Effect Of Visual Feedback Research Articles

The effect of different visual feedback interfaces of music training games on speech rehabilitation in hearing-impaired children: An fNIRS study

Singing plays a critical role in enhancing musicality, sound discrimination, and attention, and proves advantageous for speech rehabilitation in children with hearing impairments. Computer-based training games are well-suited to the learning behaviors of children, with substantial evidence suggesting that music training augments speech training capabilities in this demographic. Despite this, there is a lack of detailed exploration into the design of interactive online music training interfaces tailored for these needs. This study investigates brain activation changes using two visual feedback singing games, analyzed through functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a serious game (SG) and an entertainment game (EG) with visually enhanced feedback. It also assesses the efficacy of home-based music training software for speech rehabilitation.Methods involved recording oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Delta [HbO]) signals from the prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe in 21 children (average age: 9.3 ± 1.9 years) during two singing interface experiments. Subjects also completed the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) questionnaire post-experiment.Main results showed that brain regions, particularly the temporal lobe, exhibited stronger and more pronounced activation signals with the SG interface compared to the EG, suggesting that SG is more effective for speech system rehabilitation. The Intrinsic Motivation Scale results revealed higher acceptability for SG than for EG. This study provides insights into designing online speech rehabilitation products for children with hearing impairment, advocating for better interactive training methods from a neuroscience perspective.

Distinct and additive effects of visual and vibratory feedback for motor rehabilitation: an EEG study in healthy subjects

IntroductionThe use of visual and proprioceptive feedback is a key property of motor rehabilitation techniques. This feedback can be used alone, for example, for vision in mirror or video therapy, for proprioception in focal tendon vibration therapy, or in combination, for example, in robot-assisted training. This Electroencephalographic (EEG) study in healthy subjects explored the distinct neurophysiological impact of adding visual (video therapy), proprioceptive (focal tendinous vibration), or combined feedback (video therapy and focal tendinous vibration) to a motor imagery task.MethodsSixteen healthy volunteers performed 20 mental imagery (MI) tasks involving right wrist extension and flexion under four conditions: MI alone (IA), MI + video feedback observation (IO), MI + vibratory feedback (IV), and MI + observation + vibratory feedback (IOV). Brain activity was monitored with EEG, and time-frequency neurophysiological markers of movement were computed. The emotions of the patients were also measured during the task.ResultsIn the alpha band, we observed bilateral ERD in the visual feedback conditions (IO, IOV). In the beta band, the ERD was bilateral in the IA, IV and IOV but more lateralized in the IV and IOV. After movement, we observed strong ERS in the IO and IOV but not in the IA or IV. Embodiment was stronger in conditions with vibratory feedback (IOV > IV > IA and IO)ConclusionConditions with visual feedback (IO, IOV) recruit the mirror neurons system (alpha ERD) and provide more accurate feedback of the task than IA and IV, which triggers motor validation pathways (beta rebound analysis). Vibratory feedback enhances the recruitment of the left sensorimotor areas, with a synergistic effect in the IOV (beta ERD analysis), thus maximizing embodiment. Visual and vibratory feedback recruits the sensorimotor cortex during motor imagery in different ways and can be combined to maximize the benefits of both techniquesTrial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04449328.

Real-time visual feedback can cue changes in grip force during electric hand tool operation

Objectives. Grip force applied during repetitive hand tool use varies amongst individuals and some apply more force than necessary. Augmented feedback may help modify grip force to reduce the risk of developing cumulative trauma disorders but has been scarcely investigated during electric hand tool operation. This study evaluated the feasibility of using real-time visual feedback to modify grip force and forearm electromyography (EMG) during electric hand tool operation. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of hand and tool orientation on any effects of visual feedback. Methods. Grip force and forearm muscle EMG were recorded as participants fastened bolts at three locations (low, high and overhead) using an electric pistol-grip nut-runner, without and with visual feedback. Results. Feedback decreased grip force (36.1% decrease; p < 0.001) and EMG of three wrist flexor muscles (22.8–33.0%; p < 0.008). Grip force and EMG also differed between fastening locations, but there were no interactions with condition (baseline and feedback; p > 0.266), suggesting that visual feedback can modify grip force across varying hand and tool orientations. Conclusion. Visual feedback can successfully modify grip force during hand tool operation. However, further investigation is needed to understand how to appropriately implement visual feedback during hand tool operation.

