Visual Presentation Of Information Research Articles

“They are saying it’s high, but I think it’s quite low”: exploring cardiovascular disease risk communication in NHS health checks through video-stimulated recall interviews with patients – a qualitative study

BackgroundNHS Health Check (NHSHC) is a national cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk identification and management programme. However, evidence suggests a limited understanding of the most used metric to communicate CVD risk with patients (10-year percentage risk). This study used novel application of video-stimulated recall interviews to understand patient perceptions and understanding of CVD risk following an NHSHC that used one of two different CVD risk calculators.MethodsQualitative, semi-structured video-stimulated recall interviews were conducted with patients (n = 40) who had attended an NHSHC using either the QRISK2 10-year risk calculator (n = 19) or JBS3 lifetime CVD risk calculator (n = 21). Interviews were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsAnalysis resulted in the development of four themes: variability in understanding, relief about personal risk, perceived changeability of CVD risk, and positive impact of visual displays. The first three themes were evident across the two patient groups, regardless of risk calculator; the latter related to JBS3 only. Patients felt relieved about their CVD risk, yet there were differences in understanding between calculators. Heart age within JBS3 prompted more accessible risk appraisal, yet mixed understanding was evident for both calculators. Event-free survival age also resulted in misunderstanding. QRISK2 patients tended to question the ability for CVD risk to change, while risk manipulation through JBS3 facilitated this understanding. Displaying information visually also appeared to enhance understanding.ConclusionsEffective communication of CVD risk within NHSHC remains challenging, and lifetime risk metrics still lead to mixed levels of understanding in patients. However, visual presentation of information, alongside risk manipulation during NHSHCs can help to increase understanding and prompt risk-reducing lifestyle changes.Trial registrationISRCTN10443908. Registered 7th February 2017.

Life safety culture: the concept and the problem of its formation in educational organizations

Life safety culture is considered to be one of the most important components of basic general education in modern conditions. Its main vector is focused on adequately solving the priority tasks of ensuring personal and national security. In this regard, the scientific problem considered in this article seems to be relevant and in demand in modern educational practice, because the effectiveness of ensuring the safety of the entire world community depends on the level of development of the life safety culture of each person. The problem of the research is to identify the content of the category “life safety culture” and the theoretical basis for justifying the process of its formation among students in educational institutions. The purpose of the research is to reveal the category “life safety culture” in various fields of knowledge and to substantiate the main theoretical determinants of its formation in educational institutions. The following methods were used in the study: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, methods of visual presentation of information. The results of the research contribute to the study of scientific and theoretical aspects of organizing the pedagogical process of forming a life safety culture in educational institutions, as well as scientific and theoretical approaches to substantiate the definition of «life safety culture». Key conclusions. Three approaches to the content of the category “life safety culture” have been identified - social-philosophical, psychological and pedagogical ones; the prerequisites for constructing pedagogical influences on the formation of a culture of life safety in educational institutions have been indicated: principles (general and specific), and the directions ofthis activity have also been detected.

Convergence of Communicative Components in Infographics

The purpose of the research is to establish the presence or absence of the phenomenon of convergence between visual components formed based on different ways of encoding information in infographic messages. Particular attention is focused on those cases when the above-mentioned differently coded elements can provide a synergistic effect or supplement and enrich the content through the interaction of different meanings, each of which is presented in the most optimal way that does not imitate the other. Research methods are analytical, logical-evaluative, systematic approach and method of structural-compositional analysis. The scientific novelty consists in proving the presence of the effect of convergence of meanings in infographics formed based on different codes and different communicative elements. It was revealed that infographic messages can use up to seven different ways of visual presentation of information differing in stylistic and technical-graphic properties. At the same time, it has been proved that minimising the number of different style components leads to the formation of the most effective visual messages. Such messages are better remembered and remain in the minds of recipients longer. Conclusions. The use of communicative elements with different technical, graphic and stylistic properties outside infographic messages, in most cases, leads to the destruction of meaningful unity and loss of consumer interest in the content of the message. On the contrary, in infographics, the structural organisation of information, compositional zoning, and the logical links’ presence between different groups of visual-symbolic forms ensure the integrity of information impact. However, it has been proved that such integrity requires either the preservation of a single optical centre of content or well-defined levels of content with accentuated visual transitions between them.

