Vologda Region Research Articles

The effect of a microbiological product based on <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> on barley growth and productivity in the Vologda region

The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the experimental microbiological product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’, developed on the basis of live bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri, on barley growth and productivity in the Vologda region. The study was carried out during the vegetation periods of 2019, 2020 and 2022 on the experimental field of the FSBIS «Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», as well as in production conditions on the fields of the APC Collective farm «Peredovoy» (Vologda Region). The product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’ was applied twice, when the seeds of the experimental group were soaked in the working solution (1 ml of the product per 1 liter of water) and the phyllosphere of the plants was sprayed in the tillering phase. Tap water was used as control. As a result, there has been identified an increase in the potential energy supply of barley. The area of an individual leaf of experimental plants exceeded the control by 16 %, and the content of the total chlorophylls (a+b) exceeded by 34–42 %, which contributed to a more active accumulation of dry mass of experimental plants in comparison with the control (duringthe action of the product there was an increase in the dry weight of the plant by 12–65 % relative to the control). The changes in the plant growth processes also affected the grain productivity, which increased by 8–26 % in the variants with the product compared to the control. The results of the production experiment, in general, turned out to be like the results of small-plot experiments. Thus, in the conditions of real management, grain productivity of the barley variety ‘Sonet’ increased by 14 % with the use of the product ‘Naturost-Aktiv’ relative to the control. Grain productivity improvement was associated both with an increase in the number of productive shoots and with an increase in the weight of an individual grain.

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF INCOMPLETE SENTENCES TO STUDY THE TERRITORIAL IDENTITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN

Territorial identity, as a basic element of securing youth in their native region, acts as a factor in the economic security and stability of the region. In the context of high migration activity of school graduates from medium and small towns in Russia, an urgent task is to identify markers of territorial identity, elements of schoolchildren's emotional attachment to the territory of residence. The method of unfinished sentences is one of the effective methods for identifying the emotional and cognitive component of territorial identity. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of using this method. The results of its application to study the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the reasons for leaving the city by students of the city of Cherepovets, one of the centers of the metallurgical and chemical industry of the North-West of Russia in the Vologda region, are presented. To identify the level of territorial identity of schoolchildren, the author's method was used. Information collection method: a survey of students in grades 9-11 of general education schools in Cherepovets, conducted in April 2022.
 Using the method of unfinished sentences, it was determined that the industrial specificity of the city is the main cluster of the cognitive and value component of the territorial identity. Developed industry seems to be the dominant factor both in the main advantages declared by students (jobs, high salaries) and in the shortcomings of the city (environmentally unfavorable situation, specificity of jobs). Identification with historical heritage is weakly expressed. An important factor in positive identification is the assessment of infrastructure and cultural leisure opportunities. The main limitations in the formation of territorial identity among schoolchildren in an industrial city are often associated with a narrow perception of the city, a developed stereotypical idea of it as a city with a low level of prospects and self-realization. Identification with the historical past is poorly presented and the underestimation of socio-economic development is clearly expressed.

Chronology and problems of the evolution of HIV infection in the Vologda Region in the structure of the North-West of the Russian Federation

Aim. To determine the general patterns and distinctive features of the formation of the HIV epidemic in chronology in various administrative territories of the Vologda Region.Materials and methods. The data of the epidemiological survey maps of HIV infection foci, reports «Causes of mortality of HIV-infected», statistical observations were analyzed: form No. 61 «Information on the contingent of HIV-infected patients», form No. 4 of the Federal State Statistical Observation, forms of the Vologda Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, materials of the North-Western District Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS. Dynamic monitoring of the HIV epidemic in the Vologda Region (since 1995) and evaluation of the effectiveness of the national project to combat HIV infections were carried out.Results and discussion. On the territory of the Vologda Region, the trend of stability of the indicator of HIV infection remains. The prevalence of the population is increasing, accompanied by the identification of patients at late stages with the manifestation of secondary diseases. In the region, the HIV epidemic corresponds to the main trends of the epidemic process in the North-Western Federal District (NWFD) with some differences. The dominant transmission routes are parenteral (39.9% in 2021) and heterosexual. Over the past 5 years, there has been an upward trend in homosexual transmission of infection among men who have sex with a men (MSM), the share of which increased in 2021 by 2 times compared to 2017 and amounted to 3.1%. The detection rate in 2021, calculated for 100 thousand surveyed, in the Vologda Region was 111.3 (in the NWFD — 160.1). The highest detection rate of HIV infection was observed among MSM — 14.3% (in the NWFD — 4.1%), among injecting drug users (IDUs) — 1.0% (in the NWFD — 1.1%), among persons in prison — 1.8% (in the NWFD — 1.8%). One of the main causes of death in HIV-infected patients is the late detection of the disease and the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). During the entire period of observation, the epidemic was most intense in Cherepovets and Vologda, since 2000 there has been a gradual spread of infection with involvement in the process in rural areas.Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate the importance of implementing different models of the main stages of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of people in urban and rural areas, which is included in the developing concept of personalized HIV medicine. It is necessary to carry out additional measures for the active identification and registration of dispensary patients, the formation of adherence to dispensary monitoring and therapy, the timely appointment of ART, the introduction of new approaches to providing medical care to HIV-infected patients in the districts of the region.