Comparison of Single Session Auditory Versus Visual Feedback on Performance and Postural Balance in Hemiplegic Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a pediatric disorder characterized by a motor impairment resulting from a permanent, non-progressive lesion in the brain. Cerebral palsy is marked by movement and postural control impairments, which greatly affect body structure, function, daily activities, and participation. To compare the single-session auditory versus visual feedback on performance and postural balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. The study was a crossover clinical trialinvolving a group of 25 patients diagnosed with CP hemiplegia, aged between 6 and 12 years, including both genders. Each patient underwent conventional balance therapy followed by either auditory feedback or visual feedback intervention. After a 48-hour wash-out period, they received conventional balance therapy again before undergoing the alternative intervention initially assigned. The Modified Ashworth scale (MAS), pediatric balance scale (PBS), timed one-leg stance, time up and go test (TUG), and center of pressure (CoP) displacements were assessed as the outcome measures before and after the interventions. Based on the one-leg stand test, TUG, and CoP displacement outcome measures results, both interventions improved balance time, speed of movement, and postural stability in children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy (P < 0.05). Moreover, after a single session of the intervention, the visual feedback group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in the TUG test, one-leg stand test, and CoP displacement compared to the auditory group (P < 0.05). The results of the study suggest that combining auditory or visual feedback with conventional balance therapy is effective in treating children with hemiplegic spastic cerebral palsy; furthermore, the utilization of visual feedback would be more effective. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of visual and auditory feedback on the assessed outcome measures.

Understanding visual feedback mechanism from three-dimensional of information, time and display: A meta-analysis of feedback research for household electricity conservation

Visual feedback, which refers to the provision of energy information through visual interfaces to households, has emerged as a crucial approach for promoting energy conservation and addressing climate change. However, existing experimental studies lack a unified standard framework design for visual feedback, and have significant divergences in its effectiveness. Hence, we first propose a design framework for visual feedback on household electricity consumption, including information, time and display. On this basis, this study provides comprehensivemeta-analytic evidence on the effectiveness of visual feedback from 156 articles between 1976 and 2024, and finds that visual feedback has a moderate energy-saving effect. Further considering the interaction of 3D influencing factors, we explore the optimal combination of visual feedback using multilevel meta-regression. The results show that information, time and display are all important factors for visual feedback. When designing informational interventions, it is important to choose effective feedback frequency and feedback media. The optimal strategy of 3D visual feedback combination is “self-comparison + monetary incentives + low frequency + digital media”. These findings can help policy makers and utilities to develop effective feedback measures to promote household energy conservation.

Effect of Step Height and Visual Feedback on the Lower Limb Kinematics Before and After Landing

Effect of Step Height and Visual Feedback on the Lower Limb Kinematics Before and After Landing

The value of collision feedback in robotic surgical skills training

Collision feedback about instrument and environment interaction is often lacking in robotic surgery training devices. The PoLaRS virtual reality simulator is a newly developed desk trainer that overcomes drawbacks of existing robot trainers for advanced laparoscopy. This study aimed to assess the effect of haptic and visual feedback during training on the performance of a robotic surgical task. Robotic surgery-naïve participants were randomized and equally divided into two training groups: Haptic and Visual Feedback (HVF) and No Haptic and Visual Feedback. Participants performed two basic virtual reality training tasks on the PoLaRS system as a pre- and post-test. The measurement parameters Time, Tip-to-tip distance, Path length Left/Right and Collisions Left/Right were used to analyze the learning curves and statistically compare the pre- and post-tests performances. In total, 198 trials performed by 22 participants were included. The visual and haptic feedback did not negatively influence the time to complete the tasks. Although no improvement in skill was observed between pre- and post-tests, the mean rank of the number of collisions of the right grasper (dominant hand) was significantly lower in the HVF feedback group during the second post-test (Mean Rank = 8.73 versus Mean Rank = 14.27, U = 30.00, p = 0.045). Haptic and visual feedback during the training on the PoLaRS system resulted in fewer instrument collisions. These results warrant the introduction of haptic feedback in subjects with no experience in robotic surgery. The PoLaRS system can be utilized to remotely optimize instrument handling before commencing robotic surgery in the operating room.

