Visual Space Perception Research Articles

On the failure of fowl to adapt to prism induced displacement: Some theoretical analyses

Results of perceptual research involving certain species of fowl have prompted the conclusion that fundamentally unique visual-perceptual processes are operative in animals of this type. These findings have also been used as the basis for nativistic arguments concerning the genesis of visual space perception. The methodological and experimental bases for these conclusions are examined, with reference to studies which have employed angularly deviating wedge prisms to transform the visual field. It is proposed that conclusions drawn from previous studies are unwarranted, for the experimental situations did not provide sufficient conditions whereby the animals could change or modify their responses. Suggestions for further research are offered in terms of perceptual learning.

Studies in Physiological Optics.

This book is concerned with selected subjects in the general area of visual perception and sensation. Among the topics considered are visual acuity, space perception, color vision, adaptation, flicker, and illusions. These subjects are discussed primarily from the point of view of psychophysics at an elementary level. Many simple experiments are illustrated or described clearly to demonstrate various phenomena. The material is easily readable and written informally. This volume will be of value primarily to undergraduate students in perceptual psychology, and perhaps also to students of other disciplines, including residents in ophthalmology, who desire an introduction to this aspect of physiological optics.

Aniseikonia:A Survey of Literature 1963‐64*

Summary Contributions to the study of aniseikonia are discussed from a clinical, frankly partisan, point of view. The surveyed material includes textbooks on refraction and contact lens practice, research papers special reports and higher degree theses. The approach of conventional textbooks to aniseikonia is shown to lack vigour in physiological optics. Therapeutic aims are limited to standard visual acuity and a semblance of binocular vision, ignoring space perception almost completely. The orthodox approach to aniseikonia devised by Ogle and others, was an attempt to reorganise visual perception on the basis of the innate system of retinal correspondence. This aim conflicts with clinical experience, which shows that patients are able to acquire correct spatial orientation through experience. As an alternative the Optometrie Extension Programme endeavoured to apply the learning theory of behaviour to the care of visual space perception. So far this approach has not recognised the importance of safeguarding the established visual orientation with properly designed spectacle lenses. Present trends in aniseikonia show a differentiation into specialised applications. In strabismus, it is being gradually recognised that full correction of aniseikonia is desirable. Here the orthodox method of Ogle would be eminently suitable. However, the Space Eikonometer is often useless in cases of strabismus, owing to low stereoscopic acuity. Research is in progress with the aim of developing new methods for the measurement of aniseikonia. Anisometropia is another well defined field of specialised application. The source of the disturbance is the aniseikonia induced by spectacle lenses. Contact lenses and special spectacle lenses are being used successfully to correct the induced aniseikonia, while leaving the inherent aniseikonia unchanged. For the application of these lenses there is no need to measure the aniseikonia. It would seem that even in routine practice, by using relatively simple techniques and readily available materials, the care devoted to aniseikonic problems could be greatly improved. However, the long neglect of aniseikonia may be seen as being only one aspect of the general low standard of care devoted to the visual space sense. There are obvious implications in this for academic, clinical and professional training, especially in optometry.

VISUAL SPACE PERCEPTION AS INFLUENCED BY UNUSUAL VESTIBULAR STIMULATION.

During flight in aircraft and spacecraft, pilots are regularly subjected to unusual force environments. These forces not only influence a variety of pressure-sensitive mechanisms but, in particular, they stimulate the vestibular mechanism of the inner ear. The latter source of information regarding spatial orientation may be in accord with information from direct visual stimulation or it may be in conflict with it. In the first case, veridical space perception may be expected, while in the second the perception is frequently nonveridical. This results in constant errors in judgment with respect to motion of visual objects and in the pilot's estimates of the objects' position. These errors, referred to by pilots as “vertigo,” are believed to be of importance in piloting aircraft and spacecraft where the pilot's task involves actions based on visual space perception.

