Void Hole Research Articles

ERR-UWSN: energy-efficient and reliable routing for void hole mitigation in underwater wireless sensor networks

ERR-UWSN: energy-efficient and reliable routing for void hole mitigation in underwater wireless sensor networks

RECAR: Robust and efficient collision-avoiding routing for 3D underwater named data networking

Internet of Underwater Things (IoUT) has important application prospects in fields of both scientific research and commercial business. As a future network architecture, Named Data Networking (NDN) is starting to be applied to IoUT. Although Underwater Named Data Networking (UNDN) has unique advantages in dealing with bandwidth usage, multi-path forwarding, and node mobility, there is still no specific routing protocol for UNDN. The existing underwater routing protocols are either difficult to combine with NDN, or are limited by channel collision and redundant forwarding, especially broadcast suppression routing. In this paper, we propose a routing method named Robust and Efficient Collision-Avoiding Routing (RECAR) for 3D UNDN. RECAR consists of three combined forwarding modes: Directive Mode (DM), Directive Flooding Mode (DFM), and Flooding Mode (FM). In DFM, we propose Segmentation Suppression for Optimal Position (SSOP), an elaborate waiting time algorithm of broadcast suppression which can effectively reduce channel collisions and redundant forwarding. For DM, failure path recovery and unreliable path elimination are proposed to address failure paths. Additionally, several forwarding efficient mechanisms are designed including flexible mode shift, unified data forwarding and scope control. Simulation results show that RECAR has excellent and robust performance, even in the cases of node failure and void hole. Compared with a recent underwater routing method (adaptive location-based routing protocol), RECAR improves the average interest satisfied rate by 19.57% while reducing the request time, collisions, redundant forwarding, total traffic, and energy consumption by 19.5%, 91.7%, 71.4%, 78.4%, and 27.3%, respectively.

Energy‐Efficient Routing Algorithm for Optimizing Network Performance in Underwater Data Transmission Using Gray Wolf Optimization Algorithm

Due to the aquatic nature of communication in the underwater world, the underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) is commonly used. However, it has inherent limitations, such as limited bandwidth, high transmission energy, long propagation delays, void regions, and expensive battery replacement. Improving network lifetime (NL) is the primary objective since replacing batteries in UWSN is very expensive and challenging. NL is improved by having a high packet delivery ratio (PDR), reduced dead nodes, and reduced energy consumption (EC). If two more node batteries are depleted, they become dead nodes, causing partitions on the network and resulting in a void region problem. Void regions occur when a node has no forwarder node to forward data packets toward the sink node. Void nodes affect the routing techniques’ overall performance regarding end‐to‐end delay (EED), data loss, and EC. So, the primary objective of this work is to avoid void regions. For the same, this paper proposes a void hole detection algorithm. The algorithm selects the best next hop node based on the fitness function calculated by the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, considering only the vertical directions despite horizontal directions, further reducing the EED. The proposed approach is simulated using MATLAB, and the evaluation is based on data broadcast copies, PDR, EC, dead node number (DNN), average operational time (AOT), NL, and EED. The paper has presented a comparison with weighting depth and forwarding area division depth‐based routing (WDFAD‐DBR) routing protocol for underwater acoustic sensor network (UASN) and energy and depth variance‐based opportunistic void avoidance scheme (EDOVS) for UASN. WDFAD‐DBR avoids void holes by selecting forwarding nodes and taking the weighting sum of depth differences of two hops; in comparison, EDOVS considers not only the depth parameters but also the normalized residual energy. The proposed paper contributes to developing an energy‐efficient routing algorithm that removes void nodes by selecting the appropriate forwarder node in void regions based on the GWO algorithm. The proposed work increases the network lifetime by avoiding void regions and balancing the EC. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm gains more than 20% PDR, less EC, and 60% less broadcasted copies of data packets and has more NL than the WDFAD‐DBR, and 10% improved PDR and lesser broadcasted copies were sent than EDOVS along with the enhanced NL, by varying the transmission range the proposed algorithm showing the better performance in terms of EC, PDR, and DNN along with the values of 61.6, 0.97, and 35 (scenario node 60 and transmission range 600 m) and 64.1, 0.89, and 25, respectively, by variable network size.

