Volitional Aspects Research Articles

게임기반학습이 신앙성숙에 미치는 영향에 대한 합의적 질적 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze the factors determining the impact of game-based learning on the spiritual maturity of Christian university students.
 Methods To achieve this, Christian university students in Daegu Metropolitan City were selected. From December 2022 to February 2023, a Minecraft-based educational program on the life of Jesus was conducted, followed by interviews. The collected data were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method.
 Results The analysis yielded three domains, 14 categories, and 35 core concepts. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, game-based learning impacted the cognitive aspects of faith maturity, including understanding of Jesus's life and ministry, geographical, historical, and sociocultural knowledge of the time of Jesus, and integrated comprehension of the Bible. Secondly, game-based learning influenced the emotional aspects of faith maturity, including feelings of gratitude towards Jesus, remorse, love, reflection on faith, and shame. Thirdly, game-based learning was found to be effective in the volitional aspects of faith maturity, such as following the life and teachings of Jesus, examining and improving one's faith life, reading the Bible, loving one's neighbor, and exploring places of faith.
 Conclusions This study confirmed that game-based learning, still in its initial stages in the field of Christian education, can become an asset to Christian education by exploring the impact it has on learners' spiritual maturity through university students who have experienced game-based learning. It is also expected to serve as basic material for expanding and developing the realm of Christian education research. Finally, the study offers suggestions and directions for follow-up research.

Verbal Encouragement Provokes Significant Increases in Maximal Volitional Dynamic Postural Sway

Limits of Stability protocols are typically target-oriented, leaving volitional aspects of control unobservable. A novel unconstrained protocol, volitional Limits of Stability (vLOS), shows high test-retest-reliability. We tested if verbal encouragement impacts this protocol. Forty healthy young adults (age 20.1 ± .9 years) performed three trials of vLoS with instructions that were agnostic to strategy or vigor, except trial three included verbal encouragement. Total sway area was used to metric the maximum volitional dynamic sway during each 1-min trial. One-way, repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant differences (F(2,117) = 41.56, p < 0.0001, η p 2 = 0.52) due to encouragement. Specifically, follow-up paired t-tests showed no difference in sway area between the first two trials (p = 0.61), while trial three was much larger than trials one and two (p < 0.0001). Significant, large increases in sway area with verbal encouragement indicate that top-down mechanisms should be considered in theories of postural control. As well, clinical utilization of novel vLOS should be careful with word selection and delivery of protocol instructions. HIGHLIGHTS Limits of Stability balance tests typically include a goal directed instruction and metrics. Dynamic postural sway should be tested in a task affording participant volitional control. A novel volitional Limits of Stability protocol has been developed. Maximal dynamic postural sway responds to motivating instructions. Psychological factors of postural sway control deserve further investigation.

Активізація конструктивних тенденцій розвитку самостійності особистості в юнацькому віці з урахуванням її гендерних особливостей

The article presents the results of the author's psychological training designed to activate constructive trends in the development of personality independence in young people, considering its gender characteristics: androgynous, feminine, masculine. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the training for the development of personal independence in young people. According to the model of implementing the system of corrective and developmental actions, the indicators of independence were subjected to input control before the psychological impact, output control after the introduction of psychological impact, and comparison of the measurement results before and after the psychological impact in the experimental and control groups of subjects. The following parameters of indirect self-esteem are analyzed: «intrinsic motivation», «independence», «decisiveness», «activity», «initiative», «responsibility», «resilience», «self-knowledge», «self-confidence», «positive self-esteem», «curiosity». The peculiarities of manifestation of indicators of volitional organization of personality are also determined. In this regard, the measurement was carried out according to such indicators of independence as «value and meaning organization of personality», «organization of activity», «determination», «perseverance», «self-control». The specifics of the manifestation of the indicator «interpersonal dependence-intrapersonal independence» before and after the application of the training program are revealed. It has been established that training for the development of personal independence in young people is an effective psychological tool for forming the most important components of independence as a systemic quality of personality: the initiative and autonomous aspects of independence; its regulatory and volitional aspects; as well as aspects related to the realization of an independent lifestyle by a person

