Abstract
The hole forming device is an important element of the buckwheat hill-drop planter, and its design level directly affects the seeding quality of the hill-drop planter. A hole forming device with a duckbill structure is widely used in hill-drop planters for wheat, cotton, peanuts, etc. According to the requirements of buckwheat seeding operations, this study designs the components of the duckbill hole forming device. It is determined that the duckbill upper jaw length is 65 mm, the duckbills number is 10, the pressure plate on the spring side length is 90 mm, the duckbill opening size is 8.79 mm, and the duckbill effective opening time is 0.1 s. Through co-simulation analysis of discrete element software EDEM (DEM-Solutions, Edinburgh, United Kingdom) and multi-body dynamics software RecurDyn (FunctionBay, Inc., Seongnam-si, South Korea), it is measured that when the pressure plate on the spring side is directly below the rotation axis of the dibber wheel, the spring compression is 33.3 mm, the pressure on the pressure plate is 95–102.6 N, and the contact time of a single duckbill with the soil is 0.2 s at a speed of 40 r/min. Based on the results of the design and simulation analysis, the large end diameter, small end diameter, original length and wire diameter of the duckbill spring are 36 mm, 26 mm, 60 mm, and 1.8 mm, respectively. An experimental bench for the seeding wheel of a buckwheat hill-drop planter was built, and three wire diameter duckbill springs of 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm and 2.0 mm were tested to verify the simulation and calculation results. The experimental results show that the optimal wire diameter of the duckbill spring is 1.8 mm. Finally, a single factor experiment of the dibber wheel rotation speed was carried out. The experimental results show that when the rotation speed of the dibber wheel is 40–65 r/min, the seeding qualification rate, seeding void hole rate and seeding damage rate of the buckwheat hill-drop planter are ≥85.3%, 0, and <0.3%, respectively. This study provides a basis and reference for the hole forming device design of a buckwheat hill-drop planter.
Highlights
Buckwheat is a highly valuable nutritious crop [1,2], and it is an important part of coarse cereals in many countries [3,4]
Through the co-simulation of Discrete Element Method DEM and Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD, a simulation experiment was conducted on the seeding process of pneumatic seeding apparatus, which provided a theoretical basis for the field test [16]
The experimental results show that the designed buckwheat seeding apparatus is good, which meets the technical requirements of buckwheat precision seeding [17]
Summary
Buckwheat is a highly valuable nutritious crop [1,2], and it is an important part of coarse cereals in many countries [3,4]. Compared with drill seeding and broadcast seeding, hole seeding planting has the advantages of strong seedling breaking ability, fast seedling emergence, and high average yield [9], which meets the needs of precision agriculture operations It is of great significance for the buckwheat industry development to design a precise hill-drop planter with low manufacturing cost, fast sowing speed, easy popularization, and good universality. The dibber wheel is the most important structural unit of a hill-drop planter, which is mainly composed of seeding apparatus and an acupoint hole forming device. The duckbill hole forming device has a simple structure and high reliability, due to the unique shape of buckwheat seeds and the agronomic requirements of buckwheat planting, it is necessary to design a hole forming device suitable for a buckwheat hill-drop planter to improve the precision and quality of buckwheat seeding. With reference to the local standarrds ooffCChhininaa’s’sSShhaannxxi,i,ShSahaanaxnix, iG, aGnasnusuanadnodthoetrheprropvrionvciensc,etsh,etmheaimn ateinchtneicchanl ipca-l rpaamraemteertseorsf othfethbeubckuwckhweahtehatilhl-idllr-odpropplapnlatenrtearreardeedteertmerimneindeadsasshsohwonwinniTnaTbalebl1e. 1
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