkable shape memory properties (Rf 100%, Rr 85.3%), which were attributed to effective stress transfer. In the second part, PLA/SEBS-g-MA/CB composites were produced with different amounts of CB nanoparticles. The volume resistivity of composites with CB additions of 13 phr and above is maintained at about 102 Ω.cm, and the printed samples showed superior electro-responsive performance, with response completed in about 40 s at 60 volts DC. In addition, the effect of printing parameters on the mechanical properties was investigated and it was found that the choice of layer thickness was strongly related to tensile and flexural strength.

Rancang Bangun Pengisian Tegangan Baterai Handphone (HP) Metoda Buck Konverter DC-DC Tipe FC75

Mobile phone (HP) battery manufacturing specifications have a charging current capacity maximum parameter CAh(maks.) = 800 mAh and maximum voltage Vbat(max.) = 3.7 volts dc reduces to 2.02 volts dc requires recharging. In this research HP battery voltage was recharged using the FC75 dc-dc buck converter method, starting from a voltage of Vbat(initial) = 2.02 volts until the final battery voltage was charged at Vbat(final) = 3.713 volts. The HP battery charge voltage parameter Vch comes from the output voltage of the FC75 dc-dc buck converter the parameter Vo(conv.) is expressed as Vo(conv.) = Vch. The purpose of using the FC75 dc-dc buck converter is to electronically convert the lower Vo(conv.) charger voltage (buck) to the larger Vi(conv.) input voltage to control the HP battery charger output power equal to the input power. The results of the research on controlling the output power of the HP battery charger of Po(conv.) = Pi(conv.) = 0.579 watts, there was an increase in the final charger voltage Vokonv.(final) along with the increase in the final HP battery voltage Vbat(final) being charged. The increase in the final charger voltage reaches Vokonv.(final) = Vbat(final) = 3.713 volts, the final charger current becomes Ich(final) = 0.156 A and remains towards the HP battery during charging with a difference in the decrease in charger current towards the HP battery of ∆Ich = 0.009 A relatively small is still profitable, because it avoids back current to the charger voltage.

Design of actuator motor acceleration model in dual axis tracker movement for stand-alone PV system

Stand-alone photovoltaic system or PV is a power generation technology with potential that is environmentally friendly and also one of the solutions for saving high electricity rates today. However, problems that often occur due to weather fluctuations that are always changing, especially North Sumatra, Indonesia result in the conversion produced by solar cells not being optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to do a new model with a dual tracker system and the development of accelerator motor actuators so that the resulting energy conversion is more optimal. The result of optimizing the reliability of the polycrystalline type solar panel which is designed with an additional photovoltaic tracker system to maximize the conversion of solar energy to solar panels is to obtain an output power of 303.72 volts DC and 267.52 volts DC in the position where the tracker is not used. Then the percentage increase in energy reached 29.80%. Dual axis tracker technology is able to maximize energy conversion in improving PV usage performance. The implementation of a stand-alone PV system will be beneficial if the installation is in Indonesian territory, especially in disadvantaged, frontier and outermost areas.

Rancang Bangun Generator Termoelektrik Dengan Metode Efek Seebeck Sebagai Alternatif Pembangkit Energi Listrtik

One of the alternative technologies for generating electrical energy is a thermoelectric generator using the Seebeck effect method. This study aims to determine the effect of measuring angles and distances on the value of the Seebeck coefficient. This design consists of six peltier type TEC1-12706 in series and parallel, two digital multimeters to read voltage and current given a 10 ohm resistor, two DS18B20 sensors. waterproof to read the temperature from both sides of the thermoelectric with an aluminum plate on the hot side and a heatsink equipped with a 12 volt dc fan on the cold side, 20 x 4 character LCD, SD card module, RTC module and Arduino UNO R3 microcontroller. Tool temperature is made to get the comparison results obtained with an average error value with a range of 200C -100 0C of 1.330C sensor 1 and 1.150C sensor 2 and seen from the standard error value of the statistical test comparison of measuring instruments is 0.04 and 0.06. The design that has been made uses the Arduino IDE program to program and display data on the LCD and the RTC and SD card modules are used to display data in real time and store temperature data in the form of a notepad. Based on measurements of the thermoelectric output value with an angle of 600,900,1200,1500 and 1800 and distances of 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm using the heat source of the ironing elements positioned from the top, bottom and sides. The thermoelectric can produce a voltage of 0.22910 V and a current of 0.01238 A. The heater position from the side is connected in series and 0.05450 V, the current is 0.00261 A from the bottom in parallel which is obtained from the best angle of 600 at adistance of 5 cm.