Effectiveness of Concurrent Positive and Negative Visual Feedback on a Computerized Motor Task of Varying Difficulties

The purpose of this online study was to examine the effectiveness of concurrent positive and negative visual feedback on the performance of a rotary-pursuit task. One hundred and nine physical education students were randomly assigned to three groups: a positive feedback group (n = 37), a negative feedback group (n = 35), and a control group (no feedback; n = 37). The students participated from their own home computers and performed an easy, moderate, and difficult rotary-pursuit task. On Day 1, the participants performed a pre-test with no feedback and practiced eight trials of each level of difficulty with the assigned feedback. On Day 2, they practiced eight trials of each level of difficulty again. On Day 3, they practiced eight trials of each level of difficulty with feedback and performed a post-test with no feedback. Finally, the participants were asked to report their subjective assessment of the task difficulty. The main findings were that in the task of moderate difficulty, negative feedback led to the best performance during practice. In addition, regardless of the difficulty level, practicing with negative feedback led to the best performance in the post-test. The results suggest that task difficulty moderates the effects of feedback on performance and that providing concurrent negative visual feedback in a continuous task may be more advantageous.

Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy through Telerehabilitation on Upper Extremity Performance in Hemiparetic Stroke Patients: An Experimental Study

Introduction: A major challenge in stroke rehabilitation is the paresis of the Upper Extremity (UE), resulting in limited functional performance. Recently, motor imagery and Mirror Therapy (MT) have been recommended as an additional rehabilitation strategies that could be beneficial for motor rehabilitation after a stroke. Aim: To determine the effectiveness of mirror visual feedback through Telerehabilitation (TR) on UE functional performance in hemiparetic stroke patients. Materials and Methods: An experimental pretest, post-test study design was conducted at SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRMIST, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India from January 2021 to June 2021. Total of 60 patients diagnosed with hemiparetic stroke were included in the study through convenience sampling and divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=30) received TR, and the control group (n=30) received face-to-face MT for 12 weeks. A pretest and post-test evaluation were administered using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for the Upper Extremity (FMA-UE). Within-group analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, while intergroup analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results: The study revealed statistical significance between the pretest and post-test scores of the WMFT-FAS (Functional Ability Score), WMFT-Time (Performance Time), and FMA-UE in the control and experimental groups. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the post-test scores of the control and experimental groups in the FMA and WMFTFAS. However, there was a statistically significant distinction in the post-test scores between the control and experimental groups in WMFT-Time. Conclusion: The study concluded that mirror visual feedback through TR was an effective treatment method to improve UE functional performance among hemiparetic stroke patients by offering an alternative service delivery model for occupational therapy

Closed-Loop Force Control by Biorealistic Hand Prosthesis with Visual and Tactile Sensory Feedback.

The ability of a novel biorealistic hand prosthesis for grasp force control reveals improved neural compatibility between the human-prosthetic interaction. The primary purpose here was to validate a virtual training platform for amputee subjects and evaluate the respective roles of visual and tactile information in fundamental force control tasks. We developed a digital twin of tendon-driven prosthetic hand in the MuJoCo environment. Biorealistic controllers emulated a pair of antagonistic muscles controlling the index finger of the virtual hand by surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from amputees' residual forearm muscles. Grasp force information was transmitted to amputees through evoked tactile sensation (ETS) feedback. Six forearm amputees participated in force tracking and holding tasks under different feedback conditions or using their intact hands. Test results showed that visual feedback played a predominant role than ETS feedback in force tracking and holding tasks. However, in the absence of visual feedback during the force holding task, ETS feedback significantly enhanced motor performance compared to feedforward control alone. Thus, ETS feedback still supplied reliable sensory information to facilitate amputee's ability of stable grasp force control. The effects of tactile and visual feedback on force control were subject-specific when both types of feedback were provided simultaneously. Amputees were able to integrate visual and tactile information to the biorealistic controllers and achieve a good sensorimotor performance in grasp force regulation. The virtual platform may provide a training paradigm for amputees to adapt the biorealistic hand controller and ETS feedback optimally.

