Visual Simulation Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of pH Prediction Routines in ADM1 and a Specialized Water Chemistry Simulator

AbstractIn anaerobic technology, pH values are crucial for targeted volatile fatty acid production. While pH dynamics can be modeled using the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1), simulation results may be biased. To address this issue, the pH prediction routine of Visual Water, a specialized water chemistry simulator, was validated. Unlike ADM1, it accounts for ionic strength and activities while also providing an automated uncertainty analysis. The analysis revealed Visual Water simulations to better fit measured pH data from acidic solutions in a miniaturized stirred‐tank reactor.

HVS-Unsup: Unsupervised cervical cell instance segmentation method based on human visual simulation

Instance segmentation plays an important role in the automatic diagnosis of cervical cancer. Although deep learning-based instance segmentation methods can achieve outstanding performance, they need large amounts of labeled data. This results in a huge consumption of manpower and material resources. To solve this problem, we propose an unsupervised cervical cell instance segmentation method based on human visual simulation, named HVS-Unsup. Our method simulates the process of human cell recognition and incorporates prior knowledge of cervical cells. Specifically, firstly, we utilize prior knowledge to generate three types of pseudo labels for cervical cells. In this way, the unsupervised instance segmentation is transformed to a supervised task. Secondly, we design a Nucleus Enhanced Module (NEM) and a Mask-Assisted Segmentation module (MAS) to address problems of cell overlapping, adhesion, and even scenarios involving visually indistinguishable cases. NEM can accurately locate the nuclei by the nuclei attention feature maps generated by point-level pseudo labels, and MAS can reduce the interference from impurities by updating the weight of the shallow network through the dice loss. Next, we propose a Category-Wise droploss (CW-droploss) to reduce cell omissions in lower-contrast images. Finally, we employ an iterative self-training strategy to rectify mislabeled instances. Experimental results on our dataset MS-cellSeg, the public datasets Cx22 and ISBI2015 demonstrate that HVS-Unsup outperforms existing mainstream unsupervised cervical cell segmentation methods.

An Experimental Study on the Sealing Mechanism of a Karst Pipeline by Dynamic Water Grouting

Aiming at the problem of water burst plugging in karst pipelines, in this paper, a new type of waterborne epoxy resin magnetic self-polymerization grouting material (WEMS) suitable for karst pipeline water burst plugging was developed, and a visual simulation test device for karst pipeline water burst grouting plugging was designed and built. Through the orthogonal test of grouting plugging, the influence of different factors on the effect of grouting plugging was analyzed, and the shear mechanism of magnetic slurry magnetization plugging was also analyzed. The results showed that (i) the best grouting sealing performance was achieved when the new WEMS had a water–cement ratio of 0.35–0.55 and Fe3O4 powder misery of 20–40%. (ii) The primary relationship between the factors affecting the dynamic water flow rate and slurry retention is Fe3O4 power ratio > plugging length > water–cement ratio. (iii) The relationship equation was established between the shear strength of magnetic self-polymerizing slurry and the magnetic field strength, blocking length, and slurry ratio.

Stress response and safety of lidocaine combined with dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy

Purpose: To investigate the anesthetic effect and safety issues when lidocaine is combined with dexmedetomidine in laparoscopic hysterectomy.
 Methods: The data for 100 patients from the Anesthesiology Department of Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University who underwent laparoscopic total hysterectomy were randomly but equally divided into a control group and a combination group. Lidocaine hydrochloride was administered by infusion in the control group, while dexmedetomidine and lidocaine were administered together in the combination group. Inflammatory factors and stress hormone levels before and after the operation, as well as the incidence of adverse reactions following the operation, hemodynamic index, visual pain simulation (VAS) score, and sedation score at various times after the operation were evaluated in the two groups. Furthermore, the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions were also recorded and compared between the two groups.
 Results: The combination group's recovery time was significantly longer than that of the control group (p < 0.05). At the point of extubation and 10 min after, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) in the combination group were significantly lower than those of the control group, respectively (p < 0.05), while the combination group's VAS and Ramsay scores were statistically lower than those of the control group at 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h following surgery, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the combination group was significantly lower than that in the control group (28.0% vs 58.0%, p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: Lidocaine and dexmedetomidine, when combined, enhance hemodynamics, postoperative analgesia, and sedation in laparoscopic hysterectomy patients. The combination also lowers inflammatory stress and stress hormone levels, as well as the risk of nausea and vomiting, leading to better safety in the patients. However, multicenter trials are recommended to validate these findings prior to its use clinical practice.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulation of machine vision based on light detection sensors in aerobics judgment assistance system