SCADA implementation in microhydro power plant control and monitoring systems of screw turbine type

Screw turbine-type micro-hydro power plants are still controlled manually by humans when there is a change in the electrical load on the generator output. If there is a change in the electrical load, the generator output voltage will change, thus affecting the rotation of the turbine being used. In this case, humans are needed to manually regulate the flow of water entering the turbine to maintain the stability of the generator output voltage by controlling the sluice gate. The water discharge entering the screw turbine will rotate the generator through a belt/gearbox pulley transmission, thus producing an electrical voltage at the generator output. To maintain the stability of the generator output voltage, it is necessary to control the water discharge entering the screw turbine. The expected goal of this research is to design a control system for a screw turbine type microhydro power plant to stabilize the generator output voltage and monitor the output of a screw turbine type generator using a SCADA (Supervisory Control, and Data Aquisition) system. The method used is the research and development method, namely the system design stage based on secondary data that has been collected, where the system design includes hardware design and software design, followed by making hardware such as control panels and devices. Software, which includes display design and leader diagrams and testing, is carried out by testing the system on software, hardware, and overall system testing. From the results of the discussion and analysis, the screw turbine type microhydro power plant control design system was created, a load control system consisting of 6 groups and sluice gate opening control that uses an ultrasonic sensor to determine the water level. With the results of controlling the sluice gate at a door opening of 30 mm, the generator voltage is 18.42 Volts DC, DC current is 0.0 Ampere at a load of 0 watts, when the load is 30 watts the generator voltage decreases by 18.40 volts, current is 1.37 Ampere. Through the on-line monitoring system, electrical parameters are obtained which are displayed on the SCADA system by looking in real-time at the history of DC voltage and DC current, DC power, and DC energy generated by the screw turbine-type DC generator. The voltage read is 18. 57 volts, current 1.37 Amperes, DC electrical power is 25.4 watts with a DC light load of 30 watts.

PENGARUH RASIO PULLEY TERHADAP BEBAN MAKSIMAL PEMAKAIAN MESIN LISTRIK PORTABEL RAMAH LINGKUNGAN

Abstract -- Population growth can trigger an increase in the need for electrical energy, but this is not balanced with an increase in the supply of electricity, where the installed power capacity is fixed, while the needs of the community continue to increase and various supporting activities. Such conditions encourage the search and study of the use of new energy sources, which are renewable, environmentally friendly, and environmentally friendly which aim to produce electricity without any assistance from BBM and are expected to provide convenience in obtaining electricity. , by utilizing a 12 volt, 75 Ah battery / battery, a 12 volt dc alternator equipped with an inverter with a voltage of 1500 watts to convert DC current to AC, 500 watt ac driving dynamo, pulley with a ratio of 1,333 : 1 inch. The test was carried out with a variation of the pulley ratio of 1,333 : 1 inch, the maximum load material tested was using a 50 watt, 100 watt, 200 watt, 250 watt, 300 watt, 350 watt, 380 watt light bulb. Based on the test data using the maximum load with a pulley ratio of 1,333: 1 inch for 380 watts, the voltage drop can reach 11.4 volts more than the maximum load the portable electric machine does not work optimally. This causes the alternator to not be able to issue an electric voltage of more than 12 volts for the battery charging process, so that the inventor cannot work properly which results in a low inverter output voltage unable to provide electric current to the propulsion motor.