Analysis of the quality and content of mycotoxins in feed harvested in the Vologda region

Due to the fact that the quality indicators of feed, affecting the quantitative, qualitative indicators of productivity and economic efficiency of dairy farming of agricultural enterprises as a whole underlie the development of a ration system for dairy cows, this determines the relevance of conducting analytical testing of harvested feed. The purpose of the work was to analyze the quality and content of mycotoxins in feed harvested in the Vologda region. The average nutritional value and chemical composition of the best feed harvested in 2022 have been presented. An analysis of the quality and content of mycotoxins in feed was carried out. Samples of the taken feed samples were received for analysis from agricultural enterprises in the Vologda region and were tested in the laboratories of the collective use center of the North-Western Research Institute of Dairy and Grassland Farming named after A. S. Emelyanov. Research has established that for certain parameters characterizing the value of feed, such as the content of neutral detergent and acid detergent fi ber, there are deviations from the recommended values by State National Standard. Data on the content of mycotoxins in feed samples showed a favorable result, which positively characterizes the safety of the harvested feed. Analysis of the quality and content of mycotoxins in feed harvested in the Vologda region in 2021–2022 taking into account ensuring the productivity of the dairy herd in the region indicated the need to improve the feed production systems used in the Vologda region, meeting the requirements of detailed feeding of highly productive dairy cows.

On the improvement of fishing rules relevant for waterbodies of the Vologda region

On the improvement of fishing rules relevant for waterbodies of the Vologda region

Sociocultural differentiation of manifestations of youth communicative competence

The communicative competence of youth is considered from the standpoint of phenomenology, social reality, when the intersubjective interactions of actors determine the subjective picture of ideas about communication that is emerging in the mind. The key role of the processes of meaning formation in social communication and communicative competence is noted. The formation of personal and socio-cultural meanings of communication involves knowledge and values of communication, communication norms, communication skills and behaviors that determine the structure of communicative competence aimed at maintaining sociality and social ties. Since the formation of social reality is differentiated, and young people themselves as a social group are differentiated, the purpose of the article was to identify the links between the main differentiating features and manifestations of the communicative competence of young people. Differentiating demographic indicators are considered: gender, type of settlement, level of education, region of residence. Gender is considered as a leading differentiating feature. Measured indicators of communicative competence: meanings of communication, norms of communication, communication skills. The analysis showed the existence of links between differentiating features and manifestations of communicative competence: against the backdrop of the dominance of terminal values and their corresponding skills, combined with a focus on changing the norm of communication as the main characteristics in the structure of the communicative competence of the young people surveyed, it was revealed that rural boys and girls are more than urban, committed to stability in the norm of interaction; respondents with a complete general secondary education, as well as girls from federal centers, are the most pronounced carriers of the terminal values of communication. Young men and women of the Vologda region lead among other regions in their orientation towards the instrumental values of communication, the men of this region are the smallest in terms of the manifestation of a number of communication skills, including instrumental ones. These connections reflect both the expansion of the social reality and communicative competence of the surveyed youth due to its sociocultural differentiation, and indicate the presence of certain problems, both sociocultural and broader, which require discussion.

Копинг-стратегии матерей с детьми раннего возраста: результаты когортного мониторинга в Вологодской области

Копинг-стратегии матерей с детьми раннего возраста: результаты когортного мониторинга в Вологодской области

Organization of veterinary service in the Vologda province in the late XIX – early XX centuries (according to the documents of the State Archive of the Vologda Region)

Organization of veterinary service in the Vologda province in the late XIX – early XX centuries (according to the documents of the State Archive of the Vologda Region)

Влияние метеорологических условий на рост культур ели с закрытой корневой системой