A visual presentation of English online teaching information from a digital perspective

A visual presentation of English online teaching information from a digital perspective

Enjoy to read and enjoy to shop: An investigation on the impact of product information presentation on purchase intention in digital content marketing

Our study examines the impact of product information presentation on consumers’ purchase intention through information processing (i.e., utilitarian and hedonic browsing) in the context of digital content marketing. This study initially confirms that the combination of social-oriented text with concrete images as well as task-oriented text with abstract images yield higher congruence since verbal and visual product information presentation are under the same construable level. Given this, we have conducted an experiment with a 2 (product information presentation: social-oriented text with concrete image vs. task-oriented text with abstract image) × 2 (product type: search product vs. experience product) × 2 (gender: females vs. males) (N = 202) between-subjects design. The results reveal that social-oriented text with concrete images encourages consumers to generate more hedonic browsing, thereby, higher purchase intention. These effects are contingent on the product type and gender, where females exhibit a greater intention to buy experience products when product information is presented in social-oriented text with concrete imagery compared to task-oriented text with abstract images, which is mediated by hedonic browsing. Our findings offer insights to managers for optimizing product information presentation in the realm of digital content marketing.

ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ВЕРБАЛЬНЫХ И НЕВЕРБАЛЬНЫХ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩИХ НА ВОСПРИЯТИЕ КРЕОЛИЗОВАННОГО ТЕКСТА

One of the urgent problems of modern cognitive linguistics is the problem of text reception, the question of its semantic perception is raised, in addition, it should be noted that it has not yet been established in what form the verbal and nonverbal components of the text are stored in human memory. It should be noted that in recent years, interest in the visual presentation of information, including non-verbal means of communication, has increased even more due to the requirements of modern social media focused on clip-based rapid delivery of polycode information, which, as a rule, do not require concentration of attention, but can have a clip-based surface effect on the audience's thinking. As a result, there were works devoted not to the traditional linguistics of the text, but to the linguistics of a polycode, semiotically complicated text, in which creolized texts (CT) became the object of research. Creolized texts are texts consisting of verbal and nonverbal (illustrative) parts, later the term multimodal text appeared. It should be noted, however, that researchers studying creolized texts, as a rule, are limited only to studying the relationship between the verbal and nonverbal (iconic) parts of the text. As you know, at the moment a comprehensive study of the impact assessment of the creolized text has not yet developed. Thus, the problem brought up for consideration in this article is the problem of semantic perception of a creolized text (CT) consisting of an image and a word.

Mapping Migration in Russia: Review of the “Migration Atlas of the Russian Federation”

The article is a review of the scientific publication “Migration Atlas of the Russian Federation” prepared by a team of authors from the IDR FCTAS RAS and North-Caucasus Federal University (Moscow : ITD Perspektiva, 2022. 180 p.) The publication covers a wide range of issues related to intra-regional, internal and external migration in Russia, the management of its flows at the national and international levels. The Atlas provides a comprehensive picture of the scale, directions and structure of migration flows within Russia, including in the regional context, as well as migration exchange with countries of the near and far abroad. The publication includes 10 chapters devoted to inward and international migration, the place of Russia in global migration flows, passport and visa relations, certain types of migration (labor, educational, ethnic), migration infrastructure, etc. The sources of statistical data and regulatory documents for the Atlas are Russian (Rosstat, Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation, Main Directorate for Migration of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, etc.) and international (World Bank, United Nations Population Division, International Organization for Migration, etc.) organizations and departments. The Atlas contains extensive textual, cartographic and statistical information covering migration processes in Russia and abroad for the period from 1991 to 2022. The materials contained in the Atlas are of great scientific interest and are of outstanding practical importance. The visual presentation of information makes it accessible not only to researchers, but also to representatives of authorities, as well as to all those interested in the topic of migration in the Russian Federation.