Individualized and ecological analyses of the needs of family caregivers of older adults with dementia: The phenomenological approach

AbstractBackgroundDementia is a worldwide public health challenge. Caring for a person with dementia affects their caregivers in different ways.ObjectivesUsing an integration of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (EST), this study aimed at exploring the needs of and stress arising in family members who are caregivers of people with dementia and identifying the coping strategies these family members use in caring.MethodsUsing the purposeful sampling strategy and a blend of closed‐and‐open‐ended questions, four focus groups were conducted in four different districts. A phenomenological explanation approach was used to examine participants’ caring experience and their needs.ResultsEighty family caregivers (FCGs) of people with dementia, who are their family members, were recruited. Seeking understanding, stabilization, preparation, implementation, and adaptation are the themes that were identified for analysis. The results indicated caregiving is a demanding task, both mentally and physically.ConclusionBeing older, having a lower socioeconomic status and having lower levels of informal support were related to higher levels of care stress and poorer coping strategies in FCGs. Moreover, active service provision can be started in the early stages of caring and this should accompany with the active involvement of service in the volitional aspects of the FCGs.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ENHANCING STRESS RESISTANCE LEVELS IN ADOLESCENT CHILDREN DURING TIMES OF WAR

Relevance: The ongoing war within Ukrainian territory and the increasing prevalence of crisis phenomena in socio-political and economic processes have a significant impact on the mental well-being of individuals. Children, in particular, are experiencing heightened levels of stress due to complex social circumstances and events. The psychological effects of war on Ukrainian children, such as fear of death, concern for loved ones, and anxiety, are expected to leave lasting imprints and manifest in their adult lives. However, stress is a complex phenomenon, and its consequences are unpredictable. It may dissipate over time or give rise to various debilitating conditions such as trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, nervous breakdowns, other neurotic and mental disorders, depression, and even suicidal ideation. Professional psychological support from specialists can help address this issue and prevent potential negative consequences in the future. Objective: This study aims to review contemporary domestic and international theoretical and methodological foundations related to stress resistance in adolescent children, provide primary prevention strategies to mitigate stress among adolescent students, and foster constructive coping skills in challenging situations. Results: Through an analysis of existing theoretical and analytical studies, this work describes modern approaches to stress and stress resistance in adolescent children. It presents the findings from the psychodiagnostic phase, which explores the manifestation of stress in adolescent children. Additionally, it discusses the specificities of psychologists' work in enhancing stress resistance among adolescents. A program titled "Enhancing the Level of Stress Resistance in Adolescents" was developed to cultivate constructive coping skills among teenagers in challenging situations, particularly those occurring in military contexts. Moreover, recommendations are provided to parents for promoting stress resistance in their teenage children. Conclusions: Stress in children is a natural phenomenon, much like stress experienced by adults. It can dissipate naturally or lead to anxiety, nervous breakdowns, apathy, depression, and other related conditions. Stress resistance is a combination of personal qualities that enable individuals to withstand stressful situations, thereby avoiding negative consequences for their well-being and their environment. The components of stress resistance include psychophysiological qualities, motivation, emotional and volitional aspects, self-awareness, and intellectual capacity. Factors that trigger stress in teenagers were identified. The findings from stress assessment suggest that emotional stress is prevalent among teenagers; however, those who possess internal psychological resources or the ability to transform stressful situations into constructive search activities demonstrate greater resilience to stress. The developed and tested program for enhancing stress resistance in teenage children focuses on primary prevention and the cultivation of constructive coping skills in challenging situations. Furthermore, recommendations are provided for parents to enhance stress resistance in their teenage children, particularly in wartime conditions.