The assessment results of the five- and seven-year-old European spruce crops growth in the Gryazovetsky district of the Vologda region, created by one- and two-year-old seedlings with a root-balled tree system with improved hereditary properties, are presented. It is noted that in the studied seven year-old crops, the proportion of spruce in the plantation composition reaches four points, and in five-year-old — from two to four points. Natural renewal of hardwoods due to timely clearing is located mainly in the inter-row spacings and, by now, does not depress cultivated plants. All the surveyed sites are characterized by a tendency to increase the annual growth of terminal shoot, as well as a decrease in the level of its fluctuation with age. The correlation ratio (η = 0,85) indicates a high dependence of the growth of the axial shoot on the year of its formation. It is shown that meteorological factors influence the growth of spruce crops created by seedlings with a root-balled tree system in the phase of their individual growth. The greatest influence is the sum of the active temperatures of the growing season, precipitation, relative humidity in May and June and the average air temperature in the daytime. At the same time, the growth of axial shoots increases with an increase in the number of days with precipitation in May, but decreases with their increase in June. A significant positive dependence of the increase was noted on the relative humidity of the air in May, however, increased humidity in June leads to a decrease in the growth of spruce crops.

Features of scientific and technological progress in the regions of the European North of Russia: A population perspective

This study contributes to and extends the theoretical and analytical foundations of the theory of the creative class, in which the population's perception of science and innovation processes is considered to be one of the key factors influencing the level of scientific and technological progress. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the transition of the domestic economy to an innovative business model is of particular importance at present, when there is an unfavorable economic situation and high geopolitical risks. In this regard, it is necessary to identify the attitude of Russian society towards science and innovation, with due consideration for regional nuances. The study hypothesizes that by understanding the nature of innovation processes, the factors influencing them, their relationships, and the interplay between individual interests and social values, it becomes possible to explain the forms and nature of the influence of communities on scientific and technological progress. The goal of the study is to analyze the perception of science and innovation by the population at the regional level. The object of the study is the population of the regions of the European North. The subject of the study is the population’s perception of science and innovation. The study relies on systems analysis and uses the core methods of socio-economic research (quantitative, qualitative, and predictive). Particular emphasis is placed on the questionnaire method; it was used to survey the population of the Vologda region, which is representative of the European North of Russia. The novelty of the study lies in the development and testing of sociological tools for assessing the population’s perspectives on the problems and prospects associated with progress in science and innovation at the regional level. Our survey results reveal that, overall, the region's population holds a positive view of national achievements in research. The results correlate with those of surveys conducted earlier on the same topic, which enables us to conclude that the perception of science and innovation by the population of the Vologda region does not differ significantly from the general opinion of Russians. However, the Vologda region's population places lower trust in national researchers and the Russian Academy of Sciences — almost 25% lower than the national average. In the final part of the article, conceptual recommendations are proposed to enhance an innovative culture and public receptivity. The outcomes of this research contribute to the advancement of economic science and provide insights into the latest tools in this sphere. They can also be used to improve population engagement in economic progress by fostering an innovative culture. Moreover, they can inform key projects in public policy.

Effect of preparation based on the bacteria <i>Lactobacillus buchneri</i> on the productivity of clover and timothy mixture

Relevance and methodology. Legume-grass mixtures are a source of complete feed for dairy cattle due to good digestibility and balance of protein, carbohydrates, amino acids and vitamins. We studied the effect of a microbiological fertilizer («Naturost-Aktiv») based on live microorganisms Lactobacillus buchneri on the productivity and nutritive value of clover and timothy grass mixture. The study was carried out by small-scale field experience in the FSBI «VolSC RAS» (Vologda region) in 2019–2022, as well as in 2021–2022 in the production conditions in the fields of LLC «Zazerkalie» (Vologda region).Results. In the small-plot experiment we showed that under the influence of the microbiological fertilizer treatment, the productivity of clover and timothy grass mixture increased by 7–39% depending on the year of vegetation; the total dry biomass collection for 4 years of the study in the experimental version exceeded the control by 16%. Evaluation of the nutritive value of the grass mixture showed that the fertilizer increased the content of fodder units in dry matter up to 10%, also the content of metabolizable energy, crude and digestible protein, sugars increased slightly and the content of fiber decreased. In the conditions of the production experiment under the influence of the microbiological fertilizer the herbafe collection increased by 10–17%, dry mass — by 9–22%. The nutritive value of the total content of fodder units in 1 kg of biomass in the experiment exceeded the control by 6%. The gross yield of fodder units from 1 hectare of the field increased by 9.6 cwt/ha under the effect of «Naturost-Aktiv».

