Voges-Proskauer Research Articles

IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA ASSOCIATED WITH LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING IN GENERAL HOSPITAL DR. PIRNGADI MEDAN

Objective: The aim of this study was to establish cases of bacteria associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in General Hospital Dr. Pirngadi Medan with the view to identify the bacteria well as to assess their antibiotics susceptibility.Methods: An observation and prospective study were analyzed to patients with lower respiratory tract infection in respiratory and internal wards Dr. Pirngadi Hospital Medan. For the identification method of bacteria was using optochin test, catalase test, Mannitol salt agar, coagulase, indole, methyl red, Voges–Proskauer test, citrate, urease, and Triple Sugar Iron test.Results: The bacteria that cause lower respiratory tract infection were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.53%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.02%), Proteus sp. (14.89%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.77%), Escherichia coli (10.64%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.64%), and Haemophilus influenzae (8.51%). The result of sensitivity testing showed that gentamicin is more sensitive and the resistant antibiotic is chloramphenicol among all the tested antibiotics.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa was the most common isolated from LRTIs patients with gentamicin is the most sensitive antibiotics while chloramphenicol is the most resistant antibiotics among all the tested antibiotics.

Preliminary Screening of Bio-surfactant Producing Bacteria Isolated from an Oil Contaminated Soil

Spent motor oil represents one of the most prominent and tenacious contaminants of soil within mechanic workshops across Nigeria. Adaptation and natural evolution proffer a rich array of a microorganism capable of producing bio-surfactants which are of high value to industry, particularly in hydrocarbon degradation. This study was undertaken to isolate and screen for bio-surfactant producing bacterial strains isolated from engine oil contaminated mechanic sites. Data obtained revealed that using 0.3% Fluconazole supplemented nutrient agar media, bacterial isolates were obtained from soil samples within Apo mechanic village, Abuja, Nigeria. Hemolytic assay method and foam capacity test were used for screening. The positive strains were grown in liquid medium and the emulsification index (EI24) was determined. A total of 3 bacterial isolates referred to as A2, B1 and C8 were positive for the hemolytic and foam capacity tests, with an emulsification index (EI24) of 40.0, 11.7 and 36.7 respectively. Growth measurements were determined by measuring optical density of the cells in broth using spectrophotometer at 605nm over a 96 hour incubatory period in nutrient broth at 4ºC, 37ºC, 42ºC. All isolates displayed mesophilic characteristics withprogressive growth. At 37ºC, isolate A2 had the highest growth rate via optical density readout 1.95, 2.11, 2.32, 2.55, measured at 605nm. Isolate A2 also the best performing isolate at 42ºC with optical density readings of 1.32, 1.00, 0.91 and 1.68, thereby suggestive of thermotolerant ability. All isolates demonstrated good growth in broth medium with pH ranging from 8.97-9.16 at 37ºC. All isolates were positive for catalase and citrate, negative for methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and indole tests. Isolate A2 was the only gram-positive, oxidase negative and non-motile bacteria. The bio-surfactants produced by the three different bacterial isolates would possess chemically distinct signatures that can be harnessed for multiple applications ranging from bioremediation to degradable detergent uses.

Isolation, identification and antibiogram profiles of enterovirulent Escherichia coli from diarrhoeic goat in some selected areas of Rangpur district of Bangladesh

