Visual Means Research Articles

Специфіка фейлетонів журналу «Кіно» за 1926 рік

The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics of the feuilletons printed in the magazine "Kino" for 1926.Methodology.Descriptive, systematic methods, methods of analysis, synthesis, statistical methods, and hermeneutic methods were used in the research process. Information necessary for the coverage of the topic of the scientific article was recorded using the descriptive method. The content and form of feuilletons were comprehensively analyzed using the systematic method. The method of analysis made it possible to single out compositional techniques and elements, means of psychologism from the texts. The method of synthesis presents the functional features of the form-content elements. Thanks to the hermeneutic method, original interpretations of the analyzed texts are offered.Thanks to the statistical method, the quantitative ratio of the used compositional elements and techniques, psychological tools for modeling the images of the characters or the collective image of the audience was clarified.Research results. In 1926, 4 feuilletons were printed in the magazine "Kino", which discussed current problems, the emergence of which was caused by the specifics of the development of cinematography at that time, determined by cultural and socio-political factors.Conclusions. The topics and problems of the feuilletons are revealed more deeply with the help of creolization of the texts, in particular, it is about the use in all feuilletons of illustrations, which are characterized by multifunctionality, with text quotes. The plot of feuilletons, the compositional features of which are the division of texts into parts, the use of compositional framing, the compositional technique "story within a story", film advertising, and descriptions, is presented with the help of either extra-diegetic or homodiegetic narrators, as well as due to their contamination. To model the figurative system of feuilletons, the authors used various means of psychology, visual, sound, olfactory details, and artistic means that give feuilletons dynamism, and expressiveness, and increase the humorous and satirical effect.

Touching Variables: Decolonial Approaches and New Tools for Ecological Data Visualization

Abstract In this article the authors activate decolonial feminist art history as a transdisciplinary protocol for organizing quantitative data. In foregrounding precolonial calculation tools as the basis for a new data visualization method, they present questions about how scientists might negotiate multiple interrelated variables in their research, opening more possibilities for narrating complex causes and effects of anthropogenic climate change and facilitating discussions about the relationship between climate change and settler-colonialism through visual means. While data science has historically prioritized Cartesian and Euclidean geometry as the most efficient tools for data visualization, the authors draw on Indigenous calculation tools that allow for more visual and semantic flexibility than the x-y axis.

Adaptation of Visual Storytelling and Symbolism in ‘Shanthi Nilayam’: A Reflection of ‘Jane Eyre’

This study delves into the intricate world of visual storytelling and symbolism in the classic Indian film ‘Shanthi Nilayam’ and draws parallels with Charlotte Bronte’s timeless novel ‘Jane Eyre’. By analysing the use of cinematic elements and symbolism in both works, this research aims to uncover how ‘Shanthi Nilayam’ adapts and reflects the themes and motifs found in ‘Jane Eyre’. Through a comparative lens, this study provides valuable insights into the cross- cultural adaptation of literary classics in cinema and showcases the power of resonance of storytelling and symbolism across diverse artistic mediums and cultures.this study underscores the importance of visual storytelling and symbolism in cinematic adaptations of classic literature. It illustrates how “Shanthi Nilayam” creatively reinterprets “Jane Eyre” through visual means, offering a fresh perspective on Brontë’s timeless narrative.By exploring the interplay of visual elements and symbolism in “Shanthi Nilayam”, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of how cinematic adaptations can capture the essence of a literary masterpiece while infusing it with cultural and visual richness.

The Process of Becoming a War Refugee: The Case of a Finnish Boy

The article observes the different stages of the gradual process by which Olev Mikiver became a refugee, following the formation and interweaving of his professional (artist’s) identity, his identity as a soldier and as a refugee, based on his private letters. The study mainly focuses on four letters written by Mikiver during the Finnish Continuation War, in which he participated as a volunteer in 1943–1944; these volunteers later became known as the Finnish Boys. The analysis of the letters focuses on the topics discussed in the letters and on Mikiver’s word usage. In addition to verbal means of expression, visual means have also been observed to gain additional information about the changes in identity, attitudes, and mood of the letter-writer. The analysis showed that despite Mikiver remaining a devoted artist, he adopted the soldier identity in a relatively short time and no conflict arose between the two identities. In 1944, Mikiver fled to Sweden. Based on the letters he sent to his friend Ilmar Laaban between 1948 and 1993, some observations have also been made about how he coped with refugee life in Sweden. In the post-war period, the opportunity to continue as an artist in exile, on the one hand, and the sense of solidarity with other Finnish Continuation War veterans on the other hand, helped Mikiver overcome his depression as a refugee.