Employment Prospects for the Population of Russia Along the Center-Periphery Axis (the Case of Vologda Region)

Employment Prospects for the Population of Russia Along the Center-Periphery Axis (the Case of Vologda Region)

Dairy cattle development prospects in the Vologda region

The article’s author determined the development trends of dairy breeds of cattle in the Vologda region based on the quantitative and qualitative traits dynamics from 2015 to 2021. According to the research results, from 2016 to 2020, the number of assessed livestock in the region stabilised, totalling 166 thousand animal units, including 76-77 thousand cows. In 2021, there is a decrease in the total number of livestock by 3.0 thousand animal units (up to 163 thousand heads), including cows - by 1.0 thousand animal units (up to 75 thousand heads). At breeding livestock farms for the analysed period, the number of animals increased by 8.27 thousand animal units. It amounted to 43.01 thousand animal units, including cows - by 3.56 thousand animal units (up to 20.49 thousand heads). In the Vologda region, the primary livestock of dairy breeds of cattle is made up of animals of the black-and-white breed - 68.46 thousand animal units, the rest of the species - from 4.47 (Holstein) to 10.62 thousand animal units (Kholmogory). The authors established for the analysed period an increase in the milk yield of cows for the Holstein breed by 1515 kg of milk (up to 9804 kg), for the Kholmogory breed - by 2147 kg (up to 7548 kg). An increase in milk yield until 2020 was revealed for the rest of the species. But in 2021, there was a decrease of 91 kg of milk for the Black-and-White breed (up to 8788 kg), 126 kg for the Yaroslavl breed (up to 6609 kg) and 222 kilograms for the Ayrshire breed. In the Vologda region, two species have high levels of milk fat: Yaroslavl - from 4.06 to 4.31% and Ayrshire - from 4.19 to 4.27%. For the Black-and-White breed, the indicators of the mass fraction of fat in the milk of cows are also at a high level - from 3.83 to 3.90%. The Black-and-White breed has the highest indicator of the mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows - from 3.21 to 3.30%, Yaroslavl - from 3.19 to 3.36 and Ayrshire - from 3.14 to 3.28%. Consequently, each breed population is characterised by its unique development of selectable traits in the region.

Accessibility of medical care in the public and private sectors of healthcare (based on the results of a sociological survey of the population of the Vologda region)

Introduction. In the Vologda region healthcare there are complex management and economic (acute shortage of doctors) and spatial (large territory, complex settlement system) restrictions on the availability of medical care. The private health sector is an alternative to the public sector, but it expands the burden of public spending. This actualizes research aimed at assessing the availability of medical care in both sectors of the industry.
 Purpose of the study. Assessment of the availability of medical care for the population of the Vologda region in the public and private sectors.
 Materials and methods. The toolkit is a questionnaire survey of the population (sample consisted of 1,500 people) conducted in the region in 2018 and 2020. The analysis is carried out by means of the distribution of respondents’ estimates, expressed in specific weights of the total amount of responses, in the comparative context of demographic and territorial groups, the public and commercial sectors of the industry. The integral index of accessibility of medical care is proposed and tested.
 Results. Respondents estimate the availability of medical care/services in private medical institutions higher than in public ones (the accessibility index (AI), in 2020 was 179.6 and 163.4, respectively). During the study period, the index increased, but the gap between sectors remained. The lowest subjective estimates of accessibility were received by medical care in rural areas (AI for the public sector — 167.8, private — 179.5) and in Cherepovets (AI accounted of, respectively, 148.1 and 151.4). The highest level of accessibility was found in small towns (AI was 177.6 and 194.8).
 Limitations. When studying the availability of medical care in the region, 1,500 questionnaires were evaluated, which represents a sufficient reference sample to solve the tasks set.
 Conclusion. The study allowed obtaining valuable results, which, along with the developed tools (in particular, the index of accessibility of medical care), are recommended to the authorities for monitoring the situation in the healthcare of the region.

Socio-psychological state of the Vologda region population in crisis periods: socio-structural characteristics

Socio-psychological state of the Vologda region population in crisis periods: socio-structural characteristics

The experimental modeling of asbestos-tempered vessels

The tradition of mixing asbestos into pottery clay originated near the deposits of this mineral on the lake Saimaa (Finland) in the 5th millennium BC. By the second half of the 4th millennium BC its area reached the Arkhangelsk and Vologda Regions of Russia in the east. The aim of the work is to review the functional hypothesis, according to which the widespread use of asbestos as an admixture is due to its advantages over other additives facilitating the process of molding and drying, preventing flaws during firing, making the vessel durable and easy to use. According to the results of our experiments on the making of vessels and model samples with asbestos it turned out that the used asbestos of the Chevzhavara deposit (tremolite-ferroactinolite) does not have such advantages. The most important problem was the dissociation of asbestos at temperatures above +700C. After such firing, the vessels were destroyed, and the asbestos itself became brittle. It can be assumed that in order to minimize losses during the firing, the ancient potters could beforehand hold the asbestos at a high temperature so that it would lose the main amount of water but keep its stability. It can be preliminarily concluded that asbestos admixture at an early stage of use did not have clear advantages over other additives. The reasons for the initial interest in asbestos as an additive could be other, e.g. socio-cultural. A special developed technology for processing asbestos, which made it possible to use its advantages, spread around the beginning of the Bronze Age and may be associated with the beginning of metalworking.

