Tocopherol Supplementation Research Articles

Impact of Tocopherol Supplementation on Clinical Parameters of Periodontal Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives: The significance of periodontal disease as a public health issue prompts the exploration of effective treatments, including the potential use of tocopherol (Vitamin E) due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Materials and Methods: The PICO statement (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) was as follows: In patients with periodontal disease, does tocopherol (Vitamin E) supplementation compared to no supplementation or insufficient Vitamin E intake improve clinical outcomes such as gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels? This study searched through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to June 2024 focused on studies involving human subjects with various forms of periodontal disease, analyzing the impact of tocopherol through dietary or supplementary intake. Primary outcomes evaluated included improvements in gingival inflammation, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels, with data synthesis conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Quality assessment and risk of bias were meticulously performed for the included observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Results: The meta-analysis incorporated 8 studies that were used for data extraction, totaling 12,832 patients, revealing a heterogeneous response to tocopherol supplementation, with a pooled odds ratio for efficacy in reducing periodontal disease severity at about 0.97 (95% CI: 0.96-0.98). Noteworthy findings indicated a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss and pocket depth with odds ratios ranging from 1.15 to 9.33 when Vitamin E was insufficient. However, the considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 88.35%) underscores variations in tocopherol's effectiveness across different populations and study designs. Conclusions: While tocopherol supplementation shows a modest benefit in managing periodontal disease, particularly in reducing clinical attachment levels and pocket depth, the variability in outcomes emphasizes the necessity for more research to establish standardized treatment protocols and dosages.

Effects of 12-weeks resistance training and vitamin E supplementation on aminotransferases, CTRP-2, and CTRP-9 levels in males with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a double-blind, randomized trial

BackgroundNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves excessive liver fat accumulation and is closely linked to oxidative stress, which contributes to liver inflammation and damage. This study aimed to evaluate how interventions such as resistance training (RT) and vitamin E supplementation (VES) can modulate markers of NAFLD and key proteins regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, such as C1Q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs).MethodsForty participants with NAFLD (mean age: 32.4 ± 8.2 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups for 12 weeks: placebo (PLB), VES, PLB + RT, and VES + RT. VES was administered at 800 IU/day in a double-blind manner. The RT regimen included eight exercises at 60–80% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), with three sets of 8–12 repetitions, performed three times per week. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included body composition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipid profile, glycemic control, CTRP-2, CTRP-9, and 1RM evaluations.ResultsFollowing the interventions, there was a significant improvement in body composition, lipid profile, glycemic control, and 1RM indices in the exercise groups compared to non-exercise groups (p < 0.05). AST and ALT levels decreased in all groups (p < 0.05) compared to the PLB group. There was also a significant difference between the VES + RT group and both the VES and PLB + RT groups (p < 0.05). CTRP-2 and CTRP-9 levels decreased in the exercise groups compared to non-exercise groups (p < 0.05), and their changes showed a marked correlation with body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic control indices (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study highlights the benefits of RT on various health parameters among NAFLD patients. While adding VES to RT resulted in greater decreases in aminotransferases, it did not provide further improvements in other variables. Additionally, enhancements in body composition, lipid profile, and glycemic control indices were possibly associated with decreased levels of CTRPs.Trial registrationRegistered retrospectively in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20220601055056N1) on December 21, 2023. Access at https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/trial/69231.

Vitamin E alleviates glyphosate-based herbicide-induced progesterone secretion inhibition and oxidative stress increase in chicken primary granulosa cells

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are the most extensively used herbicides worldwide. Despite a presumed nondangerousness for animals, several studies reported negative effects after a GBH exposure in several animal models including birds, notably on reproductive functions. Several studies concerning the advantages of Vitamin E (VE) for antioxidant activity but also growth and reproduction have been reported in birds. However, it remains unclear whether VE could alleviate the negative effect of GBHs on chicken ovarian cells. Here we exposed chicken primary granulosa cells (GCs) from F1 and F3/4 follicles to growing doses of GBH (0.036, 0.36, 3.6, and 36 gly eq/L), with or without VE supplementation (1 mg/L) and investigated cell viability, proliferation, oxidative stress and steroidogenesis. GBH exposure did not affect F1 and F3 GCs viability but it increased cell proliferation only in F1 GCs and this effect was not altered by VE. In both F1 and F3/4 GCs, GBH exposure increased total oxidant status (TOS), reduced total antioxidant status (TAS) and consequently increased index of oxidative stress (OSI) in dose dependent manner. This latter effect for GBH 36 mg eq gly/L was totally abolished in response to VE. In both F1 and F3/4 GCs, GBH exposure reduced progesterone secretion in a dose dependent manner and this effect with GBH 0.36 and 1.8 mg eq glyphosate/L was alleviated by VE. However, we did not observe any effect of GBH and VE on the gene expression of several components of the steroidogenesis process. Taken together, these results show that GBH may have endocrine disruptor effects, and that these effects might be alleviated by antioxidant VE supplementation.