Improved geographic opportunistic routing protocol for void hole elimination in underwater IoTs: Parameter tuning by TSA optimization

SummaryUnderwater IoT is incredibly helpful in monitoring a variety of jobs, from instrument monitoring to climate recording, from pollution management to natural catastrophe forecasting. Nevertheless, there exist various issues that have an impact on a network's efficiency such as the formation of void holes, excessive EC, and low PDR. As a result, the IGOR protocol is suggested in this study to increase PDR by reducing the percentage of void hole occurrence. The developed routing protocols' scalability is also examined. Here, the parameter optimization for the EC minimization and PDR maximization is performed by a meta‐heuristic optimization algorithm referred to as TSA. In order to verify that the suggested protocol is EC‐optimal by calculating the viable areas. In addition, suggested protocols are evaluated against contemporaries' benchmark routing protocols. The outcomes of the simulations clearly demonstrate that the suggested routing protocols obtained greater PDR than the current techniques. Additionally, there exists a reduction in the ratio of void hole incidence. Comparative research reveals that suggested routing protocols outperformed benchmark routing protocols by 80–81% in PDR. Further, the suggested routing procedures reduced the frequency of void holes by around 30%.

Extended multiscale isogeometric analysis for mechanical simulation of two-dimensional periodic heterogeneous materials

Periodic heterogeneous material (PHM) is widely used in the design of multi-functional composite structures. Embedded particles or void holes with smooth boundaries are common in PHM, and the simulation of such material needs novel multiscale simulation method. Thus, extended multiscale isogeometric analysis (EmsIGA) is developed for the mechanical analysis of planar PHM, particularly for heterogeneous materials with smooth inclusions or voids. The non-uniform rational B-spline basis function is used for geometrical description and also mechanical simulation of the fine-scale unit cells to obtain numerical heterogeneity function. By calculating the numerical heterogeneity function as a static basis function, the equivalent element stiffness matrix of the sub-grids in the coarse scale is obtained and the structural problem can be solved. Downscaling computation is applied to obtain the stress and strain of the structure. Numerical examples validate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed EmsIGA method in the simulation of heterogeneous structures. Compared with the results of the traditional and multi-scale finite element method, the proposed method can precisely capture the geometry and concentrated stress state of the smooth inclusions and calculate the microscopic stress and strain with improved efficiency.

Performance Analysis Using Air Gap Defected Through Silicon Via: Impact on Crosstalk and Power

In the recent past, various fabrication-related defects such as electromigration-induced open/short faults, interfacial cracks, and thermal stress-induced leakage problems in through silicon via (TSV) have a major impact on the reliability and performance of a TSV-based 3-D integrated circuit (IC). Considering these facts, this article for the first time provides the equivalent resistance-inductance-conductance-capacitance (RLGC) modeling and performance analysis of air gap-defected TSVs in comparison with defect free vertical interconnect at 7 nm technology in order to address reliability concerns. Considering different manufacturing imperfections such as air cracks and void holes, the analytical equations are derived using defective parameters to analyze the feasibility and reliability of defected TSVs. Using a driver-via-load (DVL) setup, an equivalent T-type electrical modeling of cylindrical TSV is proposed considering the impact of different forms of air-cracked defects. Therefore, the propagation delay, power dissipation, power delay product, peak noise, and dynamic crosstalk are analyzed using a carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) driver. Encouragingly, considering a partial air-cracked TSV, the peak noise is improved by 4.83% approaching toward defect-free condition.