Visual Space Perception

In this book, the author, Professor of Psychology at Brooklyn College, presents systematic statement of an approach to which has grown out of the work initiated by Adelbert Ames in the field of visual space perception. The book is divided into three sections. First, a theoretical statement of the functional or transactional approach to perception is presented. Second, the empirical basis for the theory is detailed, derived almost exclusively from the research of the author and other students of Ames on visual space cues. And third, an unsystematic foray is made into some special topics in vision, perceptual lag, conflicts, and person perception, topics which are illustrative of the theoretical position in a more peripheral way. In general, the title of the book should be taken to represent but an illustrative part of the substance of the text. The reader familiar with the writings of Ames

Possible role of higher proprioceptive centres in the perception of visual space and in the control of motor behaviour.

Possible Role of Higher Proprioceptive Centres in the Perception of Visual Space and in the Control of Motor Behaviour

Pure Word Blindness Considered as a Disturbance of Visual Space Perception [Abridged

Pure Word Blindness Considered as a Disturbance of Visual Space Perception [<i>Abridged</i>

Past Experience and the Perception of Visual Size

Few controversies in the history of psychology have endured so long as the one between nativism and empiricism regarding the perception of visual space. While points of emphasis have shifted and descriptive terms have changed, modern perceptual theories are still divided between the nativistic and the empiricist points of view. Though most researches on the perception of space during the past few decades have ignored or minimized this conflict, the issue inevitably reappears whenever one considers systematically the general problem of spatial perception.

A Device to Manipulate and to Indicate the Position of Remote Test-Objects

Studies of visual space perception sometimes require that S respond to a test target at a great distance from him by manipulating the target. It may also be desirable for E to control the test object from a different location and at the same time have a record of its position. Under these circumstances direct manipulation of the target may be entirely impractical or at best very cumbersome. It is the purpose of the present note to describe a simple but effective device which makes it possible for S and E to control a distant test-object independently and at the same time have an accurate record of the position of the target at any moment during the experiment.1 The particular modification of the device2 to be described is one which has been used on a human centrifuge3 and in studies of the vertical using the Tulane tilt chair.4 The basic parts of the apparatus consist of: (1) a Navy Mark II collimator; (2) a pair of selsyn repeater motors, one of which is geared to the target and the other to the recording device available to the experimenter; and (3) a motor which controls the rotating target. The Navy Mark II collimator consists of a luminous target placed at infinity by means of an optical system and viewed by S through a circular opening 6 in. in diameter. The standard test object is a 'star' consisting of a central spot and six equally spaced radiating lines. These lines are cut in an opaque metal screen placed against a ground glass plate which is illuminated from below by a 24-v. lamp. The collimator has been modified by removing the standard test-object and adapting a metal screen in

The Effect of Optical Systems on Visual Space Perception

"The Effect of Optical Systems on Visual Space Perception." Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 34(11), p. 518 This article is part of the following collections: Publications of Gerald Westheimer

The Perception of Visual Surfaces

The writer has recently proposed the theory that visual space-perception is reducible to the perception of visual surfaces, and that distance, depth, and orientation, together with the constancy of objects, may all be derived from the properties of an array of surfaces.' The notion of completely empty space is asserted to be irrelevant for the theory of space-perception. The perception of space between objects, in this theory, depends on the experience of contours against a general background, and on the impression of one surface behind another. The fundamental 'sensations' of space are assumed to be the impressions of surface and edge. If the theory is valid, there should be discoverable variables in stimulation for the essential properties or qualities of a surface, and these should prove to be the effective stimuli for space-perception. What is called for is a listing of the properties or qualities-a phenomenological study-and a search for the corresponding stimulus variables-a program of psychophysical experiments.