Effect of dietary inclusion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ and vitamin E on performance, gut health, oxidative status, and immune response in laying hens infected with coccidiosis

Vitamin D3 (25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (VD)) and vitamin E (VE) have proven to have immunomodulatory and antioxidant functions along with capacities to improve the reproductive function in chickens. Coccidiosis in laying hens at different stages of growth has been shown to negatively affect performance, immune response, and oxidative status, thus increasing the cost of production. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dietary VD or VE on performance, gut health, immune response, and oxidative status of laying hens at peak production. Laying hens (23 wk-of-age, n = 225) were randomly allocated into 5 treatment groups (n = 9 hens/replicate) with 5 replicate groups each: 1) unchallenged control (UC), 2) pair-fed control (PF), 3) challenged control (CC), 4) challenged control top-dressed with 5,000 IU of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) per kg of diet, and 5) challenged control top-dressed with 100 IU of DL-α-tocopherol (VE). At 25 wk-of-age, hens grouped in CC, VD, and VE were challenged with mixed Eimeria spp. to induce coccidiosis. VD or VE supplemented hens did not impact bird body weight; however, egg production increased by 10.36% and 13.77%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the gut health of the hens was improved with either VD or VE supplementation, as indicated by lowered gut permeability and intestinal lesion scores (P < 0.05). VE significantly reduced the heterophil count (P = 0.0490) alongside numerically increasing the peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and monocyte counts (P > 0.05). Both VD or VE increased the TAC at 14 DPI compared to UC (P<0.05). Preliminary findings suggest that dietary VD or VE supplementation has the potential to improve gut health, modulate the immune response, and increase egg production in coccidiosis-infected laying hens.

Ovary metabolome and cecal microbiota changes in aged laying hens supplemented with vitamin E

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin E (VE) on laying performance, VE deposition, antioxidant capacity, immunity, follicle development, estrogen secretion, ovary metabolome, and cecal microbiota of laying hens. One hundred and twenty XinYang Black-Feathered laying hens (70 wk old) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (6 replicates of 20 birds), and fed a basal diet (containing 20 mg/kg VE, control (CON) group) and a basal diet supplemented with 20 mg/kg VE (VE group). The experiment lasted for 10 wk. Results showed that VE supplementation increased laying performance, antioxidant capacity, and immunity, as evidenced by increased (P < 0.05) performance (laying rate), antioxidant (glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase) and immune (immunoglobulins) parameters, and decreased (P < 0.05) feed/egg ratio and malondialdehyde. Meanwhile, VE group had higher (P < 0.05) pregrade follicles, ovary index and serum estrogen levels than CON group. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that VE supplementation altered the cecal microbiota composition by increasing Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Megamonas abundances and reducing Christensenellaceae_R-7_group abundance (at genus level), which are mainly associated with the production of short-chain fatty acids. Metabolomic profiling of the ovary revealed that the major metabolites altered by VE supplementation were mainly related to follicle development, estrogen secretion, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, phototransduction, bile acid synthesis, and nutrient transport. Furthermore, changes in cecal microbiota (at genus level) and ovary metabolites were highly correlated with laying performance, antioxidant, and immune parameters. In summary, VE contributed to the laying performance of aged laying hens by enhancing antioxidant, immune, and ovarian functions, promoting follicle development and estrogen secretion, and regulating gut microbiota and ovary metabolites. These findings will provide a new perspective on the mechanisms of egg production in aged poultry ovaries.

