Voice Phenomena Research Articles

Human Voice: Legal Protection Challenges

Focused on the phenomenon of human voice, the paper purports to develop approaches to legal protection of ordinary people's voices and those of artists as the technologies for sound synthesis, music and vocal performance are becoming more sophisticated. It was demonstrated the problem of legal protection of human voice has become especially pressing one in the context of artificial neural networks such as vocaloid designed for sound synthesis and voice cloning. The study provides a systemic arrangement of legally meaningful knowledge of human voice useful for the development of legal provisions to protect this personal good. The legal substance of vocal impersonation as a way to simulate and manipulate a synthesized voice was explored. Theoretically applicable legal constructs for protection of voice and computerized cloning technologies were analyzed. A trend to use copyright rather than patent for protecting vocaloid-like generative neural networks and other technological solutions for vocal synthesis was identified. The concept of voice was critically analyzed to propose a viable legal provision for its protection. The primary and auxiliary features of the concept of voice were parametrized for possible use in disputes on the legitimacy of voice cloning or vocal impersonation. The concept of vocal identity of ordinary people and artists was proposed for legal protection of this personal good as a set of performative sonic features including the basic parameters of singing voice as well as acoustic-phonetic and articulatory features of vocalization. A comprehensive legal and technological methodology for the protection of vocal identity was proposed.

Interpreting the Process of Play Therapy from the Essence of Play Using the Philosophical Perspective of Fusion of Horizons

<p>遊戲治療越來越受到重視，遊戲的本質包含自由、自主、創造、美以及內在語言經驗的樣貌。本文透過高達美詮釋學的視域融合，指出遊戲者與遊戲的第一層視域融合，以及遊戲者與治療師或親子遊戲治療之受訓照顧者的第二層視域融合。治療師要在兩層次視域融合中不斷的貼近、對話及循環，以協助遊戲者在接觸當下時間的意識流中，形成一個帶著過去及未來經驗流的意義，從而達到遊戲治療的目的。在治療的視域融合中，建議作法為：（1）治療師勿過度把自己的創造及自主性放入遊戲，使遊戲者自由及創造力被壓抑；（2）若讓遊戲者在遊戲中擁有無限上綱的自由度，會使視域融合失去對話的空間；（3）讓遊戲者能被允許有容錯容亂的空間；（4）讓遊戲場域有冒險空間，培養遊戲者積極的感覺，表達出原不為人所知的情感路徑。透過視域融合機制，讓遊戲者在遊戲場域開放自己，經歷自主性的自由，貼近內在語言、探索情緒，進而達到視域融合的開放性。遊戲治療存在的多元理論與實務運作，治療師應持開放但保留的態度，反思自己的位置，及審視自己的習慣，而採納有限的觀點與做法，謙卑地開啟未來遊戲治療的更多可能、方式及知識的開展。</p> <p> </p><p>Play is one of the important assets to mankind. The essence of play characteristic includes freedom, autonomy, creativity, beauty, and image that show human inner language experiences. Through Gundam’s interpretation of the theory of knowledge, the fusion of horizons, the article builds two levels of fusion of horizons models: the first-level fusion of horizons model between the player and the play field, and the second-level model between the player and the therapist or the trained companion. In the process of both fusion of horizons models, continuous closeness, and dialogue and circulation, play therapy has formed a meaningful healing ability with the stream of consciousness that exists in the present time along with the past and future experience streams, and achieves the purpose of play therapy goals. The therapist should handle cautiously during the process of play therapy. In order to make the therapy process meaningful, some suggestions from the article are summarized as follows: (1) The therapist should be careful not to put their own creativity and autonomy into the game too much, so that the players themselves can play freely and creativity won’t be suppressed in the game; (2) The unlimited degree of freedom in the game makes the vision of the therapist and the child merge into an invalid dialogue; (3) Allow players a space where errors and disarray are permissible ; (4) There is space for adventure in the game field, which could cultivate the player’s positive feeling, and the player might express the previously unknown emotional path from the game world. Through the fusion mechanism, the player could open himself and have the opportunity to experience the freedom and autonomy from the play, and touch the phenomenon of inner voice to explore the emotions of the player and see the self-appearance. There should be an open and reserved attitude towards the other innovated methods of game therapy in epistemology. In the existing play therapy framework, we should learn from knowledge models and think about whether we are accustomed to controlling this play therapy performance by the own way. The performer of therapy framework should humbly open up the many possibilities, methods and knowledge development of future game therapy.</p> <p> </p>