A Reinforcement-Learning-Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol for Energy-Efficient and Void-Avoided UASNs

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have been used for various scenarios, such as marine exploration, and development of marine resources. However, due to the challenging underwater environment, UASNs suffers from high propagation delay, low transmission reliability and energy limitation, which pose significant obstacles to the delivery efficiency of data packets. What’s more, the sparse topology, the failure of node or link, and other factors can cause void holes, resulting in the considerable package retransmission and the low network reliability of UASNs. To this end, this paper proposed a reinforcement-learning-based opportunistic routing protocol (ROEVA) to reduce energy consumption as well as to improve the transmission reliability which also addresses the issue of void routing in underwater acoustic sensor networks. To seek optimal routing rules, a reward function based on reinforcement learning is proposed, where factors such as energy, delay, link quality, and depth information are all taken into account for appropriate routing decisions. Before forwarding the data packet, a two-hop availability checking function is defined, which can identify trap nodes and avoid routing holes. In addition, aiming to reduce packet redundancy and collisions, a waiting mechanism derived from opportunistic routing is proposed. According to the calculated Q-values, the waiting mechanism determines the priority list for packet forwarding. Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed ROEVA protocol outperforms HHVBF, RCAR, QELAR and GEDAR in terms of energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio (PDR), average hop count, and end-to-end delay, which are analyzed by varying the number of nodes from 100 to 500.

An Energy Efficient Optimal Path Routing (EEOPR) for Void Avoidance in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

UASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network) has intrinsic impediments, since it is utilized and utilizes acoustic signs to impart in the sea-going world. Examples include long delays in propagation, limited bandwidth, high transmitting energy costs, very high attenuation in the signal, expensive implementation and battery replacement etc. The UASN routing schemes must therefore take account of these features to achieve balance energy, prevent void hole and boost network life. One of the significant issue in routing is the presence of void node. A void node is a node that does not have any forwarder node. The presence of void may cause the bundle conveyance in the steering time which prompts information misfortune. The gap during steering influences the network execution regarding proliferation delay, vitality utilization and network lifetime, and so forth. So with the objective to remove the void node in the networks, this work presents an energy efficient optimal path routing for void avoidance in underwater acoustic sensor networks. This work uses the concept of gray wolf optimization algorithm to calculate the fitness function and that fitness function is used to select the best forwarder node in the networks. This work only consider the vertical directions which further reduces the end to end delay. The proposed work has been simulated on MATLAB and performances are evaluated in terms of broadcast copies of data, energy tax, and packet delivery ratio, number of dead nodes, network lifetime and delay.

Energy-Efficient Routing for Cooperative Multi-AUV System

Underwater robots, also known as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), are amazing machines that are becoming increasingly important in a variety of disciplines, including sea environment exploration, data collection (for climate change), industry, and the military. Wireless nodes and relay nodes are randomly distributed and incorrectly selected, leading to void holes. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for the UWSN were explored as a solution to the problem of void holes. The selection of an energy-efficient routing path that reduces the number of void holes has been presented using a neuro-fuzzy-based cluster-head selection and a k-means-based cluster creation. The creation of energy-efficient clusters is ensured by dynamic scheduling, which is also utilized to save energy. This protocol can deal with node failures in packet transmission in a timely way because of multi-hop routing. Simulated network performance is evaluated using the NS3 (AquaSim module) simulator, which includes the performance metrics such as average energy consumption, latency and packet delivery rate as well as throughput.

A Secure and Efficient Trust Model for Wireless Sensor IoTs Using Blockchain

Wireless Sensor Internet of Things (WSIoTs) face various challenges such as unreliable data communication, less cost efficiency, security issues and high energy consumption due to their deployment in hostile and unattended environments. Moreover, the node’s rapid energy dissipation due to the void holes and imbalanced network deployment has a bad impact on the network performance. To overcome the aforementioned issues, a blockchain based trust model for WSIoTs is proposed in this paper. Moreover, the Dijkstra algorithm is used to propose a routing protocol for performing efficient communication between network nodes while simultaneously avoiding void holes between ordinary sensor nodes and a sink node. Furthermore, to provide transparency in the network, all the transactions performed by the nodes are recorded in the blockchain in an immutable manner. Moreover, the Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus algorithm is used to validate and add the transactions in the blocks. Besides, a distributed platform, known as interplanetary file system, is used in WSIoTs for reliable and cost-effective storage. The simulation results show that PoA performs 13% better than proof of work consensus algorithm. The proposed routing protocol and trust model are validated in terms of gas consumption, throughput, nodes’ status and energy consumption.