Powering of IOTs through single jersey wearable tribo-electric nano generator

A simple, lightweight, and easy to develop Single Jersey Wearable Tribo-Electric Nano Generators (SJ-WTENG) were constructed using Cotton and Acrylic fabrics (Triboelectric series materials). Fabrics were also coated with Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (13 nm) to increase the electrical conductance of the samples. Compression and Vertical contact-separation modes were adopted for studying the performance of the developed samples. Along with a Single WTENG sample, the outputs of two samples connected in series were also measured. To study the effect of developed Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticle coating, non-coated fabrics WTENGs were also constructed and tested. The maximum voltage reached with the Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticle-coated SJ-WTENG samples was a time-varying signal of 7.68 volts peak to peak volts with an approximate frequency of 50.5 Hertz. A shotky diode-based full bridge rectifier was used to get the DC voltage. The rectified DC signal was observed to be 5 volts which was enough to light up an LED with a threshold voltage of 1.7 volts DC as well as charge 3.7 volts, 3.6Ah Li-ion battery pack. Results confirmed that the application of Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles was useful in augmenting the output of the proposed SJ-WTENG design. The proposed system can be used to power the battery powered IOT (Internet of Things) devices, widely used in medical and body sensor network applications.

Automated Digital Wind Instrument using Arduino UNO Microcontroller

Recently, Blackstar Amplification Ltd. has introduced a Compact Carry-On Digital Wind Instrument (CDWI), mirroring the design of traditional recorder instruments in their size and shape. This CDWI can be played as a traditional wind instrument by blowing into the mouthpiece and simultaneously manipulating finger holes, enabling the production of desired musical notes. The main aim of this research work is the development of a prototype model to automate the CDWI, by utilizing the Arduino UNO microcontroller board and introducing the Automated Digital Wind Instrument (ADWI). The CDWI has a mouthpiece, nine finger holes, and one thumb hole, and the blowing mechanism can be automated by using a 12 Volts DC air blower and a servo valve. The author ingeniously develops a new servo valve using a plastic syringe, a ball, and a 5 Volts DC micro servo motor to regulate the air pressure blown into the mouthpiece. The ADWI fingers are meticulously crafted using plastic pen barrels, thrust tubes, and metallic springs to simulate the actions of a human music player's fingers. Positioned to maintain all finger holes in an open state by default, the selective closing of specific holes is achieved by ten micro servo motors to produce a specific musical note. In a preliminary test, the ADWI prototype is programmed to perform the Nursery Rhyme "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." While evaluating the sound output by hearing, it is evident that the proposed ADWI effectively generates all the necessary musical notes. However, the noise generated by the air blower and micro servo motors introduces interference, impacting the clarity of the produced musical notes. Consequently, it is planned to integrate a noise reduction mechanism as part of future work.

Design and Development of a Portable Water Ionizer Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) with Battery Utilization and Portability Capability

A portable water ionizer has been successfully developed as an innovative solution to provide healthy and high-quality water conveniently while traveling. The device utilizes six 18650 lithium-ion batteries connected in series with a maximum voltage of 25.2 Volt DC and a current capacity of 1500 mAh as the main power source for the water electrolysis process. Additionally, two 8.4 Volt DC batteries are used to power the microcontroller and sensors. The total power required for the entire device is approximately 13.274 Watt, allowing the device to operate for approximately 3 hours. Portability testing was conducted through a questionnaire involving the participation of 22 respondents. The majority of respondents, 15 out of 22, stated that the device is easy to carry while traveling and demonstrates good portability. This can be attributed to its compact dimensions (17 cm x 13 cm x 37 cm) and relatively light weight (1.5 kg in dry condition and 2.5 kg in water-filled condition). Another advantage of the device is its ability to operate without a connection to household electricity, making it a practical and portable option for users to carry while traveling. The positive results of the portability testing confirm that the portable water ionizer successfully meets the desired portability standards. With its easy-to-carry design, the device can be an efficient and convenient solution for individuals who travel frequently and prioritize the quality of the water they consume.