Enterovirulent Escherichia coli remain as an important etiological agent of goat diarrhoea in Bangladesh. The present study was designed with a view to isolate and identifies E. coli from field cases. For this purpose, a total of 135 faecal samples (85 from diarrhoeic and 50 from apparently healthy goat) were collected during the period from January 2012 to July 2012 from different areas in Rangpur District. It was found that the prevalence of E. coli was higher (18.82 %) in diarrhoeic goats while it was lower (14.00 %) in non diarrhoeic goats. Age wise distribution of E. coli isolates were 26.42% in day old to 1 year, 10.53% in 1-2 years and 11.36% in above 2 years age of goat respectively. All the isolates of E. coli revealed greenish black colony with metallic sheen in Eosine methylene blue agar, bright pink color smooth transparent colony in MacConkey agar and slight pinkish smooth colony in Salmonella-Shigella agar. Gram stain and hanging drop techniques were performed with the cultured bacteria. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied, and antibiotic sensitivity test was done by agar disk diffusion method. In Gram stain, the organisms revealed Gram negative, small rod shaped, occurs singly or paired. Biochemically, all of the isolates showed fermentation of dextrose, sucrose and maltose with the production of acid and gas, negative result to Voges-Proskauer test, positive result to Methylred test and differential result to Indol test. All the isolates of E. coli were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin while moderately sensitive to colistin, livofloxacin and azithromycin and less sensitive to ceftraexon and tetracyclin and resistant to amoxycillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and neomycin. Therefore, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin may be the antibiotics of first choice, and colistin, livofloxacin and azithromycin may be the second choice among the test antibiotics for the treatment of illness caused by these bacteria.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 36-43

Pannonibacter carbonis sp. nov., isolated from coal mine water.

Two bacterial strains were isolated from coal mine water in China. Isolates were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, and they did not produce bacteriochlorophyll α. Cells grew in tryptic soy broth with 0-5.5 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-55 °C and pH 3.5-10.5. Isolates were positive for catalase, oxidase, urease, Voges-Proskauer test, gelatin hydrolysis and H2S production. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the closest relatives of strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 were the type strains Labrenzia suaedae DSM 22153T (97.4 %), Pannonibacter phragmitetus DSM 14782T (96.9 and 97.0 %) and Pannonibacter indicus DSM 23407T (96.8 %). The genomic average nucleotide identity (ANI) value for Q4.6T and Q2.11 was 100 %; however, this value was less than 77.7 % for the type strains P. phragmitetus and P. indicus, and less than 74.0 % for the type strain L. suaedae. The cellular fatty acid profile of strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 consisted primarily of C18 : 1ω7c. The principal quinone of the isolates was Q-10. The polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl choline. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, genomic ANI analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization results, as well as phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strains Q4.6T and Q2.11 are assigned as a novel species within the genus Pannonibacter. The type strain is Pannonibacter carbonis Q4.6T (=CGMCC 1.15703T=KCTC 52466T).

IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DARI DEPOT YANG MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER AIR NON PDAM DI KOTA SAMARINDA

This aim of the present work is to know the type and the number of contamination in drinking water refill from depot using Non-PDAM water resource in Samarinda City. The sample were obtained from five subdistricts such as North Samarinda, Sambutan, Palaran, Loa Janan Ilir and Samarinda Ilir. Identification of bacteria using PCA (Plate Count Agar) media, BA (Blood Agar) and MCA (Mac Conkey Agar). Potentially pathogenic colonies tested for biochemical include SIM (Sulfid Indol Motile), SC (Simon Citrate), MR (Methyl red), VP (Voges Proskauer), TSIA (Triple Sugar Iron Agar), Nitrate, Urea, PAA (Phenyl Alanin Agar) and Glucose of. The results show that there is bacterial contamination in drinking water refill from depot using Non-PDAM water resource such as genus Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Acinetobacter. The number of bacterial contamination were found at least in samples C1 and C2 from Sambutan, sample D2 from Palaran and the most contamination number was found in sample A1 from North Samarinda.