Comparison of Phaco-Tanito Microhook Trabeculotomy between Propensity-Score-Matched 120-Degree and 240-Degree Incision Groups

This study compared the effectiveness and safety of 120-degree (nasal) and 240-degree (bilateral) incisions in Tanito Microhook Trabeculotomy (TMH) combined with cataract surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma. From a pool of 185 eyes, 67 eyes from 67 subjects were selected for each incision group using propensity score matching to align age, sex, glaucoma type, and preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP). The study found that preoperative IOP, initially 18.6 mmHg in both groups, decreased to 13.2 mmHg in the nasal group and 12.8 mmHg in the bilateral group 12 months postoperatively, representing reductions of 29% and 31%, respectively. Similarly, medication scores decreased from 3.4 to 2.7 in the nasal group and from 3.1 to 2.5 in the bilateral group. Notably, the bilateral incision group exhibited a significantly higher hyphema red blood cell score compared to the nasal group (p < 0.0001). Across the study period, other parameters such as IOP, medication score, visual acuity, anterior chamber flare, corneal endothelial cell density, visual field mean deviation, and the frequency of surgical complications other than hyphema were similar between the groups. The study concluded that TMH combined with cataract surgery is equally effective and safe regardless of incision width, although narrower incisions resulted in reduced early postoperative hyphema.

Ethnicity, Progressive Keratoconus, and Outcomes after Corneal Cross-Linking in Southern Israel.

To assess clinical outcomes of corneal cross-linking (CXL) intervention in a population diagnosed with progressive keratoconus. This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent standard CXL or accelerated CXL for progressive keratoconus at a major teaching hospital in southern Israel between January 2015 and December 2019. Patients' medical files were reviewed, and pre-operative and post-operative data regarding demographics and clinical and tomographic characteristics were extracted and analyzed. This study included 166 patients (representing 198 eyes), out of which 98 patients (123 eyes) were ethnically Bedouin, and 68 patients (75 eyes) were ethnically Jewish. Overall, 126 patients (144 eyes) had a follow-up of at least 12 months (16.84 ± 5.76). The mean patient age was 20.62 ± 7.1 years old. There were significant baseline differences between the two ethnic groups in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA; p < 0.001), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA; p < 0.001), mean keratometry (p = 0.028), and corneal thickness (p < 0.001). Significant changes in BCVA, UCVA, and pachymetry parameters within each group were found after 12 months. Negative binomial regression analysis showed a maximal keratometry below 55D (RR = 1.247, p < 0.001), and a standard CXL procedure (RR = 1.147, p = 0.041) are significantly related to the stability of KC after 12 months. However, the effect size of the origin of patients is negligible (RR = 1.047, p = 0.47). In this study, the Bedouin population suffered from more progressive keratoconus when compared to the Jewish population. CXL was significantly effective in improving BCVA and UCVA in both groups after 12 months of follow-up. The effect size of the origin of patients on the stability of KC was found to be negligible.

Advancing an individual-community health nexus: Survey, visual, and narrative meanings of mental and physical health for Arab emerging adults

Advancing an individual-community health nexus: Survey, visual, and narrative meanings of mental and physical health for Arab emerging adults

Reducing Ophthalmic Health Disparities Through Transfer Learning: A Novel Application to Overcome Data Inequality.