Single Phase Inverter Design for Solar Panel Output Voltage

Inverter is a devices that functions to convert DC input voltage to AC. One technique for optimizing the inveter output is SPWM. In this final project, a single–phase SPWM inverter with bipolar SPWM switching is designed. This inverter has 1 phase H-Bridge spesifications, with IGBT components, resistors, warehouse and inductors where there are 4 MOSFETs that can be connected. By carrying out 3 test with different sources for a 244.44 volt DC source it produces 0,47 % harmonic, a variable DC source produces 54,81 % harmonics and for a PV sources 9,91 % harmonics. Of the three test, the largest harmonic value is by using a variable DC source. Large harmonic can affect the shape of the wave to be non-sine and the wave has lots of ripples. This simulation aims to facilitate the design of real inverter devices.

Dual Outputs Switch Mode Power Supply (DOSMPS) Utilizing Forward Converter Topology

Experimental works of dual, 5 volt DC outputs switch mode power supply (DOSMPS) is presented in this paper. To design, construct and evaluate the DOSMPS using forward converter topology are the objectives of this article. In this work, a 556 timer was picked as the pulse width modulator. The 556 timer was picked because it is widely used, cheap and capable of producing stable dual pulse width modulations. Since, this work targeted dual DC outputs, two forward converter circuits were built. However, switching frequencies at two transistors were controlled by only one 556 timer. The complete circuit of the DOSMPS consist of full bridge rectifier, smoothing capacitor, two high frequency transformers and two forward converter circuits. At the first stage of this work, the DOSMPS circuit was designed using Proteus software. Later, the complete DOSMPS circuit was constructed on two breadbroads after all of the electronic components and devices were available. Important parameters such as the input and output voltages and duty cycles were measured using digital oscilloscope and multimeter. Results from these measurements have shown that the designed circuit can convert single-phase 24 Vrms 50 Hz AC voltage input into dual and stable 5±0.1 V DC outputs. Also from this work, it was observed that, pulsed DC voltages with peak value of 2 V and frequency less than 20 kHz are sufficient in controlling the switching frequencies of both BJT transistors. This allows the regulation of the output voltage within the desired range. Analysis carried out after the measurements has shown close correlation between the theoretical and experimental results, where the calculated and measured switching frequencies had only deviated by 1.1%.

Fractional fuzzy PI controller using particle swarm optimization to improve power factor by boost converter

The power circuit of AC voltage controller capable of operating at a leading, lagging, and unity power factor is studied by a lot of researchers in the literature. Circuits working with high switching frequency are known as power factor correctors (PFCs). The single-phase boost converter has become the most popular topology for power factor correction (PFC) in general purpose power supplies. Power factor correction circuit provides conventional benefits to electric power systems. The benefits are the reduction of power factor penalty and utility bill and power loss. Therefore, a boost converter power factor correction scheme is presented in this paper. A PI, fuzzy logic PI and fractional order PI (FOPI) controllers are used to fix an active shaping of input current of the circuit and to improve the power factor. The controller parameters (coefficients) are optimized using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Average current mode control (ACMC) method is used in the circuit. The converter circuit consists of a single-phase bridge rectifier, boost converter, transformer and load. A mathematical model of the plant is required to design the PI controller. A model for power factor correction circuit is formed in MATLAB/Simulink toolbox and a filter is designed to reduce THD value. The proposed model is simulated using a combination of PI, fuzzy logic and FOPI controllers. The control scheme is applied to 600 Watt PFC boost converter to get 400 Volt DC output voltage and 0.99 power factor. The input voltage is 230 VRMS with 50 Hz. The combination of FOPI and PI controller has the best solution to control the power factor according to PI and fuzzy controllers.