Quantitative estimation of closed cell porosity in low density ceramic composites using X-ray microtomography

X-ray Microtomography is a proven tool for phase fraction analysis of multi-phase systems, provided that each phase is adequately partitioned by some means of data processing. For porosity in materials containing low-density ceramic phases, differentiation between pores and the low-density phase(s) can be intractable due to low scattering in the low-density phase, particularly if small pores necessitate low binning. We present a novel, combined methodology for accurate porosity analysis—despite these shortcomings. A 3-stage process is proposed, consisting of (1) Signal/noise enhancement using non-local means denoising, (2) Phase segmentation using a convolutional neural network, and (3) Quantitative analysis of the resulting 3D pore metrics. This particular combination of denoising and segmentation is robust against the fragmentation of common segmentation algorithms, while avoiding the volitional aspects of model selection associated with histogram fitting. We discuss the procedure applied to ternary phase SiC–TiC-diamond composites produced by reactive spark plasma sintering with porosity spanning 2–9 vol%.

Voluntary and forced exposure to ethanol vapor produces similar escalation of alcohol drinking but differential recruitment of brain regions related to stress, habit, and reward in male rats

A major limitation of the most widely used current animal models of alcohol dependence is that they use forced exposure to ethanol including ethanol-containing liquid diet and chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor to produce clinically relevant blood alcohol levels (BAL) and addiction-like behaviors. We recently developed a novel animal model of voluntary induction of alcohol dependence using ethanol vapor self-administration (EVSA). However, it is unknown whether EVSA leads to an escalation of alcohol drinking per se, and whether such escalation is associated with neuroadaptations in brain regions related to stress, reward, and habit. To address these issues, we compared the levels of alcohol drinking during withdrawal between rats passively exposed to alcohol (CIE) or voluntarily exposed to EVSA and measured the number of Fos+ neurons during acute withdrawal (16 h) in key brain regions important for stress, reward, and habit-related processes. CIE and EVSA rats exhibited similar BAL and similar escalation of alcohol drinking and motivation for alcohol during withdrawal. Acute withdrawal from EVSA and CIE recruited a similar number of Fos+ neurons in the Central Amygdala (CeA), however, acute withdrawal from EVSA recruited a higher number of Fos+ neurons in every other brain region analyzed compared to acute withdrawal from CIE. In summary, while the behavioral measures of alcohol dependence between the voluntary (EVSA) and passive (CIE) model were similar, the recruitment of neuronal ensembles during acute withdrawal was very different. The EVSA model may be particularly useful to unveil the neuronal networks and pharmacology responsible for the voluntary induction and maintenance of alcohol dependence and may improve translational studies by providing preclinical researchers with an animal model that highlights the volitional aspects of alcohol use disorder.

Depression severity and psychosocial determinants of physical activity behavior in in-patients with major depressive disorders

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a world-wide health issue. In people with major depressive disorders approximately 68% do not reach the recommended physical activity levels. Psychosocial determinants of and implicit attitudes towards physical activity serve to explain physical activity behavior and may form the basis of interventions to promote physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine, whether psychosocial determinants and implicit attitudes towards physical activity vary according to depression severity. MethodsPhysically inactive, adult in-patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (according to ICD-10) were recruited from four Swiss psychiatric clinics. Psychosocial determinants of physical activity were assessed with seven questionnaires pertaining to motivational and volitional aspects of physical activity. Implicit attitudes towards physical activity were measured with a computer-based Single Target Implicit Association Test. ResultsIn-patients (N = 215, Mage = 41 ± 13 years, 53% female) with major depressive disorder reporting more severe (n = 52) depression symptomology exhibited less favorable psychosocial determinants for physical activity behavior (self-efficacy, negative outcome expectancies, intention, intrinsic motivation, introjected motivation, external motivation, action planning, perceived barriers, coping planning) compared to those with mild (n = 89) and moderate (n = 74) depression symptomology. Positive outcome expectancies, identified, social support and implicit attitudes towards physical activity did not vary according to depression severity. ConclusionsPsychosocial determinants of physical activity do vary according to depression severity. Attempts to promote physical activity among people with major depressive disorder should take depression severity into account when developing and delivering interventions. Trial registrationISRCTN registry, ISRCTN10469580, registered on 3rd September 2018, https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10469580.