The development of a method for visualizing the states of the national security system

The scientific task, which is solved in the research, is the cognitive display of the state of the national security system with a complex hierarchical structure. As a rule, images are created individually taking into account a specific application field and interpreted by an expert (a group of experts) based on accumulated knowledge. Cognitive mapping is designed to support decision making by an expert (group of experts), monitoring and managing in real time. The object of research is the system of ensuring national security. The subject of the research is the functioning of the national security system. The research developed a method of visualization of the states of the national security system. An overview of the methods of visual graphic presentation of information about the state of multidimensional objects and systems was carried out. The novelties of the proposed method are: ‒ creation of a visual, multi-level and interconnected description of the national security system; ‒ increasing the efficiency of decision making while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ solving the problem of falling into global and local extremes while assessing the state of the national security system; ‒ combination of graphic and numerical display of controlled state parameters of the national security system; ‒ avoiding the problem of loops while visualizing the state of the national security system in real time. The specified method should be implemented in specialized software, which is used to analyze the state of the national security system and make management decisions.

Correlation between Cognitive Performance and Interhemispheric Asymmetry of EEG Alpha Rhythm during Lateralized Presentation of Visual Information against the Background of Optical Stimulation.

The effect of lateralized optical stimulation with a frequency of 10 Hz on the effectiveness of cognitive task performance (n-back test) was studied in 33 healthy subjects (right-handed men). Test visual information was presented to the right or left visual hemifield under normal conditions and against the background of optical stimulation with a frequency of 10 Hz. The absolute values of the spectral power of the high (10-13 Hz) subrange of alpha-rhythm of EEG (SPα2) were calculated. When test information was sent to the right hemisphere against the background of stimulation, an increase in task performance was revealed in subjects with low SPα2. This was accompanied by an increase in SPα2 in some cortical areas of the contralateral (left) hemisphere and, as a result, an increase in left-side dominance of SPα2. The findings indicate the possibility of using lateralized optical stimulation to improve cognitive task performance, in particular, by changing the interhemispheric asymmetry of the EEG alpha2-rhythm.

Communicating complex numeric information in clinical research

The ability to understand and use numeric information in healthcare and clinical research is a critical component of informed decision-making for patients and study participants. Health numeracy levels in the general population, however, tend to be quite low and as such, the responsibility falls on communicators to ensure that the information being shared is designed to facilitate recipient comprehension and support their autonomy. Here, we introduce health numeracy considerations within the clinical research context and outline specific areas that can benefit from thoughtful communication strategies, including the presentation of visual information to augment the interpretation of, and learning about, research studies. Specifically, we discuss seven categories of numeric concepts that arise throughout the course of research participation and important considerations when presenting such information. Increasing awareness amongst communicators about health numeracy and the need to include supportive visual representations when developing and sharing clinical research-related information will help support the creation of tailored information that meets the needs of the intended audience.

Multimodal Presentation of Interactive Audio-Tactile Graphics Supporting the Perception of Visual Information by Blind People

