Vocational Guidance Activities Research Articles

The role of career guidance activities of a pedagogical university in the professional self-determination of applicants

Introduction. The intensification of socio-cultural and technological transformations contributes to the constant rethinking of career guidance practices in the context of a changing perception of the values of professions by modern schoolchildren and to the formation of an informed choice about the trajectory of their professional development.Aim. The present research aims to analyse the forms and formats of career guidance activities implemented by pedagogical universities; to determine the most effective forms and formats in terms of increasing motivation and interest in the teaching profession; and to assess the level of awareness of the choice of a teacher profession among applicants.Methodology and research methods. In this study, the problem of the effectiveness of the forms and formats of vocational guidance activities of pedagogical universities is considered from the point of view of the methodology of environmental and cultural approaches, which determine the presence of links between socio-cultural and educational space as an influencing factor in the personality formation and development in a social system changing under the impact of external objective factors.The current empirical study was based on a mixed design. In order to verify and triangulate the results obtained in the study, the authors carried out an expert assessment of the representation of various forms of career guidance implemented by pedagogical universities, and investigated the perception of the effectiveness of career guidance activities by first-year students. The sample of the respondents was made up of 1,628 first-year students aged from 16 to 44 years, who enrolled in full-time and part-time bachelor’s degree programmes 44.00.00 Education and Pedagogical Sciences (based on the intergraded group of specialties). The respondents were asked to assess the frequency of participation and the degree of influence of career guidance activities on the choice of profession at the stage preceding admission to university, as well as to answer questions that determine factors affecting professional choice.Empirical data were processed by means of frequency, comparative and multivariate analysis, using median test, Pearson’s chi-square criterion, factor analysis.Results. The main formats of career guidance activities implemented by pedagogical universities were identified. The analysis of the content of the events shows that pedagogical universities implement various career guidance practices in cooperation with regional education systems aimed at attracting the most trained and professionally oriented applicants to the field of pedagogical education in the region.It was revealed that the students, who entered the pedagogical university, most often participated in traditional career guidance activities, while the formats of career guidance involving active methods of working with applicants are represented in their experience to the least extent.Three types of career guidance activities were identified: the most passive role is assigned to applicants within the framework of career guidance presentation; the opportunity to express oneself appears within the framework of pre-professional pedagogical training; and the greatest subjectivity of the applicant is actualised by activities implying his/her involvement in pedagogical activity.Students, who are characterised by a high level of involvement in career guidance activities, give a higher evaluation for the influence of active career guidance methods on the choice of profession and have a more pronounced motivation for choosing teaching profession.Scientific novelty. In this paper, career guidance activities have been studied through the use of a mixed design, verification and triangulation of the results obtained that allowed to empirically substantiate their typology and determine the nature of their impact on the professional self-determination of applicants.Practical significance. The research results can be used to improve the quality of career guidance work of pedagogical universities. The research materials can be employed in the development of regional development programmes, development programmes of pedagogical universities and educational organisations.

Vocational Guidance in Schools as a Factor of Social Stratification: New Practices in the Russian Education System

The world of work is undergoing changes, necessitating a new approach to guiding school students in their career choices by the government, society, and businesses. In recent years, numerous initiatives have been implemented to expand young people's exposure to various professions. However, there is still no clear nationwide plan for establishing partnerships between schools and representatives of the real economy in terms of vocational guidance. Today's youth require organised career guidance support because relying solely on the experience of parents and previous generations when choosing a profession is no longer sufficient. During the Soviet era, the state played a more significant role in ensuring the welfare and social protection of workers, while industrialisation provided universal career trajectories and clear guidelines on preferred professions and education. Today, individual human capital has become a crucial resource for social mobility and high-paying jobs, and the growth of the service sector and technological progress have elevated the demand for highly skilled labor rather than specific professions in certain economic sectors. The first part of the article focuses on reviewing important questions that need to be addressed when considering this issue. Is there a need for centralised efforts by society and the state to organise vocational guidance activities and assist teenagers in choosing a profession today? What is the transformation of the discourse on school vocational guidance in post-Soviet Russia? In the second part of the article, based on the results of a pilot study on the opinions of young men and women in Moscow, the embodiment of educational priorities in actual practice is analysed. The author concludes that the problem persists in the sense that school vocational guidance experiences are still unequal and strongly tied to pre-professional training, initially built on disparities in opportunities to explore professions, particularly in STEM fields.