The phenomenon of voice: existential-anthropological and sociocultural meanings

The phenomenon of voice: existential-anthropological and sociocultural meanings

Vocal identification: The metatextuality of the electronic voice phenomenon Based on the transcript “Breakthrough” by Konstantīns Raudive

The article’s subject deals with some aspects of transcommunication and its relation to literature; in particular, the metatextual nature of transcommunicative audio recordings as material for the methods of instrumental transcommunication (ITC) and the phenomenon of electronic voice (EPV). These terms are used to describe the data, obtained through the use of electronic devices and technologies to communicate with spirits or entities from other dimensions. The article problem is focused on the essence of the basic EVP form of paranormal investigation utilized to identify and interpret messages, images, or other forms of communication from the “meta-sphere” using devices such as radios, televisions, computers and other electronics. Konstantīns Raudive, one of the first researchers of transcommunication, believed that these devices, radios in particular, could be used as a means of making contact with spirits or entities that exist outside of physical reality and can manipulate electronic signals or other forms of energy to send messages that can be interpreted by the living. The article aims to methodologically process transcommunication as a controversial field that is not widely accepted by the scientific community due to a lack of empirical evidence to support the existence of entities or communication of this type. That is why many skeptics claim that this experience can be explained by natural phenomena such as pareidolia (the tendency to perceive meaningful patterns in random stimuli) or electromagnetic interference, and therefore many examples of EVP are dismissed as fictitious, amateurish, and staged. It is important to note that paranormal researchers approach transcommunication with a considerable level of skepticism and caution, and therefore the results of the research are full of potential for further studies to recognize that this field of science is overwhelmingly speculative yet prospective, especially when viewed from a literary perspective. The article novelty encapsulates the possibility of a literary interpretation of transcommunication from the standpoint of metatextuality as one of a myriad of feasible approaches.

Paranormal experiences, sensory-processing sensitivity, and the priming of pareidolia.

This investigation tested the effect of priming on pareidolia (the hearing of illusory words in ambiguous stimuli). Participants (41 women, 20 men, mean age 29.95 years) were assigned to primed (n = 30) or unprimed (n = 31) groups: the former were told the study was of ‘purported ghosts voices’, the latter ‘voices in noisy environments.’ Participants were assessed for perception of human voices within recordings of purported electronic voice phenomena (EVP), degraded human speech, normal human speech, and white noise. The primed group had significantly higher perception of voices within EVPs than in degraded speech, this difference was not found for unprimed participants. In contrast to the previous use of this design, the primed group did not have higher perception of voices in EVPs and degraded speech than did the unprimed group. The Aesthetic Sensitivity dimension of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) was associated with detection of degraded stimuli, but not with accuracy of stimulus identification. HSPS score was related to lifetime reporting of anomalous and paranormal experiences. This study partially replicates a paranormal priming effect and shows relationships between HSPS and detection of ambiguous stimuli and anomalous and paranormal experiences.

AI voice between anthropocentrism and posthumanism: Alexa and voice cloning

This article deals with the groundbreaking phenomenon of AI voice, highlighting two possible meanings that are often not problematized: the voice embedded into AI-based devices and the voice created using AI algorithms. In order to clarify the distinctions and the intersections of these two meanings, the article uses an approach inspired by media archaeology and social constructionism. It argues that AI voice as a social phenomenon is constructed by the interaction of a discursive level of representations and a non-discursive level of material practices and operations. The interaction of these two levels results in a tension between anthropocentrism and posthumanism, which is a characteristic of AI voice. Such tension is investigated through two case studies: the commercial of the smart speaker Amazon Alexa and the phenomenon of ‘voice cloning’. While the first is an example of how at a discursive level the ‘voice in the machine’ is represented as a way to ‘personify’ AI technology, the second, which consists in the possibility of reproducing the features of an embodied and personal voice, is an example of how the materialization of that cultural idea depends on the technical possibilities and material practices required by data-driven algorithms.