Communicative Failures Presented in American Comedy Series Analysed from a Psycholinguistic Perspective

The paper reveals and describes the causes of communicative failures from a perspective of the intersubjective approach to communication incorporating basic assumptions of psycholinguistics. It introduces a unit of communication analysis called an intersubjective act. It is defined as an inter-action, where verbal/non-verbal communicative actions of addressers are viewed as perceptual stimuli that, coming into the focus of addressees’ attention, trigger parallel conscious/non-conscious inference processes involving cognition, volition, and affect to issue a command of a communicative and/or (immediate or postponed) social action. Inferential analysis applied in the research provides tools for the recreation of communicants’ inferential processes and allows consideration of perceptual, cognitive, affective, and volitional aspects of interaction. Inferential analysis handles American cinema discourse represented by the genre of a situation comedy that models live communication, supplying instances of communicative failures to subject to analysis. А communicative failure is viewed as an inability on the part of an addressee to make an inference or make a faulty inference in an intersubjective act. Communicative failures are identified and classified in accordance with the element of the physical or mental experience of the participants of an intersubjective act, which plays a privileged role in causing them. We distinguish between perceptual, lingua-cognitive, cognitive and affective-volitional communicative failures.

THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS

An important condition of the effective process of professional personal development is professional self-consciousness. It manifests in various forms related to the cognitive, emotional and volitional aspects of human mental activity.The educating process of professional self-consciousness is complicated and controversial. It involves many factors, the action of which can often lead to opposite consequences.The purpose of the article is a theoretical analysis of the structural components of professional self-consciousness, definition of the formational stages and evaluation criteria.Professional self-consciousness is a complex mental formation of a person, which is self-awareness of involvement in the profession, encourages professional self-realization and orients the person to active work in the professional field.We can distinguish three stages of professional self-consciousness formation: the stage of early professional self-consciousness that develops during the game (childhood), adolescent professional self-consciousness, characterized by prioritization in choosing future profession (middle and senior school age) and the stage of mature professional self-consciousness (university period, professional activity).The formation of professional self-consciousness at these stages is quite conditional because not every child has professional preferences. Every person following appropriate work can simultaneously form traits that reflect the characteristics of different stages of professional self-consciousness.We can distinguish three main criteria of different levels of professional students self-consciousness: cognitive, motivational-valued and activity-practical, which reveals the presence or absence of certain features that characterize professional self-consciousness.These criteria for assessing the levels of professional self-consciousness make possibility to establish the degree of presence of certain personality traits that are indicators of professional self-consciousness of each phenomenon component: a personʼs attitude to the profession, attitude to himself as a subject, to colleagues, to the object of labour.&#x0D; Keywords: self-consciousness; professional self-consciousness; structural components; formation system; stages of formation; self-awareness; evaluation criteria; levels of development; performance indicators.

Waving Through the Window: A Model of Volitional Social Interaction in Female Mice

BackgroundMouse models of social behavior fail to account for volitional aspects of social interaction, and current neurobiological investigation of social behavior is performed almost exclusively using C57BL/6J mice, the background strain of most transgenic mice. Here, we introduce a mouse model of operant social self-administration and choice, using a custom-made apparatus. MethodsFirst, we trained adolescent and adult female C57BL/6J and CD1 mice to self-administer palatable food pellets and then to lever press under increasing fixed-ratio response requirements for access to an age-matched female social partner. Next, we tested their motivation to seek social interaction using a progressive ratio reinforcement schedule, relapse to social seeking after social isolation, and choice between palatable food versus social interaction. We also tested social conditioned place preference in adult female CD1 and C57BL/6J mice. ResultsAdolescent and adult female mice of both strains showed similar rates of food self-administration. In contrast, CD1 mice demonstrated significantly stronger social self-administration than C57BL/6J mice under both reinforcement schedules. CD1 but not C57BL/6J mice demonstrated robust social seeking after social isolation. In the choice task, CD1 mice preferred social interaction, whereas C57BL/6J mice preferred food. CD1 but not C57BL/6J mice demonstrated robust social conditioned place preference. The strain differences were age independent. ConclusionsOur data show that CD1 mice are a better strain for studying female social reward learning. Our mouse operant social model provides a tool for research on neurobiological substrates of female social reward and disruption of social reward in psychiatric disorders using mouse-specific genetic tools.