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Simulation of machine vision based on light detection sensors in aerobics judgment assistance system

Numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a disc pump under different inlet bubble diameters

Visual investigation and numerical simulation were utilized to analyze the internal flow pattern transformation and bubble diameter variation of a gas-liquid two-phase flow disc pump. The results reveal that increasing the intake volume fraction (IGVF) from 1.12% to 27.67% changes the flow pattern in the suction chamber from bubbly to agglomerate bubbly, slug flow, and separated flow. Due to the particularity of the impeller structure of the disc pump, the blades in the leaf area of the front and rear cover plates play a barrier role. The gas phase gathers most violently at the edge of the blade in the leaf area, while the flow channel in the middle leafless area is wider and has higher permeability. At 1500r/min and 7.11% inlet volume void fraction, the local void fraction extreme value of the front edge of the blade in the blade area of the front cover plate increases to three times the initial void fraction, while the void fraction extreme value of the middle section of the bladeless area decreases to two-thirds of the initial void fraction. This research can be used to analyze the gas phase distribution and migration law in the disc pump impeller.

Aircraft cabin lighting design method based on DIALux

Lighting in aircraft cabin is an important part of the aircraft interior lighting system. A reasonable cabin lighting design can improve the quality of flight services and enhance passenger satisfaction and comfort. In this paper, an aircraft cabin lighting design method is proposed based on the DIALux calculation and simulation software. Based on a quantitative evaluation, calibration and analysis of average illuminance, glare and uniformity of illuminance from the perspectives of travel safety, visual comfort and high quality service, the method explores and proposes an innovative approach to the design of aircraft cabin lighting. Finally, based on this method, an optical simulation model is established and visual simulation calculations are carried out to verify the feasibility of the method.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Computer vision technology based on image optical processing in visual packaging art design simulation

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Computer vision technology based on image optical processing in visual packaging art design simulation

Simulation of visual impairment in persons with normal vision for scientific research.

Simulation of visual impairment in healthy eyes has multiple applications in students' training, research and product development. However, due to the absence of an existing standard protocol, the method of simulation was left to the discretion of the researcher. This review aimed to outline the various methods of simulating visual impairment and categorising them. A scoping review of the relevant publications was conducted. Of the 1593 articles originally retrieved from the databases, 103 were included in the review. The characteristics of the participants, the method for simulation of the visual impairment in persons with normal vision and the level or type of visual impairment that was simulated were extracted from the papers. None of the methods of simulation can be judged as being superior to the others. However, electronic displays produced the most consistent form of visual impairment simulation.

Architectonic Design Supported by Visual Environmental Simulation—A Comparison of Displays and Formats

Visual environmental simulations are fundamental in understanding the relationship between the built environment and psychological perception. The remarkable evolution of virtual immersion displays over recent years has provided a series of advantages to the architectural discipline, one of which is that non-specialists now have the potential to better understand architectural spaces. This work aimed to analyse the adequacy of the main displays and formats currently used in environmental simulations. As the objective was twofold, two experimental studies were carried out (with a sample of 100 participants). The studies evaluated users’ responses to different environmental representations of two environments, using differential semantic scales to measure key underlying factors (utility, credibility, realism, accuracy, abstraction). The first study examined simulation displays: a PC, an HTC Vive Pro 2 head-mounted display, a PowerWall Screen and a CAVE. In the second, formats were analysed: normal image, 360° image, video and 360° video. The results of this work revealed that users perceived the space differently depending on the representation displays and formats used. Such comparisons of these new means of representing architectural spaces can be helpful to researchers, architects and urban planning professionals and might provoke debate in, and be extrapolated into, the design field.

Head-mounted adaptive optics visual simulator.