Race disparities in the healthcare system and the resulting inequality in clinical data among different races hinder the ability to generate equitable prediction results. This study aims to reduce healthcare disparities arising from data imbalance by leveraging advanced transfer learning (TL) methods. We examined the ophthalmic healthcare disparities at a population level using electronic medical records data from a study cohort (N = 785) receiving care at an academic institute. Regression-based TL models were usesd, transferring valuable information from the dominant racial group (White) to improve visual field mean deviation (MD) rate of change prediction particularly for data-disadvantaged African American (AA) and Asian racial groups. Prediction results of TL models were compared with two conventional approaches. Disparities in socioeconomic status and baseline disease severity were observed among the AA and Asian racial groups. The TL approach achieved marked to comparable improvement in prediction accuracy compared to the two conventional approaches as evident by smaller mean absolute errors or mean square errors. TL identified distinct key features of visual field MD rate of change for each racial group. The study introduces a novel application of TL that improved reliability of the analysis in comparison with conventional methods, especially in small sample size groups. This can improve assessment of healthcare disparity and subsequent remedy approach. TL offers an equitable and efficient approach to mitigate healthcare disparities analysis by enhancing prediction performance for data-disadvantaged group.

Electromechanical Coupling in Electroactive Polymers - a Visual Analysis of a Third-Order Tensor Field.

Electroactive polymers are frequently used in engineering applications due to their ability to change their shape and properties under the influence of an electric field. This process also works vice versa, such that mechanical deformation of the material induces an electric field in the EAP device. This specific behavior makes such materials highly attractive for the construction of actuators and sensors in various application areas. The electromechanical behaviour of electroactive polymers can be described by a third-order coupling tensor, which represents the sensitivity of mechanical stresses concerning the electric field, i.e., it establishes a relation between a second-order and a first-order tensor field. Due to this coupling tensor's complexity and the lack of meaningful visualization methods for third-order tensors in general, an interpretation of the tensor is rather difficult. Thus, the central engineering research question that this contribution deals with is a deeper understanding of electromechanical coupling by analyzing the third-order coupling tensor with the help of specific visualization methods. Starting with a deviatoric decomposition of the tensor, the multipoles of each deviator are visualized, which allows a first insight into this highly complex third-order tensor. In the present contribution, four examples, including electromechanical coupling, are simulated within a finite element framework and subsequently analyzed using the tensor visualization method.

GENRE OF THEATRICAL REVIEW IN THE WORK OF N. V. GOGOL

The purpose of the article is to consider the ideological, thematic and genre features of the theater review in the works of Nikolay V. Gogol, as well as to identify the writer’s views on the development of the theater in the mid-1830s. Based on the analysis of the texts «Petersburg Notes for 1836» and «The Petersburg stage in 1835/36», the patterns of development of the Gogol’s aesthetic concept are determined. The writer perceives the theater as the center of the cultural life of St. Petersburg society, sees in theatrical art a huge potential for moral improvement and social transformation.In the discussions about the repertoire of the St. Petersburg stage, the ideas of the sacralization of art and the poet’s mission are manifested. N. Gogol attaches special importance to the genre of comedy – «spiritual», based on intellectual humor and satire.Gogol’s theatrical review is distinguished by such features as mosaic composition, essayization. Genre synthesis (review, writer’s notes, essays, etc.) and the widespread use of artistic visual and expressive means are noted as the most important features of Gogol’s criticism and journalistic works.The research contributes to the study of theater journalism and Gogol’s activities as a theater critic.

Statistical Methods for Visualizing Healthcare Big Data

With the advancement and acceleration of digital technology, the demand and supply of healthcare big data are increasing. In Korea, the government and companies have made various efforts to utilize healthcare big data, such as deregulation data-related legal regulations and data linkage between different institutions. As a result, many researchers have been able to access a variety of healthcare big data. Although healthcare big data has a vast amount and high value, many researchers are unable to fully access healthcare big data because there are difficulties in processing, analysis, and interpretation for data. The data visualization is recognized as an important tool that can solve these limitations. Using data visualization, researchers can intuitively understand complex data and receive support for decision-making. Additionally, these visualizations promote effective communication between experts in different fields and between experts and non-experts. Visualization is used in a variety of research fields and processes, including data summarization, data exploration, and evaluation and interpretation of predictive models. Various types of visualization have different meanings depending on how they are expressed. Therefore, it is important to express the meaning of visualization appropriately. This study provides representative examples of visual representations for data summarization, data exploration, and predictive model evaluation. This study aimed to improve easier access and utilization of healthcare big data by providing R code and visualization results.