Research on the Nominalization and Passive Voice Translation Strategies of Energy Discourse

Extensive use of nominalization and passive voice are two prominent features of energy discourse texts. The article analyzes and proves by means of examples, and shows the phenomenon of nominalization and passive voice in the process of Chinese-English translation of energy articles in China. Based on this, this paper makes summaries of the C-E translation strategies of energy discourse in these two aspects. In terms of nominalization, attention should be paid to the ordering of multiple modifiers. In the passive voice, attention should be paid to grammar and marker words.

(Nie)obecny głos. W podwójnym archiwum Tadeusza Różewicza

(Non-)present Voice. In the Double Archive of Tadeusz Różewicz The paper focuses on the interpretation mode of the literature, which includes both textual notation as well as its voice realization, and consequently allows to reveal the phenomenon of the double literature archive (writing and voicing). This well-known problem of writing and the voice (e.g. voice in literature, acousmatic voice, voice in the text) is considered in terms of scriptorality. The author’s attention is drawn to the volume of poetry by Tadeusz Różewicz, Wiersze przeczytane [Poems Read] (Wrocław 2014), and especially to the poem “Nowe porównania” [“New comparisons”], which is discussed from the perspective of the modern auditory experience and the consequences of being in the sound in the current reality are shown. The remarks on the presence/absence of the voice (sound) in the literary reading practice, in the situation of understanding literature as a phenomenon of writing and at the same time as a phenomenon of voice, ultimately lead to an attempt of revising traditional literary studies under the conditions of the media society.

Multimodal dialogue in small-group mathematics learning

Abstract In this paper, we combine dialogic and embodied theories of learning to create a unified analytic lens. Embodied cognition is a theoretical approach operating under the premise that thinking and communication are multimodal activities. Under this premise, dialogue between learners needs to be conceptualized using a multimodal lens. We identify multimodal voices as speech and movement bundles situated within a learning context and describe a phenomenon that we call Multimodal Dialogue – multimodal interaction between different multimodal voices. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we analyze a learning sequence by two third-grade students who participated in a mathematics lesson aimed to foster embodied learning of proportion. Our analysis zooms in on the phenomenon of a multimodal voice as a speech-and-movement bundle situated within a learning context. We further show how multimodal dialogic gaps – differences between multimodal voices within and between modalities – drive communication and eventual changes in voices.