First Report of Fruit Spot on Pepper Caused by Erwinia aphidicola in China

HomePlant DiseaseVol. 102, No. 7First Report of Fruit Spot on Pepper Caused by Erwinia aphidicola in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Fruit Spot on Pepper Caused by Erwinia aphidicola in ChinaM. Luo, Q. Sheng, C. L. Wang, and X. L. ZhangM. LuoSearch for more papers by this author, Q. Sheng†Corresponding author: Q. Sheng; E-mail: E-mail Address: xjssqq@sina.comSearch for more papers by this author, C. L. WangSearch for more papers by this author, and X. L. ZhangSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations M. Luo Q. Sheng † C. L. Wang , College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, P. R. China X. L. Zhang , Xinjiang Provincial Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Urumqi 830063, P. R. China. Published Online:30 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-17-1146-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Processing pepper is an economically valuable crop in Xinjiang region, a major agricultural production area in China. In August 2015, pepper fruit spot was initially found in Kolar, Xinjiang, with 5% incidence in approximately 5.5 ha of commercial fields. The symptoms appeared as small circular to irregular shaped, brown to black necrotic spots on the fruit surface. The lesions developed rapidly into soft rot, and fruits dropped within 5 to 7 days. Tissues from lesion margins of 10 diseased fruit (Capsicum annuum ‘Hongan’) were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol and 1% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed three times in sterilized water, cut into 5- × 5-mm pieces, and then macerated in sterilized water. The suspension was streaked onto a nutrient agar plate and incubated at 28°C for 24 h. The colonies were similar and were white, round, and flat with smooth surfaces. The bacteria were gram negative, short straight or slightly curved rods measuring 0.44 to 0.6 × 1.54 to 2.71 µm with three to four peritrichous flagella. The bacterial isolates were oxidase negative and catalase, Voges–Proskauer test, and nitrate reduction positive, and hypersensitive on tobacco. The bacterial colonies were negative to H2S generation, indole production, and gelatin liquidization tests. They could produce acid from erythritol, mannitol, maltose, fructose, mannose, dl-glutamate, l-proline, l-glutamate, sucrose, glucose, inositol, and d-xylose but not from sorbitol, inulin, lactose, and sorbose. The bacteria were further identified by polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rRNA gene and housekeeping genes recA and gapDH using P1/P6 (1,400 bp), 41F/640R (600 bp), and DH-F/ DH-R (400 bp) primer pairs, respectively (Santos et al. 2009). BLAST analysis showed that the 16S rRNA (NCBI accession no. KU991850), recA (KX011030), and gapDH (KX000396) gene sequences shared 100, 100, and 99.7% similarity to that of Erwinia aphidicola strains LMG24877 (NR_117000), DSMZ19347 (EU921900), and GTC1688 (FJ155926), respectively. Eight bacterial isolates were tested for pathogenicity by the stab inoculation method (Ren 1994). Bacterial suspensions (108 CFU/ml) were stabbed into healthy pepper fruit (cultivar Hongan) collected from a local field in Kolar, and the test was repeated three times. Each strain was used to inoculate 10 fruit. The inoculated fruit were incubated in a growth chamber at 25°C and 80% relative humidity with a 12-h photoperiod. Within 4 days after inoculation, on all of the inoculated fruit yellow brownish necrotic lesions appeared at the stab sites, whereas no symptoms were observed on the 10 control fruit treated with sterile distilled water. Bacteria were reisolated from all inoculated fruit and confirmed to be the same bacteria using the techniques for molecular identification as mentioned above. E. aphidicola was initially reported to be isolated from pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) (Harada et al. 1997). Santos et al. (2009) confirmed the presence of E. aphidicola for the first time as a new pathogen of bacterial leaf spot on French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and garden pea (Pisum sativum) in Spain. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. aphidicola causing pepper fruit brown spot in China. This study expanded the host range of E. aphidicola as a plant pathogen and suggests that commercial pepper producers should take early control actions to reduce losses caused by the disease.