Эмоциональные характеристики профессиональных установок старшеклассников

Introduction. The problem of professional self-determination in Russian and international psychology has been addressed for a long time and has not lost its relevance. Russian and international research mostly presents studies that consider the relationship of professional identity on student samples or in professional groups, and the studies mostly focus on the development of skills in the IT sphere. There is considerably less research aimed at studying the readiness for professional self-determination among students aged 15-18. The aim of the research was to study the emotional characteristics of professional attitudes among high school graduates and college students of the first and second years. Materials and Methods. In order to obtain empirical data, we used: Questionnaire of Professional Attitudes of Adolescents (I.M. Kondakov); Questionnaire of Emotional Attitudes towards the Future (M.R. Ginzburg); Questionnaire of Self-Realization Assessment (M.R. Ginzburg). Research Results and Discussion. The data obtained in our study demonstrates the relationship between emotional characteristics of the future and professional attitudes, indicating that the self-determination process is experienced by modern youth quite acutely. The data obtained in our study demonstrates the relationship between emotional characteristics of the future and professional attitudes, indicating that the self-determination process is experienced by modern youth quite acutely. Meaningful connections between the characteristics of self-determination and the emotional connotation of the future were identified and analyzed. Immaturity of professional self-determination is characterized by emotional experience of the future, manifestation of anxiety, despair and worry. Professional attitudes: “Rationalism of professional choice”, “Optimism about professional future” and “High self-esteem” are regarded as appropriate attitudes to the situation of professional self-determination; “Dependence and indecision in professional choice” are characterized by personal immaturity to professional self-determination, emotional experience of the future. Most likely, this emotional attitude towards the future is caused not only by the expanding range of opportunities for self-realization provided by the digital economy, but also by the high mobility of socio-economic processes and global uncertainty of the future. Conclusion. The results of the research suggest the conclusion about the relationship between the emotional characteristics of the attitude towards the future and professional attitudes of high school students, which can be used to improve the efficiency of vocational guidance activities with high school students.

Development of professional self-awareness of students in the conditions of vocational guidance activities of universities

Development of professional self-awareness of students in the conditions of vocational guidance activities of universities

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Vocational Guidance Activities of the University Using Machine Learning

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Vocational Guidance Activities of the University Using Machine Learning

Tourism 4.0: Education, Pedagogy and Digital Learning Solutions for the Russian Arctic

The study aims to identify the main problems associated with the provision of professional tourism training and the creation of a tourism talent pool for the Russian Arctic in the context of Industry 4.0. The article analyses the current socio-economic factors that determine the development of the Russian Arctic. The pedagogical environment’s crucial aspects are systematised to ensure an effective educational process in modern tourism pedagogy. The necessary conditions required for creating the high competitiveness of tourism specialist are determined. The factors and features of tourism personnel training for the Russian Arctic are systematised. An analysis of the organic tourism design concept is carried out. Based on the results obtained, methodological recommendations for the Tourism 4.0 educational process and the formation of a Russian Arctic tourism talent pool are proposed. The necessity of developing the latest competencies for competitive specialists and vocational guidance in the needs of Tourism 4.0 has been substantiated. A model of arctic tourism vocational guidance activities withing integration “education throughout life” into the full educational and life cycle is proposed. The need to increase the level of digital literacy and in-demand informational, tech skills, communication competencies and over-professional skills of the tourism talent pool for the Russian Arctic has been substantiated. The latest technologies that must be studied and applied in tourism pedagogy are listed.

Motivos de elección de carreras universitarias por parte de estudiantes de bachillerato en México. un estudio comparativo desde una perspectiva de género

The objective of this study was to analyse if male and female high school students present different motives for choosing academic careers. The study comprises a sample of 3,152 students, from Altos Sur Region of Jalisco, in Mexico, belonging to eight different schools. 58% of the sample were women and 42% men. The survey included questions concerning the interest in pursuing an academic career, and the reasons for that. University degree and the reasons that drive their choice were identified. The results indicate there are significant differences between man and women as regards the reasons for choosing a university degree. While women say that vocation was the most important motive leading them to higher education, men presented economic reasons and social recognition as the main justifications for that. It is concluded that gender stereotypes still influence the choice for a university career among high school students. Therefore, it is recommended to promote counseling and vocational guidance activities that integrate a gender perspective for overcoming the cultural beliefs that prevent women from having an academic career.