نظریة الحس الصوتی لتعلیم النحو العربی بین الأنباری والبکاء

الحس الصوتی لتعلیم النحو العربی بین الأنباری والبکاء دکتور عبدالفتاح حبیب قسم اللغویات بکلیة اللغة العربیة بالزقازیق جامعة الأزهر , جمهوریة مصر العربیة Mohamed.habib@hotmail.com_Eng الملخص: الدکتور محمد البکاء له بحث بعنوان نظریة الحس الصوتی لتعلیم النحو العربیأبان فیه الأسباب التی جعلت العرب یملکون ملکة الکلام بحیث صار کلامهم منضبطا محکما0 وقد توصل إلى هذه الأسباب التی تنضوی تحت (الحس الصوتی) ، الذى یبنى على الشعور العربی بالثقل والخفة الإحساس ممایفضى به إلى حکم أعرابی ما، أی أنه یتعلق بالعلة الإعرابیة. ومن ثم اخترت کتاب (أسرار العربیة) لأبی البرکات الأنباری لعقد مقارنة بینه وبین (نظریة الحس الصوتی) أحیانا یلتقى الدکتور/ البکاء مع الأنباری وأحیانا یفترقان. وفی البحث بیان لمعنى الحس الصوتی، وسمات القاعدة الصوتیة، وأسباب الثقل الصوتی، وذکرأمثلة المماثلة الصوتیة، والمخالفة الصوتیة، والظواهر الصوتیة والحس الصوتی ، ونظریة العامل، والقواعد الصوتیة ومنهج الإعراب والأبواب الصوتیة ومنهج الإعراب. abdalfatahhabib Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Arabic Language, Zagazig, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. Mohamed.habib@hotmail.com_EngE-mail: Abstract Dr. Mohammed Al-Bakka has a research entitled The theory of sound sense for the teaching of Arabic grammar and explained the reasons why the Arabs have the instinct of speech so that their words become disciplined and disciplined. He has reached these reasons which are under (the sense of voice), which is based on the feeling of the Arab weight and lightness, which leads to a base. And then I chose the book (Secrets of the Arabic language) for Abu Barakat Al – Anbari to compare it with (Sound Sense Theory) Sometimes dr. al-bakka agrees with the Anbari and sometimes they disagree In the research there is a statement of the meaning of the acoustic sense, the characteristics of the sound base, the causes of sound weight, examples of sound similarity, vocal differences, voice Phenomena and sense of voice, Working theory, Sound rules andApproach of Expression,Acoustic doors and expressive approach

Greek and English passives, and the role of <i>by</i>-phrases

This paper proposes an analysis in which passive by-phrases are merged as the arguments of the active with the corresponding theta roles (Hasegawa 1988; D’Hulst 1992; Mahajan 1994; Goodall 1997; 1999; Caha 2009; Collins 2018a; Roberts 2019; Karlík 2020 and Hallman 2020). The analysis finds support in new data from Greek and English showing that, just like the DP arguments of the active, by-phrases bear the same range of theta roles and can bind a non-logophoric reflexive. On the other hand, it is shown that PPs with non-argument theta-roles, that is, adjunct PPs, cannot. In light of these findings, the paper reaches a number of independent conclusions such as that VoiceP, the projection responsible for the distinct morphological realization of the different Voice phenomena, does not introduce the external argument (Collins 2005; Merchant 2013; Manzini et al. 2016; Ramchand 2017; Roberts 2019; Zyman & Kalivoda 2020; Newman 2020). Furthermore, in light of the new data presented here, the paper discusses reasons for which the following proposals cannot be maintained: that the Greek and English passive are formed in a different manner, or with different Voice heads (Alexiadou & Doron 2012 i.a.), that by-phrases are merged as adjuncts (Bruening 2013; Legate 2014; Alexiadou et al. 2015 i.a.) or that Greek by-phrases systematically exhibit distinct behavior from the corresponding DP arguments of the active (Alexiadou et al. 2015). Lastly, it is argued that the rules of semantic composition, if applied as in Heim & Kratzer (1998) and Bruening (2013), make available more ways in which arguments can be merged than those which are actually attested. The paper suggests that the rules in question must be constrained by independent principles, such as Chomsky’s (1981, 1986) Theta Criterion.

Predictors of Hearing Electronic Voice Phenomena in Random Noise: Schizotypy, Fantasy Proneness, and Paranormal Beliefs

This study used a modified White Christmas task to examine reports of electronic voice phenomena (EVP) within random noise. Following familiarization with the concept of EVP, 107 participants listened to an audio track combining white and pink noise. Instructions directed participants to press a keyboard button to indicate if they heard EVP. At the end of the track, participants provided an overall confidence rating of EVP perception. Thirty-nine participants (36%) reported the presence of EVP. Comparisons between EVP experiencers vs. non-experiencers on cognitive-perceptual (schizotypy, hallucinations, and fantasy proneness) and paranormal belief measures (general and haunting) revealed no significant differences. A path analysis indicated that belief in haunting mediated the relations between paranormal belief and hallucination proneness with EVP outcomes (number and confidence). However, fantasy proneness and schizotypy did not have significant relations with EVP. Results were consistent with previous findings, where participants imagine hearing the famous White Christmas song. Within this study, a non-trivial minority of participants experienced EVP as a form of belief congruent hallucination. These findings support the notion that anomalous beliefs provide a framework for structuring unusual cognitions and perceptions.