Probiotic Potential and Antibiotic Resistance of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Curd in Sri Lanka

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are organisms beneficial to the human beings as probiotics which the organism can remain viable under stress conditions in the gastrointestinal tract.The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate probiotic properties, and antibiotic resistance of thirteen isolates of lactic acid bacteria obtained from curd. In order to characterize the lactic acid bacteria isolates from curd; Gram’s staining, endospore staining, motility, catalase reaction, indole production, methyl red test, Voges-Proskauer test, citrate utilization, oxidase activity, urease activity, H2S production, arginine hydrolysis, growth at different temperatures, gas production from glucose and fermentation pattern of different carbohydrates were performed. In order to screen the probiotic potential of the isolates; tolerance to pH, bile, and phenol, survival in the presence of simulated gastric and pancreatic juices were examined. Antibiotic resistance of selected isolates was evaluated using 12 antibiotics. Results of biochemical tests and physiochemical tests revealed that all thirteen isolates (ITI_CD001, ITI_CD 002, ITI_CD 003, ITI_CD 004, ITI_CD 005,ITI_CD006, ITI_CD 009, ITI_CD 010, ITI_CD 011, ITI_CD 012 ITI_CD013, ITI_CD 014, andITI_CD 015) are belonged to the genus Lactobacillus. Species were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus delbrukeii lactis. Most of the isolates were able to tolerate and grow well under low pH conditions (1.5 - 3.0), high pH (9.0), extremes of bile up to 0.5% and phenol up to 0.6%.The isolates were able to growin the presence of simulated gastric and pancreatic juices too. Results for the antibiotic resistance varied among isolates. Isolates ITI_CD004, ITI_CD 009, ITI_CD 010, ITI_CD 011, ITI_CD 012 and ITI_CD 015 were identified as higher probiotic isolates. The study revealed that the tested LAB isolates possess desirable probiotic properties. Hence, these isolates can be used to produce foods high in probiotics.

Frecuencia y Susceptibilidad Antimicrobiana de Bacterias Causantes de Mastitis en Bovinos de un Establo de Trujillo, Perú

Se determinó la frecuencia y susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de bacterias causantes de mastitis en bovinos de un establo del distrito de Conache, Trujillo, Perú, entre septiembre y diciembre de 2015. Se recolectaron muestras de leche de 140 cuartos individuales de 35 vacas que se les hizo el control de mastitis mediante observación directa y taza de fondo negro. Para el análisis microbiológico se sembraron las muestras en agar sangre y agar Mac Conkey y se incubaron a 37 °C por 24 h. Para determinar las bacterias gram positivas se realizaron pruebas de catalasa, coagulasa, fermentación de manitol y hemólisis; y para las gram negativas se realizaron pruebas de agar-hierro-triple azúcar (TSI), agar lisina-hierro (LIA), citrato de Simmons, ureasa, formación de indol, rojo metilo, Voges Proskauer y caldo glutamato. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se determinó mediante el método de Kirby-Bauer con discos de ampicilina, clindamicina, doxiciclina, eritromicina, estreptomicina, gentamicina, oxacilina y rifampicina. Se detectaron 31 vacas con mastitis bacteriana, donde el 76% presentó bacterias gram negativas y 24% gram positivas. Las bacterias gram negativas más frecuentes fueron E. coli (28%) y Klebsiella sp. (24%), y la bacteria gram positiva más frecuente fue Staphylococcus aureus (16%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa fue resistente a la mayoría de antibióticos, excepto a la eritromicina (susceptibilidad intermedia). E. coli presentó susceptibilidad intermedia a la eritromicina y resistencia a la oxacilina y rifampicina. Staphylococvcus aureus presentó susceptibilidad intermedia a la clindamicina y eritromicina y resistencia a la ampicilina.

Nocardioides immobilis sp. nov., isolated from iron mine soil.

A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped aerobic bacterial strain FLL521T was isolated from iron mine soil. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FLL521T belonged to genus Nocardioides in family Nocardioidaceae, with the highest sequence identity to Nocardioides panacisoli GSoil 346T (96.3 %). The DNA G+C content of strain FLL521T was 70.3 mol%. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The major respiratory quinone was MK-8(H4), and the predominant fatty acids (>5 %) were iso-C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C17 : 1ω8c. The polar lipids of strain FLL521T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and three unidentified phospholipids. Strain FLL521T showed physiological and biochemical differences with the related strains in the Voges-Proskauer test, hydrolysis of l-arginine, utilization of d-mannose, inositol, phenylalanine and acid production from l-arabinose. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain FLL521T represents a novel species of Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides immobilis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FLL521T (=KCTC 39931T=CCTCC AB 2017083T).