Due to the limitations in the perception of graphical information by blind people and the need to substitute the sense of sight with other senses, the correct use of multimedia in the presentation of graphics is particularly important. The aim of the authors was to correctly present visual information in the tactile and audio form and to provide contextually selected information to reduce the existing cognitive barriers. In this article, the authors decided to research the method of exploring a tactile picture by a blind person and providing contextual and semantic information about the touched image elements using the developed tool for multimodal presentation of interactive audio-tactile graphics supporting the perception of blind people. The use of multimedia should improve the perception of the conveyed content. Therefore, the effectiveness of interpreting the information contained in the tactile image is verified by analyzing the tactile, audio, and contextual perceptions during the experiments. The following issues were considered in detail from the point of view of the blind and visually impaired: the recognition of shapes of image elements depending on their size and properties, the optimal width of elements displayed on the tablet screen, the time intervals between taps on an image element, and the acceptable length of graphic element audio description. The results from this study suggest the need to select the image presentation parameters in various perception channels to the user's needs. The findings of our research on tactile shape perception of geometric figures indicate potential problems in recognizing the shapes of figures in the case of wrong preparation of tactile pictures. In the case of a small difference in the proportions of the length of the sides of the figure or a slight difference in the measures of the angles of the figure sides, we have noticed that most blind people fail to recognize its shape. Considerable progress in improving such perception can be achieved by increasing the proportions in the lengths of the sides and the measures of the angles between the sides of the figure. Further steps concern introducing an alternative audio description of the properties of the figure so as to improve the interpretability of the figure shape. For most users, the width of a virtual line in a digital image displayed on a tablet should be around 5 mm for a corresponding 1 mm tactile line. The configuration of the time intervals defining the user's gestures (two-taps, three-taps) should be about 340 ms. Applying audio descriptions to tactile picture elements improves the understanding and interpretation of the information presented on it. Most participants in the test group accepted 5 to 10 seconds of voice prompts. Longer messages were incomprehensible, and details were hard to remember. In the proposed solution, the audio description can be divided into two or three different descriptions available to the user after tapping two or three times on an image element. It allows the user to decide on the amount of contextual information needed about the touched tactile picture element. The research attempted to show the typical values of various image presentation parameters and their ranges of values and indicated effective methods of their selection for a specific system user.

Rancang Bangun Dashboard Monitoring Kinerja Petugas PPSU Pada Kelurahan Pisangan Baru

Kelurahan is one of the most important parts of service for the community. One of themandatory services provided by the kelurahan is service to public facilities andinfrastructure, for that the kelurahan has special officers who handle these problems,namely PPSU officers or orange troops. PPSU is a janitor who works under the controlof the kelurahan level. In the presentation of monitoring information there is no mediathat helps make it easier for Pisangan Baru village employees to see the performanceof PPSU officers. Therefore we need a system that can monitor and present visualinformation about the performance of PPSU officers called the Dashboard.

Design of head-up display interfaces for automated vehicles

This study aimed to identify which information should be displayed on a head-up display (HUD) in semi-automated vehicles to enable the driver to maintain better situational awareness during the manual operation of the vehicle. It further explored how does the size of the field of view of the HUD affects such information presentation, while taking into consideration user's personal preferences and opinions. Four head-up display interfaces were developed differing in the amount, frequency and field of view of visual information presentation, and were implemented in a simulated semi-automated vehicle. The HUDs were evaluated in a user-study with a within-subject design with 30 participants. The obtained results revealed that versions with smaller and larger field of view HUDsevoke similar driving performance, levels of cognitive load, user experience and perceived usability, suggesting that the HUD's field of view size does not have an overall significant effect on the driver's situational awareness. The results reveal that display of information, which can help with obtaining and maintaining higher situational awareness levels, contribute to better driving performance. Drivers on the other hand, prefer also display of information for lower situational awareness levels.

Estimation of Drivers’ Gaze Behavior by Potential Attention When Using Human–Machine Interface

Recently, various visual information presentation systems known as human–machine interfaces (HMIs), such as road projection lamp systems, have been developed for safe driving. However, it is unclear how these HMIs change the drivers’ gaze behavior and improve their cognitive awareness of the environment. Therefore, in this study, we introduce the concept of potential attention to propose a probabilistic method to estimate drivers’ gaze behavior when using HMIs. The potential attention hypothesis can propose an explanation to understand gaze behavior. This method assigns potential attention to objects the driver is likely to gaze, such as vehicles and pedestrians, thereby estimating the driver’s potential gaze point from potential attentions. The study is divided into two steps. The first step analyzes the drivers’ gaze behavior in the simulator experiment when a road projection lamp is displayed to alert pedestrians. In the second step, we propose a method for estimating the driver’s gaze through the potential attention method based on the results of the simulator experiment. The modeling results for gaze behavior measured in the simulator experiment as the first step show that gaze behavior can be estimated with high accuracy. This proposed method is expected to apply to a method to determine where the HMI display should be placed.