Особенности организации работы по обучению навыкам оказания первой доврачебной помощи в техническом вузе

An inquiry into the modern scientific sources and the global and Russian trends in the development of human life safety issues pointed to the importance of premedical first aid knowledge and skills. This study considered the organization of educational and extracurricular processes of the graduate department of a technical university aimed at the formation of premedical first aid skills in students. It examined the possibilities of the university divisions and the features of how educational, extracurricular, career guidance and other training work is organized in two structural divisions where the teaching staff of the department takes part in the activity under study. The paper offers examples of the author developments in teaching Health and Wellness (all Bachelor majors and training programs) to Bachelor, Master and Specialist students in groups assigned to the graduate department. The types of work that contribute to acquiring the necessary competencies by students of the Institute of Postgraduate Professional Education were analyzed. The paper shows additional possibilities of the graduate department in the organization of extracurricular and vocational guidance activities, aimed at formation of the premedical first aid skills, and gives examples of activities in which the practical component is particularly important. A distinction of all activities in which the teaching staff of the department participates is that they are held consistently, thus contributing to the consolidation of the learning outcome in students of different categories at a technical university.

НОВОЕ ПОКОЛЕНИЕ Z. ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИОННОЙ РАБОТЫ

The article actualizes the problems of vocational guidance activities with modern students. The author approaches the solution of this problem by identifying the specifics of the new generation Z and the features of career guidance counseling in accordance with this specific. The structure of the model of career guidance counseling has been developed and described, which is revealed in its phase and stages.

THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUAL VARIABLES AMONG TWELFTH GRADE STUDENTS AND THEIR PARENTS ON THE LEVEL OF PROFESSIONAL AWARENESS: A CASE STUDY IN AL BATINAH REGION SOUTH THE SULTANATE OF OMAN

This quantitative study discussed the effect of individual variables among students and their parents on the level of occupational awareness. The problem emerges from the presence of many individual variables that affect the student's professional choice, including the student's knowledge of himself and his capabilities and his ability to make the right professional decision, in light of variables: gender, educational level of the father, family income level, age of the father. Therefore, the aim of the study was to discuss the effect of variables (gender, educational level of the father, level of family income, age of the father) in finding statistically significant differences in occupational awareness among twelfth grade students and their parents. I followed the descriptive analytical research methodology. The study population consisted of all 12th graders in the region. They are (6125) male and female students, distributed among (37) schools in six states. The sample consisted of (312) students. The number of males (152) and females (160). These students meet their parents (312). A unified scale for occupational awareness for students and parents was designed, it included (47) items distributed in six areas: the field of vocational guidance activities, the direction towards work, professional inclinations and capabilities, professional decision-making, professional attention, and vocational planning. Statistical treatment: Descriptive analysis, (T) test, and ANOVA (One-Way) test were used. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in occupational awareness among twelfth grade students according to the gender variable and in favor of females. There are no statistically significant differences in Professional awareness among the twelfth grade students according to the variables (the educational level of the father, the level of the family's income, and the age of the father) There are no statistically significant differences in the professional awareness of the fathers of the twelfth grade students according to the variables (the educational level, the level of family income, and age).

THE LEVEL OF OCCUPATIONAL AWARENESS AMONG THE TWELFTH GRADE STUDENTS AND THEIR PARENTS IN THE AL BATINAH REGION, SOUTH OF THE SULTANATE OF OMAN

This quantitative study discussed the level of students' professional awareness. The problem arises from the presence of many factors that affect the student's professional choice, including the student's knowledge of himself and his capabilities and his ability to make a sound professional decision, and his knowledge of rehabilitation institutions, university education and the world of professions. Including what has to do with the surrounding environment, including parents and their professional awareness. So the aim of the study is: To know the level of occupational awareness among the twelfth-grade students and their parents in the Al Batinah region south of the Sultanate of Oman. And reveal the statistically significant differences in occupational awareness between the twelfth-grade students and their parents. Study methodology; I followed the descriptive analytical research methodology. The study population consisted of all 12th graders in the region. They are (6125) male and female students, distributed among (37) schools in six states. The sample consisted of (312) students. The number of males (152) and females (160). These students meet their parents (312). A unified scale for occupational awareness for students and parents was designed, it included (47) items distributed in six areas: the field of vocational guidance activities, the direction towards work, professional inclinations and capabilities, professional decision-making, professional attention, and vocational planning. Statistical treatment: Descriptive analysis, (T) test, and ANOVA (One-Way test) were used. The results showed that the level of students ’professional awareness is higher than the educationally acceptable average, as well as for their parents, and that the levels of students’ professional awareness fields for parents are (6) All of them came above the educationally acceptable average, and the results also showed that there were statistically significant differences in occupational awareness between students and their parents in favor of students.