Vibrio palustris sp. nov. and Vibrio spartinae sp. nov., two novel members of the Gazogenes clade, isolated from salt-marsh plants (Arthrocnemum macrostachyum and Spartina maritima).

Two bacterial strains, EAod9T and SMJ21T, isolated from salt-marsh plants, were determined to be related to species of the genus Vibriofrom from 16S rRNA sequence comparisons. Their closest phylogenetic relatives are members of the Gazogenes clade, Vibrio mangrovi and Vibrio rhizosphaerae , which show the greatest similarity to the SMJ21TrRNA sequence (97.3 and 97.1 %, respectively), while EAod9T had less than 97.0 % similarity to any other species of the genus Vibrio. Both strains share the basic characteristics of the genus Vibrio, as they are Gram-stain negative, motile, slightly halophilic, facultatively anaerobic bacteria. In addition, they are oxidase-negative and unable to grow on TCBS Agar; they grow between 15 to 26 °C, pH 6 to 8 and in up to 10 % (w/v) total salinity. They produce indol, are positive in the Voges-Proskauer test and are negative for arginine dihydrolase, lysine and ornithine decarboxylases. Strain SMJ21T is aerogenic and red-pigmented, due to prodigiosin production, while strain EAod9T ferments glucose without gas and is not pigmented. The major cellular fatty acids of both novel strains were C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c and C16 : 0. WGSobtained for both strains, along with the other five members of the clade, allowed the determination of ANI indexes and in silico estimations of DDH values, which confirmed that the two strains represent two novel species of the genus Vibrio: Vibriopalustris sp. nov. (with EAod9T=CECT 9027T=LMG 29724T as the proposed type strain) and Vibrio spartinae sp. nov. (with SMJ21T=CECT 9026T=LMG 29723T as the proposed type strain).

Volatiles emitted by Bacillus sp. BCT9 act as growth modulating agents on Lactuca sativa seedlings

Chemical products are applied during horticulture to increase food production, but the environmental problems resulting from these applications have led to a search for more sustainable products. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) demonstrating plant growth promoter (PGP) activity released by bacterial species have emerged as alternatives, but their effects on Lactuca sativa growth are unknown. In this study, VOCs released by Bacillus sp. BCT9 cultures grown in different media (Methyl Red & Voges Proskauer, Murashige & Skoog and nutrient media) at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7 (measured as the absorbance, λ=600nm) were tested to evaluate their activity as growth inducers of L. sativa after 10days of exposure. Lower concentrations of BCT9 increased root length, and higher concentrations induced shoot length and lateral root length. The dry weight and number of lateral roots increased similarly, independent of concentration, for VOCs produced in all culture media. BCT9 cultures grown in Methyl Red & Voges Proskauer medium as bioactive compounds with or without lanolin. These VOCs increased shoot length, root length and dry weight at low concentrations, independent of the presence of lanolin. Lateral root length increased with the application of 2-nonanone (50ppm) and 2-undecanone (0.05ppm). Based on these results, the use of bioactive volatiles as growth inducers of horticultural species represents an alternative or complementary strategy.