Etiology of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of calves in the conditions of farms of the Vologda region

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Aeropalynological Profile Of Cherepovets And Vologda, The Cities Of Vologda Region, Nw Russia

The article presents data on the composition and seasonal dynamics of airborne pollen in Cherepovets and Vologda. The study was carried out from April 10 to September 30, 2014 and from April 16 to August 31, 2015 in Cherepovets, and from June 3 to September 30, 2019 in Vologda. Pollen data were obtained from the Durham gravimetric samplers. Samples were collected daily. Twenty-one types of pollen have been identified, ten of which are the most common allergenic types (Alnus, Artemisia, Betula, Fraxinus, Salix, Plantago, Poaceae, Quercus, Rumex, Urtica), which account for more than 50% of all pollen that has been registered. The article contains pollen calendars showing two peaks of pollen grain quantity: spring (from last decade of April to May), summer (from the end of June to the middle of July). Betula (30%) and Asteraceae (28%) pollen dominate in the pollen spectrum. Pinus (20%), Plantago (6%) and Poaceae (5%) also play an important role in the regional spectrum. The results show the presence of allergenic pollen from different taxa throughout the study. The proportion of damaged pollen grains is approximately 2%, which corresponds to the norm in natural population in normal condition. This data can become the basis for developing recommendations for reducing the level of pollinosis in the Vologda Region.

The direction of the breeding process in a herd of Ayrshire breed cows in the conditions of the Vologda region

The direction of the breeding process in herds and populations of dairy cattle breeds based on the actual indicators and variability of the trait is one of the main factors that allows to determine the effectiveness of breeding measures. As the initial material for the research there were taken the data of breeding records (n=681) of Ayrshire breed cows of the agricultural complex "Maysky" of the Vologda region. The number of cows was distributed by generations (195 cows with the first incomplete lactation, 177 cows with the first completed lactation, 130 cows for the second lactation, 179 cows for the third lactation and older). According to the research results, the superiority of the actual indicators for the live weight of heifers in animals of modern generation in early age periods was from 28 to 39 kg. Consequently, with each new generation, animals have better development indicators, as evidenced by the indicators of variation (variability) of the live weight of heifers in the early age periods of weak and moderate Cv = 5.3 to 10.6 %, depending on generation. The reduction of the age of the first insemination of heifers to 13.4 months (-2.2 months) and the first fruitful insemination to 14.0 months (-2.1 months) in animals from full-age to the first incomplete lactation was revealed. A targeted selection of cows was carried out in the herd according to the level of milk productivity of mothers after the first lactation - the selection efficiency was 977 kg of milk, according to the highest - 456 kg. The selection of breeding bulls was carried out according to the level of productivity of the breeding stock, however, it should be noted that the intensity of selection in cows for the incomplete first (10968 kg of milk) and first lactation (10635 kg of milk) is reduced compared to cows for the second lactation (11417 kg of milk). Consequently, in herds and populations of dairy cattle breeds, in order to achieve genetic progress in productivity in the next generation, it is necessary to determine the direction of the breeding process.

An Old Believer before the Schism: A New 17th-Century Document on Elder Kapiton

In the 1960s–1970s, researchers focused on the figure of elder Kapiton when V. S. Shulgin and S. A. Zenkovsky simultaneously became interested in him. As a result, the image of an ascetic and charismatic leader formed, uniting small communities of followers around him. Of particular interest was the fact that Kapiton seemed to show some skepticism about some church practices before Patriarch Nikon’s liturgical reform. Thus, he appeared to be an “Old Believer” before the Raskol. While most of the documents about Kapiton’s activities rely on the testimonies of his opponents, the petition found in the State Archive of Vologda Region provides an exceptional opportunity to understand how his supporters perceived the elder. The petition shows that the monastery founded by Kapiton was divided into two opposing camps, the reconciliation between which was impossible. The sources created in these conditions deserve a particularly critical approach, so it is difficult to restore the ideas and practices characteristic of Kapiton on their basis.