Soil Within Us: An Autopedology of Migrant Family History and Mourning through the Medium of Soil

Drawing on personal experiences, ethnographic observations, novels, videos on social networking sites, a poem, and a family diary, this essay explores the mourning of deaths in one’s family history and in the migrant community against the backdrop of political events, including the Russia-Ukraine war, and geological occurrences. Paying attention to how soil manifests itself in these events, the author investigates the potential of soil to serve as a medium for experiencing and coming to terms with the world. The study proposes a genre of autopedology in which the ethnographer writes about events through soil and undergoes the process of formation together with the soil. The essay travels a road of six signposts, from the embodied to the ontological, then to the destructive, to the decomposing, to the consumable and consuming, and finally to the mourning soil. It is shown that the soil within us offers the means to express and stand up against unjust deaths. The study is complemented by photography as a means of visualisation of the process of mourning with soil.

VISUAL AND DIGITAL RHETORIC: THE EXPERIENCE OF COMPREHENSION

Research on rhetoric is often limited to the history of the question and the analysis of rhetorical techniques from the classical rhetorical canon. However, in the modern world, this is not enough. This article is devoted to the study of questions about visual and digital rhetoric: your interrelated areas that play a key role in the modern information world, because with the help of rhetoric, various models of reality are tested, mastered and constructed. Because rhetoric by its very nature acts as a mechanism for constructing and interpreting models of reality, performing a key role in the formation of public consciousness. Within the framework of this abstract, we will consider the main aspects of the study of these disciplines, as well as their impact on the formation and perception of messages in modern society. Due to the rapid development of technology and constant changes in the media environment, philosophical analysis of visual and digital rhetoric is becoming a necessary tool for understanding the essence of new challenges. Visual rhetoric can create specific frames of perception, controlling the audience's attention and influencing their interpretation of events and phenomena. Digital rhetoric studies the impact of digital technologies on communication methods, language use, and the effectiveness of persuasion in a digital environment. Philosophical analysis of these areas becomes particularly important in light of the rapid development of technology and dynamic changes in the media environment, and therefore in the human consciousness. The philosophy-based approach allows for a deeper understanding of the nature and differences between visual and digital rhetoric, their roots, and ethical aspects. The philosophical approach allows us to ask solid, fruitful questions about how visual and digital media influence our beliefs, values, and cultural norms. Philosophy manifests the potential challenges and risks associated with the use of visual and digital means of communication, as digital rhetoric faces a number of challenges, such as excessive amounts of information, ephemeral messages, awareness of falsehood-authenticity, technical limitations, and others. The article justifies the importance of philosophical analysis in the context of the modern information landscape, helping us to interact more consciously and effectively with these powerful means of communication and expression. The article provides a framework for critical thinking that allows society to adapt to constant changes and develop in conditions of information saturation.

Clinical Course and Ophthalmologic Findings in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension and Pregnancy.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) has its highest prevalence among women of childbearing age and therefore frequently coincides with pregnancy. This retrospective cohort study aimed to explore the impact of pregnancy on the clinical course, ophthalmologic findings and on the therapeutic management of IIH patients. Individual patient records were reviewed for neuro-ophthalmologic findings, treatment strategy, adherence to therapy and pregnancy complications. Sixteen patients with 19 documented pregnancies were identified. The visual acuity, visual field defects and the grade of papilledema at baseline and after pregnancy were compared. The visual acuity and visual field mean deviation at baseline and at follow-up after pregnancy did not significantly differ. Papilledema at baseline was more pronounced in patients who had been diagnosed with IIH during pregnancy than in patients with established IIH. In this cohort, the visual acuity and the visual field were not lastingly impacted by pregnancy. The adherence to therapy was low, with 69% discontinuing treatment or medication.

Mapping vision loss of patients in a glaucoma backlog following the COVID-19 pandemic: a real-world analysis using the Glauc-Strat-Fast risk stratification tool.