DETEKSI Staphylococcus aureus dan Salmonella PADA JAJANAN SIRUP

Microbial on food are caused by various factors such as nutrients, water, and temperature. If total amount of microbes increase it would damage food and if it ingested could affect grastrointestinal track. Snack, especially unregistered snack such as syrup in school is one of important problem to concerned. The purpose of this study is to detect the present of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in syrup in four elementary schools in Cimahi. Detection of Staphylococcus aureus is done using BPA medium, while detection of Salmonella is using Indol test, methyl red test, Voges Proskauer test, Citrate test and Gram staining. The result shows that the syrup from the elementary school contains Staphylococcus aureus but not all of samples of syrup give positive result of Salmonella. Based on the requirements which in set in SNI that microbes in syrup should not be contain to Staphylococcus aureus is negative/ml and Salmonella is negative/25 ml, then syrup that sold in all four elementary schooldi not qualified.

Phenotypic identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from cattle at Suleja Abattoir, Nigeria

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a well-known pathogen of man and animals and a very low infection dose is needed to propagate the infection and clinical disease. In this study, a total of 515 rectal swab samples were collected from cattle and subjected to conventional biochemical tests. Presumptive identification on Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) yielded an overall prevalence of 83.1%. Cefixime, Tallurite, Sorbitol MacConkey Agar (CT-SMAC) test yielded 18(4.2) isolates while Indole test, Methyl Red, Voges Proskauer and Citrate utilization test (IMVIC) biochemical test showed prevalence rate of 11(61.1%) and MicrogenTM test performed on the 18 Isolates yielded a prevalence rate of 33.3%. A total of 6 of the isolates were subjected to latex agglutination test, in which 2(0.4%) were confirmed to be E. coli O157. The results of the somatic flagella antigen test performed on the 2 isolates revealed that 1(50%) belonged to E. coli O157:H7. Thus this study is therefore the first research work to confirm the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle presented for slaughter in Suleja abattoir in Nigeria. Humans can contract the infection through exposure, handling and consumption of beef or animal products. Control measures are therefore necessary especially during processing and evisceration of beef, to ensure safety of cattle offal presented to the public for human consumption. Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, cattle, Microgen kit, flagella staining, phenotypic identification, cattle, latex agglutination test.

Enterobacterias de la paloma de castilla Columba livia en la ciudad de Lima, Perú

The rock dove Columba livia is an exotic and feral bird that has been described as carrying various agents potentially pathogenic to man and other birds, including bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and E. coli, however, there are few studies regarding infectious disease agents carried by the species in our country. The objective of the study was to determine the enterobacterias present in this free-living bird resident in the City of Lima. During the months of June and July of 2014, 27 adult individuals of C. livia were captured in two zoos located in the districts of Chorrillos and San Juan de Miraflores. A cloacal swab was made to each bird and transported in the Cary Blair transport medium at 4 °C to a private laboratory. In the laboratory, samples were plated on McConkey agar and SS agar, and then proceeded to the identification using biochemical tests (TSI, LIA, Indol, SIM, Citrate, Methyl Red and Voges Proskauer). A total of 35 bacterial colonies were isolated 85.19 % (23/27) from the samples: 62.96 % (17/27) Escherichia coli, 11.11 % (3/27) Enterobacter aerogenes, 11.11 % (3/27) Klebsiella sp., 11.11 % (3/27) Proteus vulgaris, 7.41 % (2/27) Salmonella pullorum, 14.29 % (14/27) Shiguella sp., 11.11 % (3 / 27) Staphylococcus aureus and 3.70 % (1/27) Staphylococcus sp. Here, we report a high frequency of enterobacteria of interest in public health, evidencing the importance of considering rock dove as a reservoir for zoonotic bacteria.

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated Smoked Fish Pinekuhe from Traditionally Processed from Sangihe District