DISTANCE LEARNING EXPERIENCE FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS DURING A PANDEMIC AND MARTIAL LAW

Being unable to use the usual form of education focused mainly on the teacher, higher education institutions are forced to introduce rules and instructions that would be focused on education seekers and help facilitate the perception of educational material. The consequence of the current situation is the growth of the general interest in distance learning during the pandemic, which later continued during the Russian aggression. In the case of clinical disciplines, certain features determine the use of methods and elements of simulation and individualized training for students of medical faculties, interns and students of the faculty of postgraduate education. Objective. To study the peculiarities of distance learning during the pandemic of acute respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and martial law, the identification of the main determinants for the successful arrangement of the online education process. The logical method was used to create instructions for optimizing the conditions and means of learning and teaching. The article reflects the peculiarities of distance learning, introduced during the pandemic and continued under circumstances of martial law caused by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Positive aspects of an adequate visual presentation of information during clinical lectures are determined. The results of the survey conducted to determine the attitude of education seekers and scientific and teaching staff to distance learning are presented to identify the shortcomings of this form of education and the development and implementation of Internet resources based on methods and tools that can be used in training to increase the level of student success. Based on its results, the most important features that have the biggest effect on the quality of education were identified.

Do women and men click differently? Mobile devices mitigate gender differences in online dating

Online dating has replaced traditional offline venues largely because of the structured presentation of visual and verbal information about potential partners. This study shows that including verbal information alongside visual information in online dating profiles affects attractiveness assessments by women more favorably than it affects those by men. These gender differences, however, are mitigated by using a mobile device instead of a personal computer. The findings extend the selectivity model, as well as the literature on online dating and mobile use, by highlighting gender differences in processing specific information types and by identifying the device as a boundary condition.

Identification of Neurophysiological Markers of Verbal Information Processing Using Cognitive Evoked Potentials for Studying Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.

Cognitive evoked potentials were studied in 40 students of higher school with high and low (control) scores obtained on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) in response to the presentation of visual verbal information in the form of agreed word-combinations. In the first series of presentations, it was necessary to refer the attribute to one of the categories and to read the noun silently (non-target condition). In the second series, the attribute should be read silently, and then the following noun has to be categorized (target condition). There has been performed a cluster analysis of the evoked potential curves obtained in response to the noun presentation in the target and non-target conditions in the groups of participants with high and low scores gained on SPQ. Processing of the verbal stimulus under passive reading conditions and under the conditions of word categorization within the frameworks of a simple context has shown that in the group with low scores on the schizotypal questionnaire, lateralization of the N150 component to the left side was observed in contrast to the group with high scores. In this group, increase of the N400 component amplitude was found in response to the words presented for their passive reading in comparison with the categorization condition. On the contrary, in the group with high schizotypy scores, the N400 component appeared to be insensitive to the type of the task, i.e. neurophysiological differences were not expressed between reading and performing stimuli categorization task. These persons were found to have the decreased amplitude of the late positive component as compared to the control group under the condition of passive reading of the words. Increase of the late negative wave amplitude was registered in response to the target words subjected to categorization in comparison with reading in both groups of participants. Insufficiency of language lateralization and deficit connected with the language networks being activated automatically at the initial stage of word recognition are observed in the examined persons with schizotypy. Additionally, processing of the information in these persons at the stage of lexical-semantic processes is weakly modulated by the task imposing different requirements on the level of mental activity control. Some reduction of mnestic process activation is also possible, which is manifested during passive reading of the words, but not in the conditions of their categorization. The research conducted may serve as a starting point for a more detailed and long-term study of the fundamental mechanisms of impairment in information processing in the course of clinically evident pathology formation. In the applied aspect, the work may be considered as a contribution to the ongoing search for neurophysiological markers for early diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

Use of infographics to develop speaking skills of engineering students at English classes