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF VISUAL PERCEPTION FOLLOWING INJURY TO THE BRAIN

IN THE case reported in the preceding section, a persistent and systematic alteration in visual space perception was described in a case in which (consequent to a shrapnel injury of the posterior portion of the right parietal lobe) hemiparesis had developed but practically normal fields of vision were observed on standard perimetric examination. In the following case, an almost identical disorder in the perception of spatial relations was observed in a patient with shrapnel injuries of the occipital lobe. In contrast to the first case, the injury resulted in demonstrable homonymous field defects, but was not accompanied with any further changes in sensory or motor function. Case 2. —J. H. M., a radio man, third class, aged 20, was injured on Dec. 13, 1944 in the Philippine area, when a Japanese suicide plane hit his ship and exploded. He sustained multiple shrapnel wounds and lacerations of the head and body.

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF VISUAL PERCEPTION FOLLOWING INJURY TO THE BRAIN

IN THE case reported in the preceding section, a persistent and systematic alteration in visual space perception was described in a case in which (consequent to a shrapnel injury of the posterior portion of the right parietal lobe) hemiparesis had developed but practically normal fields of vision were observed on standard perimetric examination. In the following case, an almost identical disorder in the perception of spatial relations was observed in a patient with shrapnel injuries of the occipital lobe. In contrast to the first case, the injury resulted in demonstrable homonymous field defects, but was not accompanied with any further changes in sensory or motor function. Case 2. —J. H. M., a radio man, third class, aged 20, was injured on Dec. 13, 1944 in the Philippine area, when a Japanese suicide plane hit his ship and exploded. He sustained multiple shrapnel wounds and lacerations of the head and body.

DISORDERS OF VISUAL SPACE PERCEPTION ASSOCIATED WITH LESIONS OF THE RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

Journal Article DISORDERS OF VISUAL SPACE PERCEPTION ASSOCIATED WITH LESIONS OF THE RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE Get access ANDREW PATERSON, ANDREW PATERSON Brain Injuries UnitEdinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. L. ZANGWILL O. L. ZANGWILL Brain Injuries UnitEdinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 67, Issue 4, December 1944, Pages 331–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/67.4.331 Published: 01 December 1944

Accommodation and convergence in visual space perception.

Accommodation and convergence in visual space perception.

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:New Light on Delinquency and Its Treatment. By William Healy and Augusta F. Bronner.Archetypal Patterns in Poetry: Psychological Studies of Imagination. By Maud Bodkin.The Visual Perception of Space. By A. A. H. El Koussy. British Journal of Psychology Monograph Supplement, xx.Custom is King: Essays presented to R. R. Marett on his 70th Birthday. Edited by L. H. Dudley Buxton.Parents' Questions. By Staff Members of the Child Study Association of America.Prostitution. By Tage Kemp; translated from the Danish by E.‐M. W. Kornerup.

NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATION

Journal Article NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATION Get access The Visual Perception of Space. By A. A. H. EL KOUSSY. London: Cambridge University Press. 1935. Pp. 89. Price 8s. 6d. Brain, Volume 59, Issue 4, December 1936, Page 510, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/59.4.510-b Published: 01 December 1936

NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATION

Journal Article NOTICES OF RECENT PUBLICATION Get access The Visual Perception of Space. By A. A. H. EL KOUSSY. London: Cambridge University Press. 1935. Pp. 89. Price 8s. 6d. Brain, Volume 59, Issue 4, December 1936, Page 510, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/59.4.510-b Published: 01 December 1936

Studies in Auditory and Visual Space Perception

THE larger and more interesting part of this book deals with the problem of the localisation of sound. We all know that we, in common with other animals having the sense of hearing, can, with considerable accuracy, determine the direction from which a sound comes to us. We hear a lark, and after a little feeling about, if we may use such an expression, we are certain that the bird is not far from a place in the sky to which we can confidently point, and examining with our eyes the region near that point we soon see the lark. Studies in Auditory and Visual Space Perception. By Arthur Henry Pierce Pp. vi + 361. (New York, London and Bombay: Longmans, Green and Co., 1901.) Price 6s. 6d. net.

Studies in Auditory and Visual Space Perception.

Studies in Auditory and Visual Space Perception.