Glauc-Strat-Fast is a clinical tool recommended by The Royal College of Ophthalmologists to classify glaucoma patients into strata of risk for significant future sight loss and an estimate of resource requirement. The aim of this study was to map the movement of glaucoma patients across stratification boundaries on Glauc-Strat-Fast during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glauc-Strat-Fast was applied to a consecutive sample of 100 primary open angle glaucoma patients in a backlog at Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust. Stratification outcomes were compared between clinic visits prior to the COVID-19 pandemic versus the follow-up visit. Patients were stratified twice separately based on their worse eye (i.e., most affected) and better eye (i.e., least affected) according to Glauc-Strat-Fast. Amount of slippage (difference between target follow-up and actual follow-up) ranged from 2 to 32 months. There was a statistically significant average reduction in visual field mean deviation for better and worse eyes between visits (p = <0.001). At follow-up, no worse eyes were classified as being low risk (green), while 96 were classified as high risk (red). For better eyes, elevation of risk into the highest strata of Glauc-Strat-Fast observed a three-fold increase in patients (19 versus 56) between visits. This retrospective real-world analysis highlights patients' movement into the highest strata on the Glauc-Strat-Fast tool and demonstrates a significant deterioration in visual outcomes during a period of extensive appointment slippage. The findings demonstrate the utility of Glauc-Strat-Fast as a tool for improved patient management.

Efficacy and safety of deep sclerectomy with uveoscleral implant plus collagen matrix implant overcoming the superficial scleral flap in glaucoma surgery.

To assess the efficacy and safety of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with uveoscleral implant plus subconjunctival and intrascleral collagen matrix overcoming the superficial scleral flap lips (modified deep sclerectomy technique, DS) and minimal use of mitomycin C in glaucoma surgery. A retrospective review of 47 consecutive glaucoma patients who underwent NPDS with DS between January 2017 and May 2018. Best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), post-operative need for glaucoma medications, visual field mean deviation (MD), re-interventions, needling revisions and laser goniopuncture were noted. Absolute success was defined as IOP≤18 mm Hg without topical medication. Relative success was defined as the same criteria but with the addition of any antihypertensive medication. IOP over 18 mm Hg on two consecutive follow-up visits was considered as a failure. Fifty-two eyes of 47 patients were evaluated. Mean preoperative IOP was 25.37±6.47 mm Hg, and decreased to 15.04±4.73 at 12mo and 12.21±4.1 at 24mo (all P<0.0001). Requirement for topical medications dropped from a mean of 3.06±0.25 per patient to 0.51±0.99 and 1.11±1.23 respectively after 12 and 24mo (all P<0.0001). No medications were required in 45.5% of patients after 24mo. Relative and absolute success rate at 24mo were 85.5%±5% and 48.5%±7.4%, respectively. DS is a safe and effective non-penetrating glaucoma surgery variation. It aims to retain the patency of all pathways created for aqueous humor drainage: the intrascleral bleb, the supraciliary space and the open communication between intrascleral and subconjunctival compartments.

VISUAL REPRESENTATION ON CHILDREN BOOK BY ROALD DAHL’S CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY: SOCIAL SEMIOTIC STUDY

Visual image in the book is an important part of making a literary work especially in children picture book and the visual image were studied in social semiotic. This research aims to find the visual representation in children book Charlie and The Chocolate Factory written by Roald Dahl in 1964, as well as to identify the meaning by explaining social semiotic through visual representation in representational meaning, character manifestation, appearance and inter-circumstance by Painter. This study classified into qualitative research and types of data in this research classified into document of analyzing. While the steps collecting and analyzing data the researcher using social semiotic approach through multimodality by Bezemer and Jewitt: collecting and logging, viewing, sampling and transcribing the data. Then, for analyzed the data using visual representation (narrative representation, conceptual representation, and embedding) by Kress and Leeuwen also character manifestation, appearance, and inter-circumstance by Painter. This research used qualitative descriptive method in reporting the result of analysis in which description took the most important role in displaying the data analysis. The researcher found 43 of illustration images in the context of children book Charlie and The Chocolate Factory. The researchers found narrative representation (40), conceptual representation (3), embedding (images that contain narrative and conceptual representation) (4). Then, the researcher found appear (12), reappear (28), and 3 images are not counted because there is no character in the structure of character appearance. All of data or 43 images classified complete feature in the structure of character manifestation, and all of data classified into sustain degree in the structure of inter-circumstance. The result of this research is be able to explain the visual representation meaning, character manifestation, appearance, and inter-circumstance which found in children book Charlie and The Chocolate Factory.