Comparisons of three different modes of digital mirror therapy for post-stroke rehabilitation: Preliminary results of randomized controlled trial

Objective Technologically adapted mirror therapy shows promising results in improving motor function for stroke survivors. The treatment effects of a newly developed multi-mode stroke rehabilitation system offering multiple training modes in digital mirror therapy remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of unilateral mirror visual feedback (MVF) with unimanual training (UM-UT), unilateral MVF with bimanual training (UM-BT), and bilateral MVF with bimanual training (BM-BT) on clinical outcomes in stroke survivors, compared to classical mirror therapy (CMT). Methods Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving fifteen 60-minute training sessions for 3–4 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI), Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment (rNSA), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and EQ-5D-5L were administered at pre- and post-intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Results After intervention and follow-up, significant within-group treatment efficacies were found on most primary outcomes of the FMA-UE and CAHAI scores in all four groups. Significant within-group improvements in the secondary outcomes were found on the MAL and EQ-5D-5L index in the UM-BT group, and the rNSA tactile sensation and MAL quality of movement subscales in the BM-BT group. No significant between-group treatment efficacies were found. Conclusions UM-UT, UM-BT, BM-BT, and CMT led to similar clinical effects on the FMA-UE and can be considered effective alternative interventions for post-stroke upper-limb motor rehabilitation. UM-BT and BM-BT showed within-group improvements in functional performance in the patients’ affected upper limbs in real-life activities.

Investigating the Effects of Visual Feedback on Muscle Activity, Heart Rate, RPE, and Perceptions of Performance in Ballet Dancers

Investigating the Effects of Visual Feedback on Muscle Activity, Heart Rate, RPE, and Perceptions of Performance in Ballet Dancers

Evaluation of different feedback designs for target guidance in human controlled robotic cranes: A comparison between high and low performance groups

Labour shortages and costly operator training are driving the need for digital on-board robotic crane operator support in forestry and construction. This simulator study investigated the effects of sonification (auditory, pitch/loudness) and continuous visual (brightness/size) feedback on aiming movements with a robotic crane for low and high performers. The feedback was designed non-linear and linear. Thirty-six participants controlled a robotic crane bimanually using joysticks across 320 movements. Performance and skill indicators (movement time, accuracy, trajectory, smoothness) as well as satisfaction, and usefulness were assessed. Low-performing participants showed higher movement accuracy, particularly with non-linear pitch feedback compared to visual feedback. High performers exhibited no significant performance improvement in movement time, accuracy, or smoothness. There was no effect of linear or non-linear mapping of the feedback. Additionally, perceived satisfaction was lower with auditory than visual feedback. These results suggest that real-time auditory feedback can enhance operator accuracy whereas acceptance remains challenging.

Effect of clinical experience and training with visual feedback on standardized palpation outcomes-Potential implications for assessment of jaw muscle sensitivity.

The evaluation of muscle pain and sensitivity by manual palpation is an important part of the clinical examination in patients with myalgia. However, the effects of clinical experience and visual feedback on palpation of the masticatory muscles with or without a palpometer are not known. To estimate the effects of clinical experience and visual feedback on the accuracy of palpation in standardized settings. Thirty-two dentists (age 35 ± 11 years) classified as either specialists (n = 16) or generalists (n = 16) participated in this experiment. All dentists were instructed to target force levels of 500- or 1000-gf, as determined on an electronic scale using either standardized palpometers or manual palpation (MP). All dentists participated in four different tests: MP, MP with visual feedback (MPVF), palpometer (PAL) and PAL with visual feedback (PALVF). Actual force values for each type of palpation from 0 to 2, 2 to 5 and 0 to 5 s were analysed by calculating target force level. The relative differences during 2-5 and 0-5 s with 1000 gf were significantly lower for generalists than for specialists (p < .05). In generalists and specialists, the coefficients of variation and the relative differences during 2-5 s were significantly lower for PAL and PALVF than for MP (p < .05). These findings suggest that the use of a palpometer, but not clinical experience with palpation of masticatory muscles, increases the accuracy of palpation, and ≥2 s of palpation with a palpometer is optimal for masticatory muscles.