Pinekuhe is the local name for smoked scad fish (Decapterus sp.), a traditionally processed fish product from Sangihe Islands whose taste, aroma and form are typical and unique. In this research aims of physiological and biochemical characteristics with pathogenicity isolated S. aureus which the isolated from the product smoked scad fish (Decapterus rusellii) Pinekuhe it was produce and prepared by the local fisherman in Sangihe Island Regency. The isolated that have gathered from this researched was 111 product isolate from the smoke fish Pinekuhe which grown from media MSA. Its had isolated already through the<br />test of physiological comprise, Gram staining and from the test of biochemical e.g., from the test Catalase, Voges-Proskauer, and Fermentation carbohydrate tests (Glucose and Manitol). The characteristics of pathogenicity S. aureus had been done and used by making of Coagulase, Nuklease Thermostabil production<br />and deoksiribonuklease (DNase). The result of this research showing that had still 111 isolating strains that still ingroup which consists of 108 isolated Staphylococcus and from 108 strains to 68 strains that had been test in identifying, as of Staphylococcus aureus with characteristics of Gram positif coccus, catalase positif,<br />Voges-Proskauer positif, and to Fermentation Glucose and Manitol. The 68 isolate S. aureus that characterize from Phatogen principles product Coagulase test, Nuklease Thermostabil and deoksiribonuklease (DNase). S. aureus is dominant (62%) contaminate smoked fish Pinekuhe processed traditional of Sangihe island.

Comparative analysis of glucose metabolism in strains of Vibrio cholera biovar El Tor

Comparative analysis of glucose fermentation in typical strains of V. cholerae biovar El Tor isolated in the Russian Federation in 1970–1990 and highly virulent strains of genovariants imported in 1993–2012 was carried out. It was demonstrated that glucose metabolism of V. cholerae biovar El Tor genovariants changed as a result of acquisition of classical CTX prophage (or only its ctxB gene) and a corresponding increase in virulence. A phenotypical manifestation of these changes is a lack of ability to grow on a minimal nutrient medium supplemented with 1% carbohydrate, as well as compromised capacity for acetoin fermentation in the course of the Voges–Proskauer test. Possible causes of the degraded glucose metabolism are associated with the presence of SNP in gene alsD that encodes acetolactate decarboxylase enzyme and is incorporated into als operon, which, in turn, is involved in acetoin generation, as well as with hyperexpression of regulatory protein AphA that controls acetoin biosynthesis.

Diversity, Physiochemical and Phylogenetic Analyses of Bacteria Isolated from Various Drinking Water Sources.

Objective:To evaluate the indigenous bacterial strains of drinking water from the most commercial water types including bottled and filtered water that are currently used in Saudi Arabia.Methods:Thirty randomly selected commercial brands of bottled water were purchased from Saudi local markets. Moreover, samples from tap water and filtered water were collected in sterilized glass bottles and stored at 4°C. Biochemical analyses including pH, temperature, lactose fermentation test (LAC), indole test (IND), methyl red test (MR), Voges-Proskauer test (VP), urease test (URE), catalase test (CAT), aerobic and anaerobic test (Ae/An) were measured. Molecular identification and comparative sequence analyses were done by full length 16S rRNA gene sequences using gene bank databases and phylogenetic trees were constructed to see the closely related similarity index between bacterial strains.Results:Among 30 water samples tested, 18 were found positive for bacterial growth. Molecular identification of four selected bacterial strains indicated the alarming presence of pathogenic bacteria Bacillus spp. in most common commercial types of drinking water used in Saudi Arabia.Conclusion:The lack of awareness about good sanitation, poor personal hygienic practices and failure of safe water management and supply are the important factors for poor drinking water quality in these sources, need to be addressed.

CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBIOGRAM STUDY OF CLOSTRIDIUM CHAUVOEI ISOLATED FROM FIELD CASES OF BLACK LEG IN CATTLE