Volitional aspects of personality formation in cadets of educational institutions of EMERCOM of Russia

Relevance. Despite a significant number of publications on volitional regulation in cadets of the institutions of higher education of EMERCOM of Russia, development of volitional regulation during training is still insufficiently studied. Conditions of training in higher education institutions of EMERCOM of Russia differ from civil educational institutions, which may determine the features of volitional regulation of behavior in cadets. In this regard, it is of interest to conduct a comparative analysis of the volitional regulation in cadets of different years and identify its features to improve organization of the educational process and professional training of future employees of the EMERCOM of Russia.Intention: To study the features of volitional regulation in cadets of institutions of higher professional education of the EMERCOM of Russia.Methodology. The study involved 100 cadets of the Academy of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia aged 17 to 22 years. The first group (n = 50) included first-year cadets, the second group (n = 50) - third-year cadets. Standardized psychodiagnostic methods were used to study the features of volitional regulation and volitional qualities of cadets. Statistical evaluation of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's F-test.Results and Discussion. Most cadets in both groups, when implementing one or another intention, tend to perform an action. Meanwhile, third-year cadets are more often guided by their current mental state. We believe this is due to the conditions of training, namely, training in educational institutions of a closed or open type. According to the comparative analysis of selfcontrol indicators, freshmen show a higher level of self-control than cadets of the third year in the emotional sphere, activity and behavior. Self-esteem of volitional qualities tended to decrease by the third year of study, while the general profile of selfesteem of volitional qualities remains similar in both groups, which is probably due to perception of difficulties in the freshmen and their motivation for social approval. In a sample of students from a civilian university, similar trends were revealed. The assessment of the variance of psychodiagnostic indicators among cadets showed their greater homogeneity among 1st year cadets than among 3rd year cadets, which is possibly due to changes in education conditions, decreased external control over students, and other reasons.Conclusion. Indicators of volitional regulation in cadets of different years differed. Recommendations are suggested for psychologists providing support for the educational process. The ways of further research are outlined to study the structure of personality volitional qualities and relationship between self-control, volitional regulation and meaning-in-life orientations.

The Existential Truth: On Personal beyond Bounds

Introduction. The article discusses the problem of a limited personal world. Its topicality is justified by a specific spiritual and historical situation in the modern world when a man and the humanity can no longer accept or follow the old-time values, which have now been undermined. Moreover, there is a necessity to have the landmarks that would aid one in orienting one’s inner world, since it is becoming ever more obvious that the reliable support is found only in the single available authentic being – the within. By reflecting on various metaphors of human psychological rigidity, the author is discussing the potentialities and traits of the inner existence free from limitations and constraints. The aim of the research is to analyze and try to discover the limitations and obstacles preventing one from implementing their individual existential projects, as well as elucidating the basic psychological mechanisms, encumbering deeper awareness of one’s own existential core. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization of the interdisciplinary literature has been undertaken. Philosophical, sociological, psychological, psychopathological as well as fiction literature has been analyzed. Out of empirical methods, observation was used to observe the phenomena of the inner life of the psychological patients with the follow-up induction and synthesis of the facts obtained. Interdisciplinary approach was used, as well as the principle of theory-practice interconnection, situation specific approach, existentialism as a methodological concept, synergetic approach. Results. Conceptions related to overcoming inner closedness and conformity are developed from existential perspective. Wholeness is understood as integrity of cognitive, emotional and volitional aspects of human psyche. Man is understood as a being that gains its wholeness and overcomes limitation on its way beyond any imposed boundaries, be it outer or inner. In this sense, existential philosophy of the German thinker and psychiatrist Karl Jaspers with his metaphor of the shell reveals itself as anthropology of vulnerability. Overcoming constrains on its way to integrity and wholeness man inevitably faces vulnerability. In this encounter he comes to a new quality of self-awareness. From this perspective man is understood as becoming, a becoming being. Discussions and Conclusions. This understanding of wholeness and integrity, and man as a vulnerable and becoming being draws our attention to the problem of the loss of the sense of being in the modern world. The sense of being is a transcendental to a subject sense of being encompassing the subject himself. These conclusions are aimed at solving the existential sort of issues within psychological consultancy sessions. That is aimed at rediscovering the ability to experience being without adapting to other’s evaluations; rediscovering the original sense of existence through the growth in awareness of oneself, other people and the world.

