Visual Examples Research Articles

Structured Attention Network for Referring Image Segmentation

Referring image segmentation aims at segmenting out the object or stuff referred to by a natural language expression. The challenge of this task lies in the requirement of understanding both vision and language. The linguistic structure of a referring expression can provide an intuitive and explainable layout for reasoning over visual and linguistic concepts. In this paper, we propose a structured attention network (SANet) to explore the multimodal reasoning over the dependency tree parsed from the referring expression. Specifically, SANet implements the multimodal reasoning using an attentional multimodal tree-structure recurrent module (AMTreeGRU) in a bottom-up manner. In addition, for spatial detail improvement, SANet further incorporates the semantics-guided low-level features into high-level ones using the proposed attentional skip connection module. Extensive experiments on four public benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our proposed SANet with more explainable visualization examples.

Design Concept for Lighting Phytosystems for Public Spaces

The article presents the idea of combining the functions of phyto and lighting design using the example of developing a design concept for a lighting system with natural flowers. Experimentally selected light sources to create sufficient lighting of public space and maintain comfortable conditions for plants, as well as an autonomous irrigation system. Examples of visualization of a lighting phytosystem are presented in the interior design of the waiting room at Platov Airport, Rostov-on-Don.

Creating clear and informative image-based figures for scientific publications.

Scientists routinely use images to display data. Readers often examine figures first; therefore, it is important that figures are accessible to a broad audience. Many resources discuss fraudulent image manipulation and technical specifications for image acquisition; however, data on the legibility and interpretability of images are scarce. We systematically examined these factors in non-blot images published in the top 15 journals in 3 fields; plant sciences, cell biology, and physiology (n = 580 papers). Common problems included missing scale bars, misplaced or poorly marked insets, images or labels that were not accessible to colorblind readers, and insufficient explanations of colors, labels, annotations, or the species and tissue or object depicted in the image. Papers that met all good practice criteria examined for all image-based figures were uncommon (physiology 16%, cell biology 12%, plant sciences 2%). We present detailed descriptions and visual examples to help scientists avoid common pitfalls when publishing images. Our recommendations address image magnification, scale information, insets, annotation, and color and may encourage discussion about quality standards for bioimage publishing.

PELANGGARAN HAK CIPTA SINEMATOGRAFI DI INDONESIA: KAJIAN HUKUM PERSPEKTIF BERN CONVENTION DAN UNDANG-UNDANG HAK CIPTA

Copyright is a protection provided to people in the country of Indonesia as a form of appreciation for works that are made or produced in the form of visual, audiovisual, and other things and examples of these intellectual property rights such as songs, films, works of art in the form of paintings and many other things. The function of copyright itself is to protect these works from individuals who want to plagiarize or imitate these copyrighted works so that other people are encouraged to generate ideas and works for the Indonesian nation. And this is protected by Indonesian Copyright Law and as we know Copyright has various types and one of them is the cinematography which is regulated in Article 40 Letter m Copyright Law, an example of cinematography. these are like commercials, cartoons, and documentaries. The exclusive rights owned by the creator in Article 9 Copyright Law and the regulation of sanctions related to the perpetrator who records and distributes the recording or copyright infringement that he has committed are regulated in Electronic Information and Transaction Law and this research compare the Copyright of Indonesian law with the Bern Convention where in this convention there is the Droit Moral or the right of the creator to claim his creation and raise objections against acts that intend to change and reduce. The development of technology and the internet makes it easier for many things to become practical but there are increasing problems that arise in the field of Copyright in the field of cinematography such as imitation. Piracy or imitation is an act committed by irresponsible persons who want to profit from the work of another person without their permission or knowledge

Joint aspect terms extraction and aspect categories detection via multi-task learning