Design and Experiment of the Buckwheat Hill-Drop Planter Hole Forming Device

The hole forming device is an important element of the buckwheat hill-drop planter, and its design level directly affects the seeding quality of the hill-drop planter. A hole forming device with a duckbill structure is widely used in hill-drop planters for wheat, cotton, peanuts, etc. According to the requirements of buckwheat seeding operations, this study designs the components of the duckbill hole forming device. It is determined that the duckbill upper jaw length is 65 mm, the duckbills number is 10, the pressure plate on the spring side length is 90 mm, the duckbill opening size is 8.79 mm, and the duckbill effective opening time is 0.1 s. Through co-simulation analysis of discrete element software EDEM (DEM-Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom) and multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn (FunctionBay, Inc., Seongnam-si, South Korea), it is measured that when the pressure plate on the spring side is directly below the rotation axis of the dibber wheel, the spring compression is 33.3 mm, the pressure on the pressure plate is 95–102.6 N, and the contact time of a single duckbill with the soil is 0.2 s at a speed of 40 r/min. Based on the results of the design and simulation analysis, the large end diameter, small end diameter, original length and wire diameter of the duckbill spring are 36 mm, 26 mm, 60 mm, and 1.8 mm, respectively. An experimental bench for the seeding wheel of a buckwheat hill-drop planter was built, and three wire diameter duckbill springs of 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm and 2.0 mm were tested to verify the simulation and calculation results. The experimental results show that the optimal wire diameter of the duckbill spring is 1.8 mm. Finally, a single factor experiment of the dibber wheel rotation speed was carried out. The experimental results show that when the rotation speed of the dibber wheel is 40–65 r/min, the seeding qualification rate, seeding void hole rate and seeding damage rate of the buckwheat hill-drop planter are ≥85.3%, 0, and <0.3%, respectively. This study provides a basis and reference for the hole forming device design of a buckwheat hill-drop planter.

Energy Efficient Proactive Routing Scheme for Enabling Reliable Communication in Underwater Internet of Things

The Underwater Internet of Things (UIoT) is a network of smart interconnected devices operating under various aqueous environments. In UIoT, due to aqueous feature of signal absorption, data signals are transmitted at low frequency. Similarly, significant interference and collisions degrade transmission quality, resulting in a low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and a long End-to-End (E2E) delay. Moreover, a significant amount of energy is being wasted due to the void hole problem, which arises when the source node does not identify an instant forwarder node. Thus, a reliable communication with enhanced network lifetime is highly desired in UIoT. Therefore, this work proposes a proactive energy Efficient Layer-by-Layer Watchman-based Collision Free Routing (ELW-CFR) scheme to address the above mentioned issues. The proposed scheme provides the low E2E delay and high PDR while avoiding the void hole problem. Extensive simulations have been performed to show the performance superiority of the proposed scheme against the state-of-the-art schemes.

Energy-Efficient Relay-Based Void Hole Prevention and Repair in Clustered Multi-AUV Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) enable various oceanic applications which require effective packet transmission. In this case, sparse node distribution, imbalance in terms of overall energy consumption between the different sensor nodes, dynamic network topology, and inappropriate selection of relay nodes cause void holes. Addressing this problem, we present a relay-based void hole prevention and repair (ReVOHPR) protocol by multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for UWSN. ReVOHPR is a global solution that implements different phases of operations that act mutually in order to efficiently reduce and identify void holes and trap relay nodes to avoid it. ReVOHPR adopts the following operations as ocean depth (levels)-based equal cluster formation, dynamic sleep scheduling, virtual graph-based routing, and relay-assisted void hole repair. For energy-efficient cluster forming, entropy-based eligibility ranking (E2R) is presented, which elects stable cluster heads (CHs). Then, dynamic sleep scheduling is implemented by the dynamic kernel Kalman filter (DK2F) algorithm in which sleep and active modes are based on the node’s current status. Intercluster routing is performed by maximum matching nodes that are selected by dual criteria, and also the data are transmitted to AUV. Finally, void holes are detected and repaired by the bicriteria mayfly optimization (BiCMO) algorithm. The BiCMO focuses on reducing the number of holes and data packet loss and maximizes the quality of service (QoS) and energy efficiency of the network. This protocol is timely dealing with node failures in packet transmission via multihop routing. Simulation is implemented by the NS3 (AquaSim module) simulator that evaluates the performance in the network according to the following metrics: average energy consumption, delay, packet delivery rate, and throughput. The simulation results of the proposed REVOHPR protocol comparing to the previous protocols allowed to conclude that the REVOHPR has considerable advantages. Due to the development of a new protocol with a set of phases for data transmission, energy consumption minimization, and void hole avoidance and mitigation in UWSN, the number of active nodes rate increases with the improvement in overall QoS.