Is seeing believing?

Abstract This study compares the effects of visual and oral corrective feedback (CF) on L2 pronunciation development. While many studies have investigated the effects of oral CF for various types of L2 learner productions (Li, 2010; Mackey &amp; Goo, 2007), research in visual biofeedback is still developing (Antolík et al., 2019; Gick, et al., 2008). In this study, 21 Japanese learners of English were divided into two groups: an oral CF group and a visual (ultrasound) CF group where participants received either oral or visual feedback on task-essential pronunciations of English /l/ and /r/ after induced communication breakdowns in task-based interactions. Development, determined by accuracy ratings of /l/ and /r/ productions and comprehensibly ratings of phrases from reading passages by naïve raters, was examined pre and post participation in task-based interactions. Introspective reports in the form of stimulated recall interviews assessed learners’ noticing of visual and oral CF and provided qualitative evaluations of the utility of ultrasound imaging for improving pronunciation. Findings uncovered gains for the group who received biofeedback using ultrasound on a story reading task, but not a word list task, when compared with learners who only received oral CF. The training was positively received by participants with those in the ultrasound group finding use of the ultrasound motivating and useful for their production of /r/ and /l/.

Effectiveness of Visual Feedback in Reducing Trunk Compensation During Arm Reaching for Home-Based Stroke Rehabilitation.

This study investigates the effectiveness of visual feedback in reducing trunk compensation during one-arm reaching exercises using an end-effector robot. Results suggest that visual feedback is more effective than verbal feedback in suppressing trunk compensation, as evidenced by lower trunk movements. Synchronized target position with respect to trunk motion exhibited a suppressive effect on trunk motion, as observed by a reduction in trunk standard deviation, trunk root mean square, and trunk difference between the starting and ending positions. These findings have important implications for developing feedback techniques to address unnatural upper limb reach movements in stroke survivors during rehabilitation programs. However, the study's limitations, such as small sample size, should be considered. Future research should explore feedback techniques in different patient populations and exercise types and evaluate their long-term effects.

Virtual reality intervention alleviates dyspnoea in patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia.

Immersive virtual reality (iVR)-based digital therapeutics are gaining clinical attention in the field of pain management. Based on known analogies between pain and dyspnoea, we investigated the effects of visual respiratory feedback on persistent dyspnoea in patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. We performed a controlled, randomised, single-blind, crossover proof-of-concept study (feasibility and initial clinical efficacy) to evaluate an iVR-based intervention to alleviate dyspnoea in patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. Included patients reported persistent dyspnoea (≥5 on a 10-point scale) and preserved cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score >24). Assignment was random and concealed. Patients received synchronous (intervention) or asynchronous (control) feedback of their breathing, embodied via a gender-matched virtual body. The virtual body flashed in a waxing and waning visual effect that could be synchronous or asynchronous to the patient's respiratory movements. Outcomes were assessed using questionnaires and breathing recordings. Study enrolment was open between November 2020 and April 2021. 26 patients were enrolled (27% women; median age 55 years, interquartile range (IQR) 18 years). Data were available for 24 of 26 patients. The median rating on a 7-point Likert scale of breathing comfort improved from 1 (IQR 2) at baseline to 2 (IQR 1) for synchronous feedback, but remained unchanged at 1 (IQR 1.5) for asynchronous feedback (p<0.05 between iVR conditions). Moreover, 91.2% of all patients were satisfied with the intervention (p<0.0001) and 66.7% perceived it as beneficial for their breathing (p<0.05). Our iVR-based digital therapy presents a feasible and safe respiratory rehabilitation tool that improves breathing comfort in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection presenting with persistent dyspnoea. Future research should investigate the intervention's generalisability to persistent dyspnoea with other aetiologies and its potential for preventing chronification.