Elamipretide Topical Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of Subjects with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: A Randomized Trial

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability, and potential efficacy of topical elamipretide in patients affected with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). DesignThis Phase 2, prospective, randomized, vehicle controlled, single-center clinical trial involved administration of elamipretide (MTP-131) topical ophthalmic solution to LHON patients over a 52-week double-masked treatment period (DMTP), followed by an open extension label (OLE) for up to 108 additional weeks of treatment. SubjectsTwelve patients affected with LHON were included in this study. Patients between ages 18 and 50 with decreased vision, for at least one year and no more than ten years, and a genetically confirmed diagnosis of m.11778G>A LHON were eligible for this trial. MethodsFor the first 52 weeks of the study, patients were randomized to one of two arms, elamipretide in both eyes or elamipretide in one eye and vehicle in the other eye, followed by an OLE where both eyes were treated with elamipretide. Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the assessment of adverse events from the administration of topical elamipretide 1% and the primary efficacy endpoint was change in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcome measures included changes in color vision, visual field mean deviation, and electrophysiological outcomes. ResultsElamipretide was well tolerated with the majority of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) being mild to moderate and resolving spontaneously. The change from baseline in BCVA in elamipretide-treated eyes was not significantly different from the vehicle eyes at any time point. Six of 12 subjects met the criteria for clinically relevant benefit (CRB). In the post-hoc analysis, change from baseline in mean deviation in the central visual field was significantly greater in elamipretide treated eyes versus the vehicle eyes. Compared to baseline, both treatment groups showed improvement in color discrimination and contrast sensitivity in the OLE. ConclusionsElamipretide treatment was generally well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. Although this study did not meet its primary BCVA efficacy endpoint, improvements across assessments on visual function during the OLE, and the post-hoc findings of the HVF central region, were encouraging and require further exploration.

Dynamic characteristics analysis for gear transmission system in shearer cutting section under different loads

Gear transmission system is an important component of the shearer cutting part. The quality of its performance affects the reliable and high-efficiency operation of the whole system. Multi-rigid body and rigid-flexible coupling models were established respectively, and the dynamic analysis is carried out in the virtual simulation software Adams for the gear transmission system of the shearer cutting section. The dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system under different load conditions were studied. The effects of constant load torque and step load torque on the dynamic characteristics of the drive system are explored. The research results show that the simulation results obtained from the rigid-flexible coupling model of the gear transmission system are closer to the actual operating conditions. It provides a visual means of dynamic analysis, which is more intuitive and convenient. The research methods and results can provide a reference for the further exploration of the electromechanical coupling dynamic characteristics of the motor-gear transmission system.

Stress and Allostatic Load in Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

This study evaluated the allostatic load (AL) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients and reported that the AL score was significantly higher in glaucoma patients compared with age-matched controls. To evaluate the AL in patients with POAG. This case-control study comprised 50 POAG (glaucoma patients) and 50 age-matched controls without glaucoma (controls). AL was estimated based on 13 variables: systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, homocysteine, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, body mass index, serum cortisol, glycosylated hemoglobin, albumin, creatinine clearance, and C-reactive protein. High-risk thresholds were determined based on biological cutoffs of each biomarker. One point was assigned for each biomarker reading above cutoff and were summated to obtain AL score; score ≥4 was considered high. Mean age of glaucoma patients was 60.82±6.26 and 60.14±6.72 years in controls ( P =0.602). All components of AL score (except C-reactive protein) had higher values in glaucoma patients. There was a statistically significant difference in homocysteine ( P =0.001), total cholesterol ( P =0.037), high-density lipoprotein ( P =0.005), and glycosylated hemoglobin ( P =0.003). Mean AL score was 4.68±2.09 in glaucoma patients and 3.32±1.34 in controls ( P <0.001). There was significant association of high AL score with older age ( P =0.006), low socioeconomic status ( P =0.020), and glaucoma severity ( P =0.001). Negative correlation was seen between AL and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Right Eye: r =-0.37, P <0.001; Left Eye: r =-0.298, P <0.001) and visual field mean deviation (Right Eye: r =-0.469, P <0.001; Left Eye: r =-0.520, P <0.001). Glaucoma patients exhibited allostatic overload indicating physiological dysregulation to chronic stress although additional research is required to establish causality. A holistic approach with lifestyle modifications to reduce chronic stress should be an integral part of managing glaucoma patients as it would serve both to possibly reduce or prevent disease progression and improve overall health outcomes.