Clusters and coherent voids in particle-laden wake flow

Inertial point particles suspended in a two-dimensional unsteady circular cylinder flow at Re=100 are studied by one-way coupled three-dimensional numerical simulations. The striking clustering pattern in the near-wake is strongly correlated with the periodically shed Kármán vortex cells. The particles are expelled from the vortex cores due to the centrifugal mechanism and coherent voids encompassing the local Kármán cells are therefore observed. The particle clustering at the upstream side of each void hole form a smooth edge, where the particle velocity magnitude is consistently lower than at the downstream edge of the voids. The trajectories of these particles originate from the side of the cylinder where the sign of vorticity is opposite to that of the vortex encompassed by the corresponding void hole. The particles are seen to decelerate along a substantial part of their trajectories. Particle inertia is parameterized by means of a Stokes number Sk and smooth edges around the void holes still exist when Sk is increased, although their formation is delayed due to larger inertia. Increasing inertia contributes to a decoupling of the particle acceleration from the slip velocity, which almost coincided at Sk=1.

Investigating Master-Slave Architecture for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network.

A significant increase has been observed in the use of Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) over the last few decades. However, there exist several associated challenges with UWSNs, mainly due to the nodes’ mobility, increased propagation delay, limited bandwidth, packet duplication, void holes, and Doppler/multi-path effects. To address these challenges, we propose a protocol named “An Efficient Routing Protocol based on Master–Slave Architecture for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (ERPMSA-UWSN)” that significantly contributes to optimizing energy consumption and data packet’s long-term survival. We adopt an innovative approach based on the master–slave architecture, which results in limiting the forwarders of the data packet by restricting the transmission through master nodes only. In this protocol, we suppress nodes from data packet reception except the master nodes. We perform extensive simulation and demonstrate that our proposed protocol is delay-tolerant and energy-efficient. We achieve an improvement of 13% on energy tax and 4.8% on Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), over the state-of-the-art protocol.

Void Hole Avoidance Based on Sink Mobility and Adaptive Two Hop Vector-Based Forwarding in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater Wireless Sensor Network (UWSN) accomplishes the consideration of a few scientists and academicians towards itself. Because of the brutality of the climate lies submerged represents various difficulties, i.e., high transmission delay, outstanding piece mistake rate, more expense in usage, sinks development and energy imperatives, unequal surface highlights of an area and low data transfer capacity, and so forth Void opening evasion is compulsory for to motivation behind limiting the utilization of energy and amplifying throughput and region inclusion. In this exploration work, the creator planned plans for void opening shirking initial one is, Avoiding Void Hole Adaptive Hop by Hop Vector-Based Forwarding (AVH-AHH-VBF) in submerged remote sensor organization and a second plan for limiting utilization of energy and expanding the lifetime of the organization, Sink Mobility-Adaptive Hop by Hop Vector-Based Forwarding (SM-AHH-VBF). Reproduction results show that our plans beat contrasted and standard arrangement as far as normal Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), energy charge. Our reproduction confirms the effectiveness of our proposed procedure AVH-AHH-VBF equivalents to 0.17 and SM-AHH-VBF equivalents to 0.24 regarding normal PDR, AVH-AHH-VBF equivalents to 24j and SM-AHH-VBF equivalents to 5j for the normal energy charge, AVH-AHH-VBF had a tradeoff of 63% in light of considering two jumps and SM-AHH-VBF approaches 20% tradeoff for normal start to finish.