Adaptive optics visual simulation is a powerful tool for vision testing and evaluation. However, the existing instruments either have fixed tabletop configurations or, being wearable, only offer the correction of defocus. This paper proposes a novel head-mounted adaptive optics visual simulator that can measure and modify complex ocular aberrations in real-time. The prototype is composed of two optical modules, one for the objective assessment of aberrations and the second for wavefront modulation, all of which are integrated into a wearable headset. The device incorporates a microdisplay for stimulus generation, a liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulator for wavefront manipulation, and a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor. Miniature optical components and optical path folding structures, together with in-house 3D printed mounts and housing, were adapted to realize the compact size. The system was calibrated by characterizing and compensating the internal aberrations of the visual relay. The performance of the prototype was analyzed by evaluating the measurement and compensation of low-order and higher-order aberrations induced through trial lenses and phase masks in an artificial eye. The defocus curves for a simulated bifocal diffractive lens were evaluated in real eyes. The results show high accuracy while measuring and compensating for the induced defocus, astigmatism, and higher-order aberrations, whereas the MTF analysis shows post-correction resolution of up to 37.5 cycles/degree (VA 1.25). Moreover, the subjective test results show the defocus curves closely matched to a commercial desktop visual simulator.

Enhancing Anesthesia Education and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of GASMAN Simulation Software.

GASMAN software, a simulation tool for inhalational anesthetics' pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, has become essential in both anesthesia education and clinical practice. This review explores its applications, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing medical education and its impact on clinical anesthesia management. In educational settings, GASMAN software facilitates a deeper understanding of anesthetic pharmacology through interactive and visual simulations, thereby improving students' learning outcomes and engagement. Clinically, it aids anesthesiologists in optimizing anesthetic dosing, enhancing patient safety, and supporting real-time decision-making during surgeries. Despite its advantages, GASMAN software faces limitations such as the absence of physiological feedback and the need for continuous data model updates. Future directions include technical enhancements, integration with advanced patient simulators, and broader dissemination through educational partnerships. This review emphasizes the significant contributions of GASMAN software to anesthesia education and clinical practice and suggests pathways for future improvements and wider adoption.

Neural Network Circuits for Bionic Associative Memory and Temporal Order Memory Based on DNA Strand Displacement.

Pavlovian associative memory plays an important role in our daily life and work. The realization of Pavlovian associative memory at the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecular level will promote the development of biological computing and broaden the application scenarios of neural networks. In this article, bionic associative memory and temporal order memory circuits are constructed by DNA strand displacement (DSD) reactions. First, a temporal logic gate is constructed on the basis of DSD circuit and extended to a three-input temporal logic gate. The output of temporal logic gate is used for the weight species of associative memory. Second, the forgetting module and output module based on the DSD circuit are constructed to realize some functions of associative memory, including associative memory with simultaneous stimulus, associative memory with interstimulus interval effect, and the facilitation by intermittent stimulus. In addition, the coding, storage, and retrieval modules are designed based on the analysis and memory capabilities of temporal logic gate for temporal information. The temporal order memory circuit is constructed, demonstrating the temporal order memory ability of DNA circuit. Finally, the reliability of the circuit is verified through Visual DSD software simulation. Our work provides ideas and inspiration to construct more complex DNA bionic circuits and intelligent circuits by using DSD technology.

Matching visually observed 3D model to original reference object

In the development of a visual environment simulator or a thermal imager simulator, one of the challenges encountered when assessing the external appearance of engineering structures is the need to ensure the correspondence of the developed 3D model of a reference object to the original 3D object. Since creating a complete model is currently impractical, the criterion for assessment is based on the conformity of forming specified components of the cognitive model of a human observer necessary in their professional activities. Research has shown that to address this challenge, it is advisable to choose one of the artificial intelligence methods to entrust it with the task of evaluating the developed 3D model and minimize the subjectivity in the decision-making process of “whether the external appearance of the 3D model meets the client's requirements.” The article proposes using deductive reasoning in ChatGPT to assess the conformity of the external appearance of a 3D model to a specified 3D object by representing the model as incomplete sequences and evaluating its ability to complete them in accordance with conclusions made by humans.The suggested approach involves solving the problem based on scenarios where humans formulate logical conclusions from provided information, followed by the application of ChatGPT in processing the presented sequences of conclusions. A comparative analysis is presented to determine the extent to which ChatGPT demonstrates deductive reasoning and how closely it aligns with human deductive models. This allows for the creation of a model with deductive reasoning and contributes to discussions on the competencies of artificial intelligence.