Effects of dietary supplementation of grape seed extract in comparison with excessive level of vitamin E on growth performance and antioxidant function of broilers

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) or grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance and antioxidant function of broilers. Two hundred sixteen broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 diets: diet supplemented with oxidized rice bran oil (CN group), CN group with 25 mg/kg VE or 100 mg/kg GSE. Dietary VE or GSE improved the growth performance, reverted the disturbed levels of liver antioxidant enzymes, and reduced liver damage of broilers fed oxidized rice bran oil. The mRNA data showed that supplementation of VE or GSE enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the broiler liver through activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. The results suggested that VE and GSE can increase weight gain, improve the oxidative status, and alleviate liver injury in broiler chicken fed oxidized rice bran oil.

Vitamin E alleviates pyraclostrobin-induced toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and its potential mechanisms

Strobilurin fungicides (SFs) are commonly used in agriculture worldwide and frequently detected in aquatic environments. High toxicity of SFs to aquatic organisms has caused great concerns. To explore whether vitamin E (VE) can relieve the toxicity caused by pyraclostrobin (PY), zebrafish were exposed to PY with or without VE supplementation. When co-exposure with VE (20 μM), the 96 h-LC50 values of PY to zebrafish embryos, adult, and the 24 h-LC50 value of PY to larvae increased from 43.94, 58.36 and 38.16 μg/L to 64.72, 108.62 and 72.78 μg/L, respectively, indicating that VE significantly decreased the toxicity of PY to zebrafish at different life stages. In addition, VE alleviated the deformity symptoms (pericardial edema and brain damage), reduced speed and movement distance, and decreased heart rate caused by 40 μg/L PY in zebrafish larvae. Co-exposure of PY with VE significantly reduced PY-caused larval oxidative stress and immunotoxicity via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and level of glutathione, as well as reducing the malondialdehyde production and the expression levels of Nrf2, Ucp2, IL-8, IFN and CXCL-C1C. Meanwhile, the expression levels of gria4a and cacng4b genes, which were inhibited by PY, were significantly up-regulated after co-exposure of PY with VE. Moreover, co-exposure with VE significantly reversed the increased mitochondrial DNA copies and reduced ATP content caused by PY in larvae, but had no effect on the expression of cox4i1l and activity of complex III that reduced by PY, suggesting VE can partially improve PY-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, the potential mechanisms of VE alleviating PY-induced toxicity may be ascribed to decreasing the oxidative stress level, restoring the functions of heart and nervous system, and improving the immunity and mitochondrial function in zebrafish.

Add-on effects of oral tocopherol supplementation to surgical varicocelectomy on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology: a single-center pilot study report.

Varicocelectomy is well known to improve the pregnancy outcome of patients with clinical varicoceles in assisted reproductive technologies as well as spontaneous conception. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the additional effects of oral antioxidant therapy after varicocelectomy on the pregnancy outcome in the assisted reproductive technology setting. This study was a retrospective cohort study. The subjects were couples among whom the male partner had undergone varicocelectomy and was scheduled for subsequent assisted reproductive technology. Pregnancy outcomes were followed retrospectively in 62 couples with male partners who received tocopherol (antioxidant group) and 37 couples who did not (control group). The tocopherol and control groups were assigned dependent on the decision of the physician in charge and the patient's request. The clinical pregnancy rates per couple and embryo transfer, time to pregnancy, and the number of cycles during transfer to pregnancy were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the pregnancy rate per couple (antioxidant group 70.9% vs. control group 64.9%, P = 0.55) and per embryo transfer (50.4% vs. 39.6%, P = 0.22). Regarding the time to event analyzed by adjusted restricted mean survival time, the mean time to pregnancy was significantly shorter in the antioxidant (tocopherol) group (14.2 vs. 17.4 months, P = 0.025). No significant difference was observed in the embryo transfer cycle to pregnancy (mean embryo transfer cycles: 2.6 vs. 3.0, P = 0.238). Additional oral tocopherol nicotinate as antioxidant therapy after varicocelectomy was shown to shorten the time to pregnancy. It is recommended that add-on effects be tested in more well-designed randomized controlled trials to examine whether it improves assisted reproductive outcomes.