Усне мовлення в науковій концепції професора Олександри Сербенської

The article analyzes the concept of oral speech, set out in the works of Ukrainian linguist Oleksandra Serbenska. Emphasizing the primacy of oral speech, professor O. Serbenska analyzes the live word in the context of socio-ecology, language culture, communication and linguophilosophy. She explores the sources of melodiousness of the Ukrainian language, studies the phenomenon of voice. Serbenska emphasizes an importance of preserving and nurturing authentic Ukrainian oral speech as a spirit of the people, its history and culture. The scholar tries to find origins of various phenomena of spiritual life of the people and an individual in the oral speech. Serbenska’s works attract attention by their motifs to outline sound speech as a phenomenon, to immerse themselves in music that conveys us tone and rhythm of the spoken word from ancient generations. The connection between oral speech and music, between oral and print text reveals the deep essence of orality. It serves as a special way of reproducing and creating a world where tones and rhythms sound in unison with sounds and rhythms of nature and man. Orality in the Ukrainian language is immersed in the song. The melody of the Ukrainian spoken word enables to speak of melodiousness as one of its key characteristics. An instrument of oral speech is a voice. It has a mystical essence in an interpretation of many cultures; its strength is filled with deep spirituality, its tones and intonations open wide opportunities for communication in various fields, including a professional practice of journalists. O. Serbenska’s ideas give an impetus for further scientific research in this field. Keywords: Ukrainian language, oral speech, orality, melody, sound, voice, journalism.

Vocal Politics

Feminist theory has produced a robust literature on embodiment that explores phenomena such as maternity, mobility, ability, and aging. However, the field has produced surprisingly few analyses of the bodily phenomenon of voice; references to voice in the context of critical theory are almost entirely metaphorical in nature, a relegation that obscures the philosophical relevance of voice as embodied phenomenon. Using insights garnered from the fields of sound studies and musicology, I argue that contemporary feminist theory should address the social, political, and ethical meanings of the bodily, material phenomenon of vocality. Specifically, I argue that vocality is better understood as intervocality, that it is an existentially significant aspect of identity, and that it is implicated in systematic inequality and social relations (both individual and structural) in meaningful ways. I critique Adriana Cavarero’s approach to vocal justice, demonstrating that it does not sufficiently take up the challenges of intervocality. The article concludes with some preliminary remarks regarding a conceptualization of vocal justice.

ФЕНОМЕН ГОЛОСА В МАЛОЙ ФРАНКОЯЗЫЧНОЙ ПРОЗЕ С. БЕККЕТА

The article deals with the specific features of the voice phenomenon representation and the peculiarities of its functioning in French-language short stories written by Beckett, namely in Premier amour (First Love), Le calmant (The Calmative) and Au loin un oiseau. The abovementioned texts allow us, on the one hand, to demonstrate the genesis of the writer’s artistic and aesthetic principles of representing the studied phenomenon, which were later reflected in theatrical, radio and television plays, and, on the other hand, – to shed light on the specificity of the literary world of these texts. The research conducted allows us to conclude that in all the analyzed texts the voice is captured in different forms of representation and has a varying (from text to text) functionality. In Premier amour, there is a feminine voice asking to restore the corporeality and individuality of its origin. However, the stamp of convulsiveness in the heroine’s voice paradoxically has its source not in the corporeal but in the ideal. In Le calmant, the protagonist’s feebleness, expressed by the signs of his corporeal conditions, is doubled by his aphony, which thus transcends one of the most important motifs for Beckett’s writing – that of human weakness. This motif also reveals here another shade of meaning – weakness as a ‘respite’ from the suffering which human existence bears. Finally, in Au loin un oiseau we see a ventriloquist character. Due to the ‘I’ living inside, the ‘He’ is becoming similar to ventriloquists. Unlike them, however, his speaking capacity is under control of the narrator.