ANALISIS QUALITY OF SERVICE PADA SISTEM MONITORING KULKAS DUA PINTU MENGGUNAKAN KAMERA USBWEBCAM BERBASIS ANDROID

The high level of public consumption in the field of technology encourages innovations made in the refrigerator so that it can be monitored remotely. This study aims to monitor the inside of the refrigerator by streaming and with color video quality and measuring network performance from the motion application on the Raspberry pi to the client. This system uses one camera usbwebcam and one lamp with an input voltage of 5 volts DC connected to the Raspberry Pi 3B. The software used to configure the camera is motion while controlling the lights uses the php language stored in the Raspberry Pi 3B. The application on Android has a display of both camera data, buttons light control, and graphical information from the MQ135, MQ136, and MQ137 sensors. Network quality based on 4 QoS parameters, namely throughput, delay, jitter, and packet loss in 3 conditions can be categorized as good based on the TIPHON standard. Thevalue is throughput 119kbps to 200kbps, thevalue is delay 25.56ms to 39.26ms, thevalue is jitter 50.36ms to 77.46ms and the packet loss value is 0% to 11.1%. Thevalues are throughput, delay, and jitter affected by the light captured by the camera, while packet loss is not affected by light and temperature in the refrigerator.

Low-Cost Ventilator With Variable BPM and Oximeter

Abstract: This paper considers a low-cost ventilator that is based on a manual resuscitator bag (Ambu bag) to pump air into the lung of a patient who is physically unable to breathe. To maintain the pressure of oxygen level to improve the patients breathing by regulating the flow of oxygen in the lungs as an intensive therapy. A contradictory motion is used by a ventilator to inflate the lungs by pumping type motion. The ventilator functions while not a human operator because it delivers breaths through the compression of an associate degree orthodox bag-valve mask. It satisfies its energy wants from an electrical motor having a battery power of three to twelve volts DC. Different functions got to be performed for the aim of ventilation i.e. pressure and needed range of breaths per minute are managed by a simple-to-use input board comprising of buttons. Adjust the time duration for inhalation to exhalation ratio. The low-cost ventilator design oxygen sensor and pressure sensor controlled by the microcontroller. This project work on a mechanical method to provide oxygen to the patient. This project gives comfortable treatment to the patient, and monitors and controls the pressure of oxygen level.

Construction of a 12V Standalone Solar Powered DC fan for Solar Energy Utilization

This project was embarked on construction of a 12 volts standalone solar powered DC fan for solar energy utilization using constructed DC fan, solar photovoltaic panel illuminated by solar radiation, 12 volts DC battery and connectors. After construction of DC fan, measurements were carried out using 25 volts adjustable DC regulated power supply system to feed in variable voltage and determine the output voltage and the speed of fan at different distance using hand held anemometer. The rate of blowing air of air determined at different input voltage and distance determines its performance ability. Therefore, the performance ability of DC fan determined upholds its utilization at home and office, both in urban and rural areas where grid electricity is not regular or unavailable.

Design of a Batik Coloring Waste Treatment Tool Using the Electrocoagulation Method with a Capacity of 50 Liters

Batik coloring still uses synthetic dyes, so the disposal of coloring waste should not be careless. Most batik craftsmen process their batik waste by settling the waste liquid for a long time. The process is very ineffective. The purpose of this research is to design a batik processing tool that is cheap and effective. The research method uses the electrocoagulation method. The electrocoagulation method is an electrochemical water treatment. The design of this batik waste treatment tool consists of five parts including: (1) Electrocoagulation Tub, (2) Skimmer, (3) Electrode, (4) Sand Filter, and (5) Studge Drying Bed. This tool works with 900 watts of power with an output of 20-40 volts DC. The capacity of liquid waste is 50 liters. Duration of waste treatment for 2 hours. The electrocoagulation method is able to reduce the values of BOD5, COD, TSS, and TDS in batik dye waste. The pH of wastewater which is still high can be reduced by giving alum.