Organic selenium and tocopherol supplementation for multiparous sows without adiabatic cooling: Effects on performance, milk composition, and serum antioxidant enzymes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic selenium (Se) and tocopherol to peak producing and older sows without adiabatic cooling on physiological parameters, reproductive performance, milk composition, litter performance, and serum antioxidant enzymes. A total of 96 sows were allotted in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 experimental groups and 2 parity orders (3–4th and above 5th). The experimental groups consisted of: ACCon – sows with adiabatic cooling and fed with control diet; WACCon – sows without adiabatic cooling and fed with control diet; WACSe – sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se; WACSeE – sows without adiabatic cooling with dietary supplementation of 0.3 mg/kg organic Se and 90 UI of tocopherol. During the experimental period, the average temperature and humidity were 27.8 °C and 78.4%, respectively. Sows that received adiabatic cooling had lower respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and neck temperature when compared to the others sows (P < 0.05). Sows supplemented with organic Se and tocopherol had shorter wean-to-estrus interval than those not supplemented (P < 0.05). Sows supplemented with organic Se and tocopherol had higher concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in relation to the other experimental groups and higher levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) than non-supplemented sows (P < 0.05). Piglets from sows supplemented with organic Se and tocopherol showed higher levels of GSH-Px and SOD in relation to the other experimental groups (P < 0.05). Under equatorial climate conditions, dietary supplementation of organic Se and tocopherol for multiparous sows reduces wean-to-estrus interval and increase expression of enzymatic antioxidant of sows and piglets.

Replacement of Vitamin E by an Extract from an Olive Oil By-Product, Rich in Hydroxytyrosol, in Broiler Diets: Effects on Growth Performance and Breast Meat Quality.

The hypothesis of this experiment was that a liquid rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT) obtained from "alperujo", an olive oil by-product, could replace part of the added vitamin E (VE) as an antioxidant in poultry diets. There were five diets that differed exclusively in the substitution of supplemental VE (0 to 40 mg/kg, with differences of 10 mg/kg) by HT (30 to 0 mg/kg, with differences of 7.5 mg/kg). The basal diet was based on corn and soybean meal and provided 10 mg VE/kg. From 0 to 39 d of age, the growth performance of the birds was not affected by diet. The birds were slaughtered at 39 d of age to evaluate the quality of the breast, and malonaldehyde concentration, pH, color, and drip loss were measured. In terms of meat lipid oxidation, the combination of 22.5 mg HT/kg and 10 mg of added VE/kg equalized to a diet supplemented with 40 mg VE/kg. Meat color improved in broilers fed 7.5 mg HT/kg and 30 mg VE/kg. It is concluded that once the nutritional requirements of the birds in VE are satisfied, the dietary supplementation with the olive oil by-product rich in HT can be used as a strategy to spare VE in broiler diets.

Replacement of Vitamin E by an Extract from an Olive Oil by-Product, Rich in Hydroxytyrosol, in Broiler Diets: Effects on Liver Traits, Oxidation, Lipid Profile, and Transcriptome.

The study examines the effect of replacing vitamin E (VE) with a liquid obtained from alpeorujo, an olive oil by-product rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT), as an antioxidant in broiler chicken feeds on the gene expression, lipid profile, and oxidation in the liver. There were five diets that differed only in the substitution of supplemental VE (0 to 40 mg/kg with differences of 10 mg/kg) by HT (30 to 0 mg/kg with differences of 7.5 mg/kg). A linear decrease (p < 0.05) in α-tocopherol concentration in the liver was observed with the replacement of VE by HT. There were no significant changes in triglyceride, cholesterol, or TBARS concentrations. The hepatic transcriptome showed 378 differentially expressed genes between broilers fed HT15 (20 mg/kg VE and 15 mg/kg HT) and HT0 (40 mg/kg VE) diets (p < 0.05 and fold change less or higher than 1.3). Significant changes in cell cycle, cell nucleus activity, neuroactivity, and necroptosis pathways and functions were observed. It is concluded that the olive oil by-product, rich in HT, could be used to spare VE as an antioxidant in broiler diets without affecting liver lipid and TBARS concentrations. The differential gene expression analysis showed a potential role of olive polyphenols in enhancing the chicken immune response.

Effects of functional nutrients on chicken intestinal epithelial cells induced with oxidative stress.