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНА МОДЕЛЬ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНОГО САМОВИЗНАЧЕННЯ УЧНІВСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ В УМОВАХ ОСВІТНЬОГО ОКРУГУ


 
 
 The article is devoted to the consideration of the functional model of providing professional self-determination of pupils in the conditions of the educational district. It contains a description of the organization of the respective activities of the subjects of vocational guidance activities, which is provided with all available resources of educational districts and takes place in a complex way during the periodic, extra-curricular and extracurricular subject-transformation activities, during the pre-school preparation and profile education of the students of youth. According to the author, the model proves that the professional self-determination of students in the educational district occurs as a process of purposeful and consistent self-modification of the individual, which is carried out under the influence of the vocational guidance activity of the subjects of educational districts coordinated by the only structural unit determined by them in its composition.
 
 

STUDY ON THE INVOLVEMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY IN TRAINING AND LIFELONG LEARNING OF THE HIGH SCHOOL’S GRADUATES

The nowadays continuously expansion of the market for higher education services puts a high pressure on the management of such institutions. Universities are trying to keep their position on the market by applying theories and practices that have traditionally been used by the business environment. This paper proposes to adapt such a practice to higher education institutions. This is the strategy of backward vertical integration. We understand this by highlighting the possibilities that higher education institutions have to take over some of the activities carried out in high schools. Starting from the experience of a project to whose implementation the authors participated, the paper describes how the counseling and vocational guidance activities addressed to high school students can be carried out by the higher education institutions.

The introduction of intellectual system for evaluating professional abilities of applicants into the activities of educational institutions

The object of research is the methods and means of professional identification of applicants. The research aims to provide applicants with scientifically based decision support for choosing a field of study. The introduction of intelligent decision support systems in the process of self-actualization of applicants will significantly improve the effectiveness of vocational guidance activities of educational institutions. One of the biggest problems of the intellectualization of systems for assessing abilities and achievements is that the test results of applicants represent a lot of fuzzy data. At the same time, the correctness of data separation significantly depends on the construction of a fuzzy set of features for the conclusion of a diagnostic solution. In addition, the most common tests do not take into account the requirements for specialists of the construction industry. The basis of the developed system is tests to determine the personality structure of the Integrated Professional Orientation Diagnostics “Applicant”. This system contains reference information about the vocational category of training and tests for determining the structure of the individual. Conclusions are based on techniques that allow to predict the success of activities in various industries. The ability of a person to a certain professional activity reflects the ability to acquire special knowledge and skills in the learning process. That is why in the course of the study the Applicant tests were used. To improve the reliability of assessing the professional abilities of the applicant, it is proposed to use an intelligent system based on the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy neural network. This choice is due to the fact that the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang network has a number of features that provide it with advantages in solving the problem of matching the abilities of an applicant to the possibility of acquiring knowledge and skills in a particular specialty. In particular, the ability of fuzzy neural networks to separate linearly inseparable data. This ensures the ability of the system to isolate the natural abilities of applicants from a mixture of data. Compared to other means, the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang network makes it possible to solve the problem of classifying a very large amount of data by a network of smaller dimension.

Анализ конъюнктуры рынка образовательных услуг на региональном уровне

The article analyses the higher educational market in the sphere of socio-economic training in Novosibirsk region. The authors identify and analyze the factors affecting the enrollment of the first year students on a contract basis, and determine the market share of the leading universities in Novosibirsk region in socio-economic areas of training for full-time studies in bachelor's programs.
 The authors have analyzed the information of admission commissions of the leading universities in Novosibirsk region, obtained from their sites. Based on this information they determine the factors affecting the figures of enrolling on the commercial form of training: the minimum score of USE determined by each university for entry, the availability of state-funded place, the training cost, the availability of a hostel and the development of the social infrastructure of the university, the university marketing strategy effectiveness. It is noted that the existing market of educational services is characterized by a transition from quantitative indicators of recruitment of students to financial ones that affect the stability of the educational organization. The authors define the market shares, which are occupied by the largest higher educational institutions of the region. It is established that the reduction in the number of budget places and the increase in the number of places on a contract basis is one of the features of the educational services market. The work establishes and analyzes the statistical dependence between the number applicants and the number of first year students. 
 The modern educational market forces the universities to develop the system of vocational guidance activities: open days, Olympiads for schoolchildren on the site of the university, vocational guidance meetings in schools, excursions to the university, sports competitions between schoolchildren and students, the preparation of schoolchildren for Olympiads by the teachers of the university, the e-learning system for schoolchildren, the answers the questions of entrants in social networks. Without such vocational guidance activities the enrollment of students on a contract basis becomes extremely difficult.
 The article examines the market of educational services in socio-economic areas of training under bachelor's programs, and allocates the factors influencing its formation.