Waste-derived Ni/C composite material for supercapacitor applications

Ni/C composite was generated from waste engine oil (WEO) using plasma heat decomposition. A detergent containing Ni(OH)2 was used to emulsify the waste oil. The burdened emulsion was drizzled on an electric plasma formed by connecting two carbon electrodes to a 70–80 Ampere and 28 Volt DC main supply. Ni-doped carbon fumes were trapped on a polymeric film dampened with synthetic adhesive, to adhere the deposit. XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, EDX, TEM, and Raman techniques were used to characterize the obtained deposit. Ni nanoparticles were dispersed over mesoporous carbon flakes with moderate surface area (8.002 m2 g−1) and showed good capacitance characteristics. Its specific capacitance reached 296 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 and maintained 90 % of its initial capacity after 2000 charge/discharge cycles. The composite's high performance qualifies it as a promising affordable energy storage material.

Design of Pesticide Sprayers and Solar Lawn Mowers

Pesticide sprayer for farmers is a tool that is needed for farmers in the fields and in the fields until now, but in its use, farmers still feel complaints about the use of pesticide sprayers that still use the manual method. these complaints are tools that are less ergonomic and are still outdated and also when farmers want to cut grass sometimes it is very complicated to carry sickles and also when cutting grass. The purpose of this research is to assemble a pesticide sprayer and lawn mower with appropriate solar energy. with farmers' needs and to find out how efficient this tool is for farmers. The result of this study is a modified working system, especially for pesticide sprayers, where a 12 Volt DC motor as a substitute for human power and a lawn mower also uses a 12 Volt DC motor as a blade driver and for power uses solar energy which requires solar cells or solar panels and then stored into Battre or battery . The total cost of making this tool is around IDR 700,000.00

Pemanfaatan Energi Matahari pada Solar Panel untuk Penerangan Jalan dan Jalur Hijau Di RW 12 Desa Landungsari

To assist residents of RW 12 Desa Landungsari in supporting village facilities and infrastructure, especially the problem ofstreet lighting. Where to apply to the related agency is not possible because it is only a rural area, so it is necessary to have the self-helpof the residents in lighting up their area at night. This lighting will use solar cells as an energy source with a capacity of 50 Wp Off Gridsystem with a load of 12 Volt DC LED lights. This is because solar energy is a large enough energy available and is environmentally friendly.This research activity also includes community education on the importance of using solar energy as a source of electrical energy. Basedon field testing, the average solar panel output voltage is 17 volts, the maximum charging current is 2.6 A and a load power of 30 wattsconsists of several LED lights.

The effect of using a fried rice machine on product effectiveness and productivity

In general, fried rice is a dish that is popular with the public, conventionally prepared using a set of conventional equipment with problems: (1) its operation requires a lot of physical effort, is tiring and sweaty, not intensive, (2) the equipment is relatively unhygienic, the quality of the results is less stable. The SEGORO fried rice-making machine is the solution to this problem. The SEGORO fried rice unit consists of: a set of heaters with gas energy, equipped with an electric fire starter, a 12 Volt DC motor that drives the stirrer and rotates the Wok, equipped with a relevant wok, equipped with a gas handle valve. Analysis results: (1) one processing batch for 15-20 portions; (2) processing time from 12 minutes to 7 minutes, productivity increased up to 2x; (3) conventionally workers work tiringly and produce a lot of sweat. ‘SEGORO’ fried rice machine, equipped with an electric stirrer motor and Wok turning motor does not require high physical effort, and is not tiring. In conclusion, the Segoro fried rice machine uses little electricity, low voltage, saves gas and physical energy, its operation is driven by a stirrer motor, and is equipped with a wok turning motor whose speed can be adjusted. The Segoro fried rice machine is made from stainless steel 304, it is more hygienic and meets food-grade standards, and the quality of the processed product is more stable.