A Robust Netrosophic Clustering Based Raven Routing Optimization to Alleviate Void Hole and Energy Depletion in IoT WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) find extensive utilisation in diverse domains, including but not limited to environmental monitoring, industrial control, and healthcare. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have a crucial function in gathering and relaying information from sensor nodes to a central node or sink in various applications. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) encounter various obstacles that can have a significant impact on their performance and lifespan. These challenges include but are not limited to limited battery life, void holes, and energy depletion.
 Several routing algorithms have been suggested in scholarly works to tackle these concerns, such as clustering-based routing, data-centric routing, and location-based routing. Nonetheless, a majority of these algorithms possess constraints and may not be appropriate for every situation.
 The present study introduces a methodology called Rncrro (Robust Netrosophic Clustering Based Raven Routing Optimisation) that aims to mitigate the issues of void holes and energy depletion in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The proposed approach utilises Netrosophic Clustering and Raven Optimisation algorithms in tandem to enhance the efficacy and resilience of the routing mechanism.
 The significance of this study is rooted in its capacity to surmount the constraints of current routing algorithms and furnish a superior and dependable resolution for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The proposed methodology has the potential to enhance the performance and longevity of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) by mitigating void holes and energy depletion. This, in turn, can result in more efficient and dependable data collection and transmission across diverse applications.

Design of spatially-varying orthotropic infill structures using multiscale topology optimization and explicit de-homogenization

Abstract This paper presents a systematic design procedure of shell-infill structures for additive manufacturing (AM). Specifically, multiscale topology optimization based on the homogenization design method is employed for the design of a structure composed of coated exterior and spatially-varying orthotropic interior. The proposed procedure consists of five sequential steps including homogenization, topology optimization, and de-homogenization processes. Through the homogenization step, the effective elasticity tensor of the orthotropic infill microstructure is prepared as a function of microstructure design variables. In the topology optimization step, microstructure design variables are optimized together with the density design variable, for the simultaneous design of the infill microstructure and coated macrostructure. Finally, a spatially-varying infill microstructure is restored using a de-homogenization process. This study proposes a practical de-homogenization scheme that restores a designed infill microstructure using the explicit geometry representation of rectangular void holes. The proposed scheme is suitable to generate a result in a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) format for AM. The effectiveness of the proposed design procedure is validated through two design examples for compliance minimization problem. In addition, designed shell-infill structures are fabricated using a multi-jet printing machine.

Void hole avoidance routing algorithm for underwater sensor networks

A communication void is one of the most serious issues in any routing techniques. This issue occurs when a node does not have any forwarder node to forward the data packets towards the sink node or surface station. The presence of a void node affects the overall performance of routing techniques in terms of end-to-end delay, data loss, energy consumption, and so on. The primary objective of this work is to avoid the void region in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). For the same purpose, this work introduces the void-hole avoidance routing algorithm for UWSNs. This work avoids horizontal transmission, which further reduces the end-to-end delay. The residual energy, depth, holding time, and distance from the sending node to the forwarding node and forwarding node to the surface station are used as a matrix to select the best forwarder node. The simulation has been done on MATLAB to analyse the performance of the proposed algorithm. The proposed routing algorithm attained better performance using the metrics, namely packet delivery delay, number of dead nodes, and energy tax with the values of 0.9147, 48, and 72.14 by varying the transmission range, and 0.9184, 38, and 71.12 by varying the network size, respectively.

Anti-sloshing effects of a vertical porous baffle in a rolling rectangular tank

The anti-sloshing effects of a vertical porous baffle placed at the center of a rolling rectangular tank have been investigated rigorously. The potential-based analytical solutions were developed using the matched eigenfunction expansion method (MEEM) with an equivalent linearized quadratic loss model. For this, the empirical formula of the drag coefficient was obtained through the curve-fitting with the CFD results for the channel flow with a circular void hole. In parallel with the analytical model, a 3D implicit turbulent model based on incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations was used with the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase model. To validate the analytical and numerical model, experiments were conducted in a rolling rectangular tank with a fully/partially submerged porous baffle of different porosities. The acceptability and limitation of the present analytical model was quantified and qualified using experimental and numerical approach. The presented analytical and 3D turbulent numerical model will provide a mutually complementary tool for the understanding of the energy dissipation mechanism and efficient design of the porous baffle as an anti-sloshing device.