Power Distance Orientation, and LMX Quality on Workplace Voice in China

Employee voice behavior has been recognized as beneficial to organization. Moreover, in the ever-changing competitive business environment, the willingness of employees to offer useful information and ideas plays a critical role to business innovation and process improvement. However, employee voice is likely to involve a conflicting decision-making process since speaking up may put individual at risk while beneficial for organizational improvement. Therefore, voice research has attended much to the issue of how to facilitate employees to engage in workplace voice. Recently, contextual and cultural factors are found to affect significantly an employee’s beliefs about whether speaking up will be safe. From the social and cognitive perspective, these negative beliefs on voice are not easily eliminated due to the long-term experiences and socialization. Considering the tremendous influence of cultural and social factors on management, the voice phenomenon also need to reflect the differences between employees from various cultural backgrounds. Furthermore, the research domain of organizational studies is becoming more international and the country like China has been still undergoing profound transitions in institutional rules, values, and social norms. Even though achieving significant economic development, Chinese traditional value system as well as the socialist legacy present an institutional environment that is much different from what a typical Western organization would encounter. It is, therefore, unclear whether voice behavior researches done in the West have the similar effect on the organization in China Corporate culture grows out of the values held by organizational members which are shaped by national culture and societal ideology. Since the traditional Chinese culture stemming from Confucianism has been emphasizing hierarchical or status differences as well as harmonious interpersonal relationships, voice behavior is likely to be perceived as inappropriate and insecure. In countries like China with strong self-protective motives and a hierarchical culture along with the communist-influenced ideology, people tend to refrain from their voice behavior because of various concerns and fears related to psychological safety, such as not wanting to be viewed as challenging authority or avoiding embarrassing others. The main interest of this study is to investigate how Chinese traditional cultural values are related to employees’ concerns about voice behavior. As culturally dictated thinking style rooted in Confucian philosophy, Zhong-Yong, or ‘middle-way’ thinking emphasizes “equilibrium” and “harmony” as the rule of thumb to deal with and get along with other people. Power distance is also an important theoretical factor in terms of cultural values. As many Asian countries have been found to show high power distance culture, Chinese people especially influenced by Confucianism, greatly value the importance of the group and hierarchical relationships within an organization. Along with this reason, this study hypothesized the possible inhibiting effects of Chinese traditional cultural values, Zhong-Yong thinking and power distance orientation, on voice behavior. Since one of central issues in voice behavior research is how to facilitate an employee to engage in workplace voice, we also postulate LMX quality as a moderator in expectation of improving employees’ concerns about voicing. Employees may calculate the cost of speaking up by assessing favorability of social context such as supportive relationships with their supervisors. Leadership behavior such as LMX might have a positive impact on voice behavior in China where relationship orientation is highly advocated as compared with other countries. The potential benefits of the close relationship with the supervisor may give employees a reciprocal sense of obligation such as the active voice behavior for their organization.