Visual Simulation of Composite Material Performance Inspection and Interior Decoration Based on Sensor Image Recognition

Abstract Wood-plastic composites, as green eco-materials, are widely used in the field of home and building materials, but with a single function. Phase-change heat storage materials can store or release heat through a physical phase transition to achieve energy savings and emission reduction. In this paper, plant fibers are used as the matrix, which is introduced into wood-plastic composites to construct a function/structure-integrated shaped phase change heat storage wood-plastic composites and endow the wood-plastic composites with the function of storing and releasing heat. The performance of wood-plastic composites is examined using image recognition and X-ray imaging. Simulating and analyzing the thermoregulatory and energy-saving functions of phase change wood-plastic composites in the building heating environment was done by establishing a heat transfer model. Finally, the material was visualized and applied to the interior decoration. The results show that the apparent density of the wood-plastic composite material is 1.15 g/cm3, the tensile property is 42.8 MPa, the flexural modulus is 2455 MPa, and its comprehensive physical and mechanical properties are better than those of the solid wood core when the amount of plant fiber added is 40 phr. At the same time, the thermal conductivity of this material is improved by 7.74% compared with the traditional solid wood core, which shows good energy saving and temperature regulation effects and possesses the potential of energy saving when applied in interior decoration.

Clinical validation of an adaptive optics visual simulator (VAO), a new instrument for the clinic

Purpose: To validate in the clinic the Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator VAO (Voptica SL, Murcia, Spain).Setting: Laboratory of Clinical Optics, University of Murcia, Spain.Methods: Adaptive optics visual simulators have been widely used in research laboratories for various applications within the visual sciences, however, their use in clinical practice has been limited. Recently, an Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator (VAO, Voptica S.L) has been commercially introduced as a medical device for clinical use. VAO combines optical measurements and visual testing within the same compact instrument. It incorporates a Hartmann‐Shack wave‐front sensor to measure objective refraction and aberrations, together with a spatial light modulator capable of correcting or inducing any optical profile while performing visual testing. In seventy‐six eyes from 38 subjects, subjective refraction (SR) was measured using VAO and trial frame as a gold standard (GS). The agreement of spherical equivalent (M) and cross cylinders (J0 and J45) between SR with VAO and with the GS was estimated using different statistic parameters: 95% confidence limits (CL), Student's t‐test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum and Pearson correlation coefficient (r).Results: There was a strong correlation (r ranged between 0.88 and 0.99) for subjective refraction (M, J0, J45) between GS and VAO and there were not statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The 95% CL of M, J0 and J45 were ±0.58, ±0.14 and ±0.14 D respectively. In addition to the subjective refraction, the visual acuity was also validated comparing BCVA values from GS with those from VAO, a high correlation (ρ = 0.73) was found for BCVA between both methods. Individual differences in BCVA between both methods were around or below 1 line since 95% CI was ±0.10 LogMAR.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that VAO, the new instrument for vision analysis based on adaptive optics, provides measurements that are comparable to those of the gold standard technique in healthy eyes with 73.7% of the spherical equivalent (M) differences between them within ±0.25 D and 68.4% for BCVA within ±0.05 LogMAR. Thus, subjective refraction found with VAO can be used for prescribing, as a baseline to simulate any optical profile and to customize the selection of the ablation and the IOL design in refractive surgery.

BIM design coordination: conflict analysis and construction simulation

The Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology has been adopted in the construction industry, supporting the development of projects. Its implementation has improved the collaboration and integration in the design context, increasing the accuracy of the project preparation and the decreasing additional costs and delays of the construction work. The main objective of the present research is to provide an overview of the state of the art of BIM applications, namely, concerning the construction planning. For that, the generation of a BIM 3D model, involving the disciplines of architecture, structures and water supply system was performed. After, over the model a conflict analysis was applied, in order to verify the consistency of all the disciplines, when linked together. In order to obtain a visual simulation of the construction process, the correspondent 4D BIM model was also generated. Along the development of the study, several BIM software were applied over a case study. The main remarks of the capacities of the software, as well as the benefits and limitations verified were identified.

The Computer Vision Simulation of Athlete’s Wrong Actions Recognition Model Based on Artificial Intelligence

The Computer Vision Simulation of Athlete’s Wrong Actions Recognition Model Based on Artificial Intelligence

Retracted: Visual Dynamic Simulation Model of Unstructured Data in Social Networks

Retracted: Visual Dynamic Simulation Model of Unstructured Data in Social Networks

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Design of optical sensors based on computer vision in basketball visual simulation system

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Design of optical sensors based on computer vision in basketball visual simulation system