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of functional nutrients including various functional amino acids, vitamins, and minerals on chicken intestinal epithelial cells (cIECs) treated with oxidative stress. The cIECs were isolated from specific pathogen free eggs. Cells were exposed to 0 mM supplement (control), 20 mM threonine (Thr), 0.4 mM tryptophan (Trp), 1 mM glycine (Gly), 10 μM vitamin C (VC), 40 μM vitamin E (VE), 5 μM vitamin A (VA), 34 μM chromium (Cr), 0.42 μM selenium (Se), and 50 μM zinc (Zn) for 24 h with 6 replicates for each treatment. After 24 h, cells were further incubated with fresh culture medium (positive control, PC) or 1 mM H2O2 with different supplements (negative control, NC and each treatment). Oxidative stress was measured by cell proliferation, whereas tight junction barrier function was analyzed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran permeability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Results indicated that cell viability and TEER values were less (p < 0.05) in NC treatments with oxidative stress than in PC treatments. In addition, FITC-dextran values were greater (p < 0.05) in NC treatments with oxidative stress than in PC treatments. The supplementations of Thr, Trp, Gly, VC, and VE in cells treated with H2O2 showed greater (p < 0.05) cell viability than the supplementation of VA, Cr, Se, and Zn. The supplementations of Trp, Gly, VC, and Se in cells treated with H2O2 showed the least (p < 0.05) cellular permeability. In addition, the supplementation of Thr, VE, VA, Cr, and Zn in cells treated with H2O2 decreased (p < 0.05) cellular permeability. At 48 h, the supplementations of Thr, Trp, and Gly in cells treated with H2O2 showed the greatest (p < 0.05) TEER values among all treatments, and the supplementations of VC and VE in cells treated with H2O2 showed greater (p < 0.05) TEER values than the supplementations of VA, Cr, Se, and Zn in cells treated with H2O2. In conclusion, Thr, Trp, Gly, and VC supplements were effective in improving cell viability and intestinal barrier function of cIECs exposed to oxidative stress.

Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality characteristics of finishing bulls

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) on growth performance, slaughter performance, antioxidant capacity and meat quality characteristics of finishing bulls. Twenty Yanbian cattle (bulls) with initial body weight (BW) 485 ± 42 kg were randomly divided into two groups (control and treatment groups) and participated in a100-day finishing trial. The control group (CON) was fed a basal diet (total mixed ration, TMR). The treatment group was fed a basal diet supplemented with VE (provided as α-tocopherol acetate, 700 IU/bull/day). VE supplementation significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of finishing bulls, the beef marbling score, meat color parameters (a* [redness]), intramuscular fat content, the concentration of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), VE and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-13) in the serum and muscle tissue (P < 0.05). VE supplementation significantly decreased drip loss and cooking loss of the beef, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the serum and muscle tissue, the concentration of malondialdehyde in the muscle tissue (P < 0.05), and tended to decrease the feed: gain (P = 0.077) and shear force (P = 0.062) of the beef. In conclusion, VE supplementation can improve the meat quality parameters of finishing bulls, especially the improvement of beef tenderness. The improvement of beef tenderness by VE supplementation may be related to the increase of MMPs concentration, and a potential mechanism for the secretion of MMPs by VE supplementation may be related to its antioxidant capacity.

Different Effect of Vitamin E or Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation to Sow's Diet on Oxidative Status and Performances of Weaned Piglets.

Different feeding strategies are being applied to sows in order to obtain homogeneous piglets' weights and improved health status. This study evaluated how the dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE) (100 mg/kg), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) (1.5 mg/kg) or the combined administration (VE + HXT) given to Iberian sows from day 85 of gestation affected the growth pattern of the piglets and their oxidative status; and quantified what these effects were due to. Dietary VE and HXT improved the oxidative status of sows and piglets. Both VE and HXT modified the growth pattern at birth and performances of the piglets in a different way according to the growing period. Piglets' performances were positively correlated with plasma VE and negatively with plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) of the sow. However, the highest variation in growth patterns was explained by the colostrum composition. Significant linear equations were observed between piglets' performances and colostrum saturated (SAT), n-7 monounsaturated fatty acids (C16:1n-7 and C18:1n-7) and different desaturases indices. This study would confirm that VE supplementation to the sow diet could be more adequate than HXT for the improved development during the first weeks of a piglet's life. The combined administration of both antioxidants would not produce additional positive effects compared to the individual supplementation.