Clostridium chauvoei is the etiological agent of black quarter (BQ), an infectious disease affecting mainly young cattle and sheep. The present study was designed with a view to isolate and identifies Cl. chauvoei from field cases. A total of 4 clinically suspected samples were collected during the period from January 2013 to November 2013 from Monohardi, Narshindi (n=1); Sujanagar, Pabna (n=1) and Veterinary Clinic of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh (n=2). The samples were processed and were cultured anaerobically on blood agar. Gram stain and hanging drop techniques were performed with the cultured bacteria. Biochemical properties of the isolates were studied, and antibiotic sensitivity test was done by disk diffusion method. In Gram stain, all isolates showed numerous short, thick, straight, round-ended, gram positive rod occurs singly or in short chains. The spores of the organism were elongated, oval, sub terminal or terminal and wider than the cell, giving a typical pear-shaped appearance. All the Cl. chauvoei isolates fermented dextrose, maltose, lactose and sucrose and produced acid and gas. In case of mannitol fermentation, only acid was produced. Catalase, oxidase, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer and indole tests were found to be negative. All isolates were resistant to oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, whereas the isolates were sensitive to penicillin and gentamicin. In conclusion, penicillin and gentamicin can be the drugs of choice for effective treatment of BQ in cattle of Bangladesh.

Isolation and characterization of Acetobacter aceti from rotten papaya

The present study was concerned with the isolation and characterization of Acetobacter aceti from rotten papaya for vinegar production. The samples were inoculated in sterilized GYC standard media and then incubated at 30°C for 48 hours. Successive subculture was performed to screen out the strains. In Gram’s staining, the morphology of the isolated bacteria exhibited pink, small rod shaped single, pair and chain in arrangement, in the hanging drops technique, all the isolates revealed motile. Biochemical tests were performed by fermentation of five basic sugars by producing both acid and gas bubbles in Durham tube. All of the isolates were Indole, Voges-Proskauer (VP) and Oxidase negative, Methyl Red (MR) and Catalase positive. The growth rate of isolated strain was optimized by weighing dry cell and turbidity at 600 nm at different concentrations of dextrose (1%, 5% and 10%). Ten (10) percent dextrose solution showed rapid growth and higher cell mass than 5% and 1% solution respectively. Acidity of the media gradually increased from 0.102% to 2.18% from day 0 to day 7 and pH of the media decreased from 6.8 to 5.5 during the period. This protocol was successful for enriching Acetobacter aceti, which was essential for vinegar production.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(2): 299-306, December 2015

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Enterococcus cecorum strains associated with infections in poultry.

BackgroundFrom the beginning of the 21st century Enterococcus cecorum has emerged as a significant health problem for poultry raised under intensive production systems. To obtain new insights into this bacterial species, we investigated 82 clinical isolates originating from different poultry flocks in Poland between 2011 and 2014.ResultsPhenotypically, isolates from clinical cases showed ability to growth at low temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C), and differences in growth at 45 °C (74.4 %). Survival at high temperatures (60 °C, 70 °C) was observed for 15, 30 min. More than half of strains survived at 60 °C even after prolonged incubation (1 h), but none survived after 1 h at 70 °C. Total growth inhibition was observed on agar supplemented with tergitol or potassium tellurite. Relatively high number of isolates gave positive reactions for β-galactosidase (βGAL 80 %), Voges Proskauer test (60 %), less for β-mannosidase (17 %), glycogen and mannitol (12 %). The metabolic fingerprinting for E. cecorum obtained in Biolog system revealed ability to metabolise 22 carbon sources. Only 27/82 strains contained ≥ 1 virulence genes of tested 7, however 2.4 % isolates carried 6. Increased antimicrobial resistance was observed to enrofloxacin (87 %), teicoplanin (85 %), doxycycline (83 %), erythromycin (46 %). Most strains (75/82) showed multidrug resistance. The single isolate was resistant to vancomycin (VRE) and high level gentamicin (HLGR). Linezolid resistance among clinical isolates was not found. PFGE revealed diversity of E. cecorum from cases. It could be assumed that transmission of pathogenic strains between flocks regardless of type of production or geographical region may be possible.ConclusionsClinical infections in poultry caused by E. cecorum may indicated on new properties of this bacterial species, previously known as a commensal. Despite many common phenotypic features, differences were found among clinical isolates. Several, widely distributed pathogenic E. cecorum strains seemed to be responsible for infection cases found in different poultry types.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0761-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.