Parents' genetic attributions for children's eating behaviors: Relationships with beliefs, emotions, and food choice behavior

Considering genetic influences on children's eating behavior could result in reduced self-efficacy for healthy child feeding and less healthy feeding behavior among parents. Indeed, one's eating behaviors are typically thought of as the volitional aspects of weight management that one can directly control. The current study assessed parental genetic attributions for their child's eating behavior, and relationships between these attributions and self-efficacy, guilt, and feeding behaviors. Participants included 190 parents of a child between 4 and 7 years old. Parents' genetic attributions for child eating behaviors were lower than genetic attributions related to child weight. Higher genetic attributions for child eating behaviors were related to lower self-efficacy for feeding the right amounts of food, higher-calorie food choices for the child in a virtual reality-based buffet simulation, and higher levels of guilt. The current findings suggest that heightened beliefs about role of genetics in children's eating behavior is associated with maladaptive affect and behavior among parents. This should be kept in mind when considering whether, when, and how to provide information to parents highlighting the role of genetics in children's eating behavior.

OLYMPIC EDUCATION AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION: CREATIVE POTENTIAL OF INTERPLAY

Along with the positive trends in the development of modern post-industrial society, scientists also observe the negative signals and prerequisites for the future prospects of mankind. In the pedagogical space, these prerequisites are resolved in the short-term orientation to the short-term interests and wishes of the student, the support of the pattern of "rational" person and the replacement of ideals for values ​​in the formation of the outlook of the young man. According to the authors, the modern education system is more oriented towards the creation of a personality that must function optimally in the consumption society and at the same time satisfy the wishes of clients (as an area of educational services). Therefore, the vital aspects of biological development and the advancement of the younger generations are viewed more in the context of their own choice of student or student, and in the socio-anthropological plane the prerogative of health care professionals. According to the authors, to correct the marked defects, it makes sense to reproduce in the pedagogy the ideals of comprehensive harmonious development, which should become in the context of the "physicality" of man a basic evolutionary strategy. Olympic education not only represents information, historical materials and references to the achievements of prominent sports figures in society, but also appeals to the time-tested ideals of Olympism, including human development. Physical education, as an anthropological constant of pedagogical constructs in society, requires not only short-term, tactical guidelines. In today's society of excessive consumption and universal values, the young man lacks ideals related to virtues that accumulate moral, ethical and volitional aspects of education with the impulse to improve the biological nature of man and self-improvement. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the potential of the interconnection and interplay of Olympic education and physical education of students. The study is devoted to the analysis of the interrelation of the basic factors of the ancient Olympic tradition and modern ideas about the use of the potential of Olympic education in the system of physical education of student youth. The specificity of the study involves the use of philosophical, anthropological, systemic, sociocultural approaches in the context of interdisciplinary research. The polemical questions of complex subtexts concerning the ideals and values of Olympism in modern pedagogical constructs are considered. The study violated the pedagogical, philosophical, anthropological and social prerequisites for defining the broadcasting of the ideas of Olympism in the contexts of both systemic and selective approaches. The material of theoretical generalizations reveals the nature of the pedagogical effects of "Olympic education". The potential of the symbiosis of Olympic education and physical education in the context of relaying the ideals of comprehensive harmonious human development has been revealed

Young University Students' Academic Self-Regulation Profiles and Their Associated Procrastination: Autonomous Functioning Requires Self-Regulated Operations.