Study on Professional Guidance on Teaching Settings

Vocational guidance activities have an important role during the learning process. The happiness of individuals in their career is directly related with their love of the job they do. As a consequence, the importance should be paid to the vocational preference in the early stages of educational life. In this study, a research has been carried out about the secondary school students in Turkey. In the first step of the study students are asked which profession they will prefer. In the second step “Personality Inventory” Holland test is applied to students in order to see which profession field they tend to. In the last part of the research, the findings that are gathered by comparing the profession that each student in the sample would like to choose and the profession or professions that the student is apt to as a result of the test will be interpreted and suggestions will be offered to student him/herself, his family and to the institutions that is thought to be suitable.

English

This study explored the fifth grade elementary school students’ vocational aspiration and the factors affecting it. The sample consisted of 115 students in 20 elementary public schools with whom face-to-face interviews were conducted. The findings showed that engineering, medical doctor, and school teachers were the most frequently mentioned three vocations to which students aspired. Boys were found to aspire to traditionally-masculine occupations; girls aspired to traditionally-female occupations. Parents seemed to be the most influential factor on students’ vocational aspiration, followed by the favorite academic subject and social environment. On the other hand, vocational guidance activities were the least influential factor, which was not a surprise given that approximately 90% of the students indicated absence of vocational guidance activities. Based on the findings, improving the quality and quantity of the vocational guidance activities at schools is suggested. Key words: Elementary school, vocational aspiration, student.

Career Interests and Self‐Efficacy Beliefs Among Young Adults With an Intellectual Disability

AbstractWork is important for people with disabilities, and fosters their career development and quality of life. Findings from social cognitive theory suggest that transition to work and work inclusion processes should be based on opportunities to explore the world of work, awareness of professional options (of which people with an intellectual disability (ID) frequently have little knowledge), and consideration of career interests and self‐efficacy beliefs. The present study was aimed at verifying whether people with ID present interests and self‐efficacy beliefs in less complex occupations, and whether self‐efficacy beliefs can predict career interests, similar to results observed with individuals without ID. The study also investigated differences associated with ID level and with gender. One hundred and twenty‐nine young adults with ID were interviewed about their interests in and self‐efficacy beliefs concerning occupations in six different occupational areas (e.g., realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional). Results showed that participants with ID tended to be interested in, and have higher self‐efficacy belief levels, in low‐to‐mid‐complexity occupations and also showed the predictive role of self‐efficacy beliefs. Contrary to our expectations, however, no ID level or gender effects were observed. The findings underscore the importance of very early vocational guidance activities that emphasize these aspects in helping persons with ID set their professional goals.

An Assertiveness Training Program for Indecisive Students Attending an Italian University

Indecisive students often present with social skills problems, which may make academic and vocational decision‐making tasks difficult and complex for them. Moreover, choices regarding one's future require the ability to gather information, to search for help and support, to stave off intrusiveness and pressures, and to communicate one's decisions. Social competencies, particularly, play a significant role in vocational guidance activities. This article presents a training program devised to augment assertive competencies in indecisive students choosing a university course of study. Intended aims and the analyses to assess the efficacy of the intervention through self‐evaluation and role‐play assessment are described.

СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО САМООПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ БУДУЩИХ ВРАЧЕЙ

The lack of a formed professional self-determination among high school students leads to the fact that in the process of medical education and the first years of professional activity, a significant number of students and young specialists leave medicine. Purpose of the study: sociological assessment of professional self-determination of schoolchildren of the upper grades, including those who choose the profession of a doctor, as well as the factors that determine it. Methods. The study was conducted using a sociological survey using a specially developed questionnaire. Results. The level of professional self-determination of schoolchildren of the upper grades is low, one out of every three schoolchildren surveyed has not yet decided on the choice of the future profession, about 8 % of the students have not even chosen an approximate direction of future professional activity. Schoolchildren who have chosen the profession of a doctor, the main motivation is an adherence and a life situation, while prestige and the level of wages are not decisive. As the main base of forming professional self-determination two out of three respondents named the school, meaning the speech made for them by doctors and medical students. For those schoolchildren who have chosen the profession of a doctor on their own, the main motivation factor usually is the visit to the medical university during Doors Open Days. Conclusion. The most important role in the formation of professional self-determination of future doctors belongs to the development and implementation of vocational guidance activities carried out by the forces of the school and medical university.