Introduction of infographics into tertiary education became widespread during COVID-19 pandemic as the latter triggered a fundamental transition from conventional education to online one. This new format of teaching immediately revealed a few difficulties, such as poor attendance of students, lack of relevant technologies and equipment as well as inability of most educational institutions to respond to these challenges properly. Together with it, we have also discovered that students found it uneasy to learn new material, however, as we believe, it might be improved by introducing new technologies into teaching methodology which can be used both in online and classroom work for example, to follow up the material which has already been learned online. One of these technologies is infographics. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with infographics as a tool and explain how inforgraphics may contribute to building English speaking skills at technical university. The object of the study in hand is the process of building English speaking skills of students studying at engineering faculties (industrial and civil engineering and construction and technological faculty). The subject of the work is use of infographics to build English speaking skills of students from these faculties in ELT. The practical value of this study is to show how infographics-based exercises could be implemented into English classes for first-year students who study the language at technical university. The research novelty of this study lies in the fact that infographics as a way of visual presentation of various textual, statistical information, data and knowledge is used as a means of teaching a foreign language at the stage of higher education. The results of the research can then be used to teach English to bachelors studying a wide range of engineering degrees, or as part of a refreshing course for non-linguistic masters. In addition, it should be noted that infographics can be used both for classroom and independent work of students.

Co-development of an evidence-based personalised smoking cessation intervention for use in a lung cancer screening context

BackgroundOptimising smoking cessation services within a low radiation-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening programme has the potential to improve cost-effectiveness and overall efficacy of the programme. However, evidence on the optimal design and integration of cessation services is limited. We co-developed a personalised cessation and relapse prevention intervention incorporating medical imaging collected during lung cancer screening. The intervention is designed to initiate and support quit attempts among smokers attending screening as part of the Yorkshire Enhanced Stop Smoking study (YESS: ISRCTN63825779). Patients and public were involved in the development of an intervention designed to meet the needs of the target population.MethodsAn iterative co-development approach was used. Eight members of the public with a history of smoking completed an online survey to inform the visual presentation of risk information in subsequent focus groups for acceptability testing. Three focus groups (n = 13) were conducted in deprived areas of Yorkshire and South Wales with members of the public who were current smokers or recent quitters (within the last year). Exemplar images of the heart and lungs acquired by LDCT, absolute and relative lung cancer risk, and lung age were shown. Data were analysed thematically, and discussed in stakeholder workshops. Draft versions of the intervention were developed, underpinned by the Extended Parallel Processing Model to increase self-efficacy and response-efficacy. The intervention was further refined in a second stakeholder workshop with a patient panel.ResultsIndividual LDCT scan images of the lungs and heart, in conjunction with artistic impressions to facilitate interpretation, were considered by public participants to be most impactful in prompting cessation. Public participants thought it important to have a trained practitioner guiding them through the intervention and emphasising the short-term benefits of quitting. Presentation of absolute and relative risk of lung cancer and lung age were considered highly demotivating due to reinforcement of fatalistic beliefs.ConclusionAn acceptable personalised intervention booklet utilising LDCT scan images has been developed for delivery by a trained smoking cessation practitioner. Our findings highlight the benefit of co-development during intervention development and the need for further evaluation of effectiveness.

Interactive Extended Reality Techniques in Information Visualization

Immersive techniques, such as virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality, take immersive displays as carriers to provide immersive experience. A large number of approaches focus on the visualization of scientific data in immersive environments while just a few methods concentrate on interactive information visualization (InfoVis) in an immersive environment, although InfoVis has been extended to the 3-D space for a long time. In the era of data explosion, the traditional 2-D space is unable to convey large amounts of abstract information in an intuitive way. Meanwhile, desktop-based 3-D InfoVis generally leads to visual conflict and confusion owing to limited display size and field of vision. In this survey, we search for the interactive techniques in immersive InfoVis and summarize their commonalities and discuss their differences and potential trends. The data types of abstract information in InfoVis can be categorized into graph/network data, high-dimensional and multivariate data, time-varying data, and text and document data. Besides, the visual presentation of information in immersive environments is also summarized, especially for charts, plots, and diagrams, which are some basic components of InfoVis techniques. We also described the immersive applications of InfoVis techniques, including the tools or frameworks on immersive analytics and infographics. The discussion about the traditional nonimmersive and the immersive methods in data visualizations show that the latter one has the potential to become an alternative to explore massive information in the future.