Students’ autonomous self-regulation requires not only self-motivation but also volition or transforming motivation into specific behavioral intentions and following through. Self-regulation includes self-motivation (i.e., goal setting, learning from mistakes) and volitional regulation (i.e., strategic decision making). Furthermore, individual differences, like trait-level perseverance, significantly influence both motivation and volition. Procrastination has been defined as a volitional self-regulation problem, which involves delaying what one had intended to do, in spite of being motivated, and regardless of anticipating adverse consequences. Thus, it is a tendency toward dysregulated behavior - which may stabilize with age - in which subpar self-regulation may lead to procrastination. As a form of dysregulation, procrastination adversely affects young people’s autonomy and well-being by limiting their personal growth. Previous research has confirmed a negative relationship between self-regulation and procrastination. However, more precision is demanded in: (a) examining the intertwined roles of motivational and volitional aspects of self-regulation for procrastination, and (b) distinguishing between different medium, and between medium and high levels of self-regulation. Consequently, it has been suggested that this could be accomplished by means of person-centered analyses, aimed at identifying distinct naturally occurring students’ self-regulation profiles. These profiles would inform differentiated pedagogical approaches to promote self-regulation strategies counteracting procrastination tendencies. We used cluster analysis to identify academic self-regulation profiles and analyze their relationships with procrastination. Participants were 994 young university students from one public and one private university in Catalonia (41.0% men, 58.4% women, and 0.5% non-binary gender). Their age ranged from 18 to 24 years (M = 19.69, SD = 1.41). Sampling method was intentional, with proportional quotas by sex, academic year, and area of knowledge. The instrument used for data collection incorporated the Short Spanish Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSSRQ), which includes four dimensions: perseverance, learning from mistakes, goal setting, and decision making; and the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS), which considers three dimensions: decisional procrastination, implemental delay and lateness. Results obtained by means of cluster analysis distinguished between high and low academic self-regulation profiles, and also between these and two different medium self-regulation profiles, each with specific emphases on particular volitional shortcomings (i.e., weaknesses in decision-making skills and perseverance). These profiles and their relations with procrastination dimensions allow a joint evaluation via structural equation modeling (SEM) to test cognitive motivational strategies (goal setting, decision making, learning from mistakes, and decisional procrastination) together with behavioral aspects (perseverance, implemental delay), considered in the constructs of academic self-regulation and pure procrastination. From this joint evaluation, guidelines are suggested for promoting autonomy among young university students to the detriment of procrastination, thereby – and in accordance with previous research – enhancing students’ well-being and growth.

Defining the entrepreneurial mindset and discussing its distinctiveness in entrepreneurship research

The entrepreneurial mindset (EMS) is an emerging concept within entrepreneurship research, but has yet to reveal its full potential. Its current understanding is still fragmented and intertwined with other concepts. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretically informed definition of EMS that is descriptively robust and conceptually distinct from other concepts. By analysing definitions and comparing EMS to other established entrepreneurship concepts we argue that EMS captures both the developmental (ability) and the volitional (willingness) aspects that allow an individual to sense and seize an opportunity. It is the combination of these two aspects that makes EMS unique and distinct from other concepts. We ultimately propose future research steps to advance the understanding of this important phenomenon across multiple contexts.