Effect of immersive virtual mirror visual feedback on Mu suppression and coherence in motor and parietal cortex in stroke

We investigated the activation pattern of the motor cortex (M1) and parietal cortex during immersive virtual reality (VR)-based mirror visual feedback (MVF) of the upper limb in 14 patients with chronic stroke and severe upper limb hemiparesis and in 21 healthy controls. Participants performed wrist extension with unaffected wrists (dominant side in controls). In the MVF condition, movement of the affected hand was synchronized with that of the unaffected hand. In the no-MVF condition, only the movement of unaffected hand was shown. Mu suppression in bilateral M1 and parietal cortex and mu coherence were analyzed. In patients with stroke, MVF induced significant mu suppression in both the ipsilesional M1 and parietal lobes (p = 0.006 and p = 0.009, respectively), while mu suppression was observed in the bilateral M1 (p = 0.003 for ipsilesional and p = 0.041 for contralesional M1, respectively) and contralesional parietal lobes in the controls (p = 0.036). The ipsilesional mu coherence between the M1 and parietal cortex in patients with stroke was stronger than controls, regardless of MVF condition (p < 0.001), while mu coherence between interhemispheric M1 cortices was significantly weaker in patients with stroke (p = 0.032). Our findings provide evidence of the neural mechanism of MVF using immersive VR in patients with stroke.

Effects of Visual Feedback on Balance and Risk of Fall among Geriatric Population

Introduction: Visual feedback training with a mirror is a technique that can improve postural stability by providing feedback on induced movements via a mirror image of the body image in the mirror. Balance training is considered to be an important aspect of a fall prevention program. Damage to balance ability causes difficulty in walking and performing functional activities. Hence, balance ability is the basis for independent movement and functional performance the aim is to find out the effects of visual feedback on balance and risk of fall among geriatric population. Aim and objectives: The aim and objective of the study is to find the effects of visual feedback on balance and risk of fall among geriatric population. Methodology: This study is an experimental study. A total of 30 geriatric population were selected based upon the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The participants were separated into two groups, the conventional group and the experimental group, each with 15 members. The detailed procedure was explained to the participants and a written informed consent form was obtained. Result: The values were statistically analyzed. The post-test mean value of Berg Balance scale in experimental group was 45.9 and conventional group was 43.2. This showed that Berg Balance Scale in experimental group was comparatively higher than conventional group. The post mean value of fall efficacy scale in experimental group was 4.80 and in conventional group was 5.93. This proves that fall efficacy scale in experimental group was comparatively less than conventional group. Conclusion: This study concluded that mirror visual feedback of experimental group was found more effective than conventional therapy in reducing risk of fall and increasing balance.

AI 스피커의 시각적 피드백 제시가 청년 및 중·장년 사용자의 지속사용의도에 미치는 영향

Artificial intelligence (AI) speakers are widely used in smart home environments, but user satisfaction is low, which can discourage user intention to continue using the device. To address this, researchers have suggested adding visual feedback to AI speakers. This study examined the effect of visual feedback on AI speaker usage intention and to verify the mediating effects of emotional experience and product attitude in younger and middle-aged adults. Videos of AI speaker disconnection situations were filmed, half of the participants were shown the videos (control group). The other half watched videos with visual feedback where context-related icons were added to the AI speakers (experimental group). For middle-aged group showed that visual feedback increased positive emotional experience, which in turn increased attitude toward the AI speaker, ultimately leading to greater intention to continue using it. However, in younger participants, emotional experience and product attitude did not mediate the relationship between visual feedback and usage intention. These findings imply that the influence of visual feedback on usage intention in user-AI speaker disconnection situations is depends on age, whereby visual feedback is especially efficacious for augmenting the usage intention of middle-aged AI speaker.