“THE EXPERIENCE OF INVISIBLE”: EXPERIENCE OF BEING, SENSE AND UNDERSTANDING IN HUMAN SUBJECTIVE EXISTЕNCE

The article studies the problem of authenticity of human experience.The author gives the analysis of experience of existence under the heading “the experience of invisible”. The position of the researcher is that the phenomenology of vision omits the basic spheres of human experience such as the sense and the understanding of being of the personality and of being of the other people and of being as a whole. The cognitional limitedness of the idea of vision in the phenomenological analysis of human existence also lies in its incapability to take into consideration the finiteness of human existence and the existential necessity of infinity and transcendence. Whereas the idea of experience of being comprehends the idea of infinity, the abilities of sense and understanding put human existence in the horizons of finite world, but do not shut the “doors” in it for the human self.Invisible is actually the permanent sphere of human thought and philosophy always considers the interrelation between visible and invisible entities and sites of reality. Being in whole is invisible and its experience is unintentional, while sense and understanding fall under the concept of intentional experience of the self, the other people and other entities. The study determines that the experience of being holds the continuity and unity of human experience. The author argues that sense is prior to understanding in forming of the objects of experience. The experience of sense is also determined as deeper and basic in the relation to the material sensations and human feelings. For example, the phenomenon of internal voice has for the first instance the nature of sense and then of understanding. The intellectual intuition and mental vision are the core of objective experience in human understanding and have timeless character. Whereas the temporality of experience is based on the synthesis of sense and understanding in the experience of being.The study examines the approaches for the research of the experience ofbeing, of abilities of sense and understanding in phenomenology and philosophical anthropology. The author bases his arguments particularly on the phenomenology of perception of M. Merleau-Ponty with his analysis of embodiment and the anthropology of H.Plessner with his idea of eccentric positionality. The research establishes that co-existence of people and even of people with other living creatures is possible upon the common ability of experience of being. The evidence of that is the examples of sympathy between different living entities and people in the living world. However, the ability of sense and understanding as intentional acts are intersubjective and form the special reasonable realm of human world. They have the principal importance for the forming of human experience.For the conclusion, the research proves the relevance of the concept of“experience of being” for the study of nonintentional experience of existence as a basis for unity of intentional acts of human consciousness. Philosophic intuition of being is always founded on this experience. The sense and understanding of a person in the world on this ground makes it possible for a person to regard oneself and the other people, to take own stand in the world, to understand the purpose of existence and to get over its limits.

Современные технологии в практиках некромантии

This article deals with the new forms of communication with the dead which appeared in our modern world as a result of technical progress. These are the contact forms based on using a lot of different technical devices, such as photo, audio and, less often, video ones. Most of them are based both on socalled Electronic Voice Phenomenon, “discovered” in the 1960s by Friedrich Jurgenson and spiritualistic photography which was very popular in the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th century. In the 1917s, all of these types of communications were named “instrumental transcommunication”. The article observes the main methods and process content of instrumental transcommunication, justification of this phenomenon by its researchers, relations between the roles of operator and devices’ functions in this process. The author also considers the researchers’ world view for justification of their experiences and results, relations of modern methods with the ones used by spiritualism followers, and purposes set by the people who practice different methods of instrumental transcommunication. The author pays attention to source of specified methods and changes which occurred in separate ways of communication with the dead, their appearance, and their use by Russian researches in our time. The paper questions the possibility of assignment of this way of communication with the dead to necromantic practice, and of relation of the practicing communities to mystical and esotherical ones. Consideration of all of these questions is important for understanding the changes which we see in traditional magic practice depending on technical progress in modern society

Construção depacientiva em georgiano

Este artigo visa analisar e discutir as construções que chamamos de depacientivas no georgiano (língua sul caucasiana), de forma a contrastá-las com construções circundantes na língua, isto é, construções mais canônicas ou que possuem semelhanças em termos semânticos ou de forma. Argumenta-se, ainda, que as construções depacientivas constituem um fenômeno de voz, isto é, uma forma distinta de se conceitualizar eventos. Como fundamentação teórica, será utilizada a Gramática Cognitiva de Langacker (2008).

Endoscopic picture of larynx in children with psychosomatic and neurological pathology

The article considers the phenomenon of voice and its disorders as the manifestations of brain activity, aimed at implementation of the act of phonation. Therefore, the necessity of assessment of the nature and the degree of participation of the modified mental sphere in the voice disorders, as well as the phychoneurological treatment, inter alia, in children of different ages, may occur almost in all patients with voice disorders. It is known, that only 5.3% of children have voice disorders directly related to the recurrent nerve paresis. In other cases, the patients have a stressful situation in their anamnesis, which forms the basis for the possible involvement of a neurologist, psychologist or psychiatrist in the treatment and rehabilitation of children with voice disorders.