Peculiarities of physiological fitness of differently skilled football referees

The goal: comparative analysis of psycho-physiological fitness of football players and differently skilled football referees. Research materials and methods. We studied indicators of psychomotor status, the level of development of speed and volitional qualities, subject-activity and communicative aspects of temperament of 15 football players aged 19-21, with the experience of sport training from 10 to 13 years, and 25 football referees of the first rank aged 25-32, with the experience of refereeing from 5 to 9 years. We compared the outcomes to identify the trend of convergence of the level of studied indicators. Research results and discussion. The study has demonstrated that about 50% of all subjects have a medium-weak type of nervous system, but there are referees with a strong type (16%). We have revealed that football players and referees have no significant difference in the period of implementation of the audio-motor reaction. Visio-motor reaction of football players is 16.44 ± 0.45 msec, which is faster than the reaction of referees by 10.6% (p &lt;0.05). Repeated sprint ability of referees and players was not significantly different, average indicator at 40 m intervals was 5.63 sec. for referees and 5.25 sec. for players. Football referees demonstrate a very high work pace - 10.3 ± 0.32 c.u., life pace, activity, high rhythm of operations. Emotional background of players at work and in social communication was 6.0±0,59 c.u. and of 6.80 c.u. respectively, and it was twice higher than the indicators of referees (p&lt; 0.001). Vitality indicators were the same for both groups. Conclusion. Modern football requires that a referee should obtain a new, higher level of physical and psychological training. Most of the quantitative indicators of the studied parameters of players and referees did not have significant difference, while the moral-volitional and emotional components differed significantly.

Trust motivation: The self-regulatory processes underlying trust decisions

Theorizing about trust has focused predominantly on cognitive trust cues such as trustworthiness, portraying the trustor as a relatively passive observer reacting to the attributes of the other party. Using self-determination and control theories of motivation, we propose a model of trust motivation that explores the intraindividual processes involved in the volitional aspects of trust decision-making implied by the definition of trust as a willingness to be vulnerable. We distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of trust and propose a two-phase model of trust goal setting and trust regulation. Our model offers a dynamic view of the trusting process and a framework for understanding how trust cognition, affect and behavior interact over time. Furthermore, we discuss how trust goals may be altered or abandoned via a feedback loop during the trust regulation process. We conclude with a discussion of potential implications for existing theory and future research.

ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ В УМОВАХ СУСПІЛЬСТВА СПОЖИВАННЯ У СВІТЛІ ДІАЛЕКТИЧНИХ КАТЕГОРІЙ «СВОБОДА» І «НЕОБХІДНІСТЬ»

Introduction. Modern civilization both in a scientific-theoretical discourse and in an assessment by the persons not involved in science but with an active public position is endowed with such characteristics as crises, risks, dangers. At the same time, the cause of all the many crisis processes and phenomena in the modern consumer society as a product of the industrial era is bankrupting, first of all, in the field of value and motivational and volitional aspects of human activity. Now targets of all types of human activities, including health preservation, are permanently dependent on the imperatives of consumer profitability. Purpose: to investigate the specifics of the individual's health-preservation activity in a light of the dialectical categories of and necessity. Methods. Health is a complicated and multifaceted phenomenon the study of which requires a complex methodology that integrates the techniques of classical and non-classical philosophy. The methodological basis of this article is a comparative approach which made it possible to analyze the interaction of the dialectical categories and necessity in health preservation in today's consumption society. Results. In everyday life, freedom is likened to being able to make a choice. At the same time, it should be remembered that having a choice is only an outward sign of freedom. The qualitative characteristics of choice and therefore of the freedom of action in health preservation will always be determined by a number of existing opportunities and conventionalities that are grouped around knowledge about health, values, and money of a certain social entity. It is also important to take into account the important fact that in the space of consumption the freedom of choice in health-preserving activity often goes with stimulative practices on the part of manufacturers and suppliers and, as a consequence, formal health-preserving action on the part of a consumer. Conclusions. It would be too naive to think about humankind's immediate awareness of the need to create a global health-preserving paradigm based on healthy consumption. For such an optimistic development of events, modern civilization is too divergent in its socio-economic, geographical, political components. Now in Ukraine, the health-preserving activity of average consumers is carried out in the illusory freedom format provided by a wide variety of goods and services. Incompetence, dishonesty, uncontrollability in the production and quality of goods and services demonstrate the imaginableness of freedom on all matters pertaining to human health. At the same time, an objective need arises to be healthy in order to live a dignified life with creative inspiration and to raise our children with dignity. Unfortunately, today the quality of health-preserving activity of Ukrainians is exclusively in the space of their own actions and their personal responsibility.