Growth performance, antioxidant indexes, and the expression of genes were considerably promoted by dietary supplementation of alanyl‐glutamine and vitamin E in juvenile marine medaka in seawater acidification by carbon dioxide

AbstractThe experiment was conducted to study the effect of different dietary supplementation of alanyl‐glutamine dipeptide (AGD) and/or vitamin E (VE) on the growth performance, antioxidant indexes, and the expression of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARⱭ) genes in juvenile marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) in seawater acidification. Seven groups of juvenile marine medaka in triplicate were studied in an ecosystem. One of them was in normal seawater (pH 8.1, pH control), and the others were in seawater acidification (pH 7.7) regulated by carbon dioxide (CO2). The juveniles were separately fed for 10 weeks using one of six different diets. The six diets were one control diet (basic feed) without supplements and the other diets with different amounts of additional AGD and/or VE. The juveniles were sampled randomly for analysis of a whole fish in week 0 and week 10. The results showed that different dietary supplementation of AGD and/or VE could considerably promote the growth performance, antioxidant indexes, and the expression of GPx and PPARα genes of juvenile marine medaka in seawater acidification. The optimal diet was D4, with additional AGD 5 g and VE 50 IU per kg of dried feed.

Dietary Vitamin E and/or Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation to Sows during Late Pregnancy and Lactation Modifies the Lipid Composition of Colostrum and Milk.

Modifying the composition of a sow's milk could be a strategy to improve the intestinal health and growth of her piglet during the first weeks of life. This study evaluated how dietary supplementation of vitamin E (VE), hydroxytyrosol (HXT) or VE+HXT given to Iberian sows from late gestation affected the colostrum and milk composition, lipid stability and their relationship with the piglet's oxidative status. Colostrum from VE-supplemented sows had greater C18:1n-7 than non-supplemented sows, whereas HXT increased polyunsaturated (∑PUFAs), ∑n-6 and ∑n-3 fatty acids. In 7-day milk, the main effects were induced by VE supplementation that decreased ∑PUFAs, ∑n-6 and ∑n-3 and increased the Δ-6-desaturase activity. The VE+HXT supplementation resulted in lower desaturase capacity in 20-day milk. Positive correlations were observed between the estimated mean milk energy output and the desaturation capacity of sows. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in milk was observed in VE-supplemented groups, whereas HXT supplementation increased oxidation. Milk lipid oxidation was negatively correlated with the sow's plasma oxidative status and to a great extent with the oxidative status of piglets after weaning. Maternal VE supplementation produced a more beneficial milk composition to improve the oxidative status of piglets, which could promote gut health and piglet growth during the first weeks, but more research is needed to clarify this.

The possible ameliorative effects of vitamin E against cisplatin-induced injury on adult rat liver and testes

Cisplatin is one of the most potent cytotoxic drugs used to treat cancer, but clinical use is linked to testicular and liver damage. According to a number of studies, antioxidant supplementation may have an impact on the toxicity caused by cisplatin. The purpose of the current investigation was to determine how vitamin-E supplementation protected rats from cisplatin-induced damage. Thirty laboratory adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: Group I received saline orally, once daily for 21 days. Group II received cisplatin on day 0, 7, 14 and were sacrificed on day 21. Group III received cisplatin on day 0, 7, 14 and received orally vitamin E daily, starting 5 days before the first dose of cisplatin until day 21. Liver and both testes were obtained and fixed. Sections from the liver and both testes were stained by H&amp;E and Trichrome stain, and then examined under light microscope. Alterations included a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the cisplatin group compared with the other groups (p value for comparing between control and each other group, statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05). Histopathologically, cisplatin induced signs of hepatic injury; it also showed signs of testicular degeneration in all rats. However, the cisplatin induced disturbances significantly improved by treatment with Vitamin E. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference among the three groups in all signs of injury (p&lt;0.001). According to this research, cisplatin has a toxic impact on the liver and testicles, and when it is administered along with vitamin E, a noticeable improvement is seen.

Dietary flaxseed oil and vitamin E improve semen quality via propionic acid metabolism.

Flaxseed oil (FO) and vitamin E (VE) both have antioxidant effects on sperm. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with FO and/or VE on semen quality. 16 fertile Simmental bulls were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4): the control group (control diet), FO group (control diet containing 24 g/kg FO), VE group (control diet containing 150 mg/kg VE) and FOVE group (control diet containing 150 mg/kg VE and 24 g/kg FO), and the trial lasted 10 weeks. The results showed that the addition of FO independently can increase sperm motion parameters, the levels of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), while reduce oxidative stress in seminal plasma (P < 0.05). Supplement of VE independently can increased the motility, motility parameters, CAT and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and reduce oxidative stress in seminal plasma (P < 0.05). There was an interaction effect of FO × VE on motility and reactive oxygen species (ROS), while GSH-Px and ROS were affected by week × VE 2-way interaction, levels of T and E2 were also affected by the dietary FO × week interaction (P < 0.05). The triple interaction effects of FO, VE and week were significant for malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, sperm from the FOVE group had a significantly higher in vitro fertilization (IVF) rate, and subsequent embryos had increased developmental ability with reduced ROS levels at the eight-cell stage, then increased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and gene expression levels of CAT, CDX2, Nanog, and SOD at the blastocyst stage (P < 0.05). Metabolomic and transcriptomic results indicated that dietary supplementation of FO and VE increased the expression of the metabolite aconitic acid, as well as the expression of ABAT and AHDHA genes. With in-silico analysis, it can be concluded that the effects of dietary FO and VE on improving semen quality and embryo development may be related to increased aconitic acid via the ABAT and AHDHA genes involved in the propionic acid metabolism pathway.

Gestational Vitamin E Status and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

To examine the association between vitamin E (VE) status and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A retrospective cohort study was conducted by using data of 52,791 women at 137 hospitals across 22 provinces of China. A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level of ≥5.1 mmol/L between the 24th and 40th weeks of gestation was used as the criteria for the diagnosis of GDM. Mean FPG level and GDM rate were calculated within each combination of the first-trimester VE concentration categories and gestational change categories. The associations of the first-trimester VE concentrations and gestational VE change with FPG and GDM were examined by employing generalized additive models (GAMs). 7162 (13.57%) cases were diagnosed with GDM. The GDM rate was 22.44%, 11.50%, 13.41%, 12.87%, 13.17%, 13.44%, 12.64%, and 14.24% among women with the first-trimester VE concentrations of <7.2, 7.2-7.9, 8.0-9.3, 9.4-11.0, 11.1-13.2, 13.3-15.8, 15.9-17.7, and 17.8-35.9 mg/L, respectively. The GDM rate was 15.96%, 13.10%, 13.64%, and 12.87% among women with gestational VE change of <0, 0-0.19, 0.20-0.29, ≥0.30 mg/L per week, respectively. Multivariable adjusted GAM analyses found that the first-trimester VE concentration was associated with the FPG levels and GDM risk in an L-shaped pattern; the FPG levels and GDM risk decreased sharply to a threshold (around 7 mg/L), and then were keep flat. Gestational VE decreases when the first-trimester VE level was less than 11 mg/L were related to increased FPG levels and GDM risk. Both low first-trimester VE levels and subsequent gestational VE decrease were related with increased risk of GDM. The findings suggest the necessity of having VE-rich foods and appropriate VE supplementation to prevent GDM for pregnant women with low baseline VE levels.

Effects of tocopherol supplementation on endometrial thickness in subfertility patients

Background and Aim: Tocopherol is a vital nutrient for women during pregnancy, and multiple investigations revealed that a lack of tocopherol can cause preeclampsia, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and premature birth. There is scarcity of data regarding the effect of tocopherol on endometrial thickness. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of tocopherol supplement on endometrial thickness. Methods: This randomized control clinical trial was conducted on 120 women with subfertility age group of 18 years to 37 years who visited the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Dr fida Painless Hospital Peshawar from January 2022 to June 2022. Patients were categorized into two groups: Group-I received Vit E supplements (800 IU) (n=60) and Group-II received placebo (n=60) for 12 weeks. The number of follicles and thickness of the endometrium were evaluated on ultrasound at day 2 and day 14. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: The overall mean age of group I and II was 30.4±2.6 and 29.8±2.5 respectively. A significant difference was observed in mean endometrial thickness between groups I and II on day 2 (4.6 mm versus 3.3 mm) and day 14 (8.4 mm versus 5.8 mm) (P&lt;0.001).