Aspect Terms Extraction (ATE) and Aspect Categories Detection (ACD) are two fundamental sub-tasks for aspect-based sentiment analysis. Most of the existing works mainly focus on the ATE task or the co-extraction of aspect terms and opinion words, while few attention are paid to the ACD task. In this work, we propose a joint model to seamlessly integrate the ATE and ACD tasks into a multi-task learning framework. Each of the tasks is based on multi-layer Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for computing high-level word representations, and produces a task-specific and a task-share vector. The task-share vector of one task is used to propagate information to the other, and guides the counterpart task to align the informative textual features to produce the task-specific vectors. Finally, a fully-connected layer with a softmax/sigmoid function is applied to the task-specific vectors for the specific information extraction. The rationale underlying the proposed joint model is that, aspect terms and aspect categories are semantically related, and the information propagated between the two tasks can help to capture the semantic alignments between the aspect terms and categories, and produce informative task-specific vectors. Moreover, the ATE task models local semantics at each position of a sentence, while the ACD task extracts global features of the whole sentence. The mutual interactions between local and global features, therefore, can reciprocally capture informative textual features for the information extraction tasks. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed model on two widely used datasets, and show its advantage over the state-of-the-art baselines. We also investigate the effectiveness of the multi-task framework by comparing the proposed model with its variants. Further, we study the robustness of the proposed model by presenting the model performance with respect to different hyperparameters. Finally, we provide visualization examples to gain a better understanding of the advantages the multi-task learning scheme.

Simulation of the spacecraft supersonic jets in vacuum on small-sized laboratory installations

The paper presents the experience of modeling supersonic jets of rarefied gases expanding into a vacuum or highly rarefied medium of any given gas composition, as well as interacting flows from nozzle blocks on experimental installations developed at Novosibirsk State University. Examples of visualization of complex sparse flows, results of measurements by electron-beam spectroscopy and molecular-beam mass spectrometry of the density and flows composition under different flow conditions are given. The obtained experimental data validation problems and natural conditions modeling possibilities on small-sized laboratory installations, model and real flows conditions and parameters of similarity are discussed.

Computer-aided Linear Algebra Course on Jupyter-Python Notebook for Engineering Undergraduates

As an important basic course, linear algebra plays critical role for engineering undergraduates. However, traditional purely theoretical explanation makes students difficult to deeply understand the essence of linear algebra. In this paper, we introduce a new form of computer-aided linear algebra course with the application of a set of Python computer programs implemented on the Jupyter notebooks platform, and also aim to improve the development of innovative teaching methodologies for this course. In addition, in order to help students understand the intrinsic physical meanings of some concepts, we design some visual examples which demonstrate the practical applications of linear algebra. A serious of user-friendly Jupyter notebooks workflows developed in this work allow teachers–students to intuitively teach and learn theoretical concepts, description of practical problems, programming code, and simulation results with a visual output. The designed environment can help teachers/students to implement their simulations in Python language.

A Design Space of Vision Science Methods for Visualization Research.

A growing number of efforts aim to understand what people see when using a visualization. These efforts provide scientific grounding to complement design intuitions, leading to more effective visualization practice. However, published visualization research currently reflects a limited set of available methods for understanding how people process visualized data. Alternative methods from vision science offer a rich suite of tools for understanding visualizations, but no curated collection of these methods exists in either perception or visualization research. We introduce a design space of experimental methods for empirically investigating the perceptual processes involved with viewing data visualizations to ultimately inform visualization design guidelines. This paper provides a shared lexicon for facilitating experimental visualization research. We discuss popular experimental paradigms, adjustment types, response types, and dependent measures used in vision science research, rooting each in visualization examples. We then discuss the advantages and limitations of each technique. Researchers can use this design space to create innovative studies and progress scientific understanding of design choices and evaluations in visualization. We highlight a history of collaborative success between visualization and vision science research and advocate for a deeper relationship between the two fields that can elaborate on and extend the methodological design space for understanding visualization and vision.

VisConnect: Distributed Event Synchronization for Collaborative Visualization.

Tools and interfaces are increasingly expected to be synchronous and distributed to accommodate remote collaboration. Yet, adoption of these techniques for data visualization is low partly because development is difficult: existing collaboration software systems either do not support simultaneous interaction or require expensive redevelopment of existing visualizations. We contribute VisConnect: a web-based synchronous distributed collaborative visualization system that supports most web-based SVG data visualizations, balances system safety with responsiveness, and supports simultaneous interaction from many collaborators. VisConnect works with existing visualization implementations with little-to-no code changes by synchronizing low-level JavaScript events across clients such that visualization updates proceed transparently across clients. This is accomplished via a peer-to-peer system that establishes consensus among clients on the per-element sequence of events, and uses a lock service to grant access over elements to clients. We contribute collaborative extensions of traditional visualization interaction techniques, such as drag, brush, and lasso, and discuss different strategies for collaborative visualization interactions. To demonstrate the utility of VisConnect, we present novel examples of collaborative visualizations in the healthcare domain, remote collaboration with annotation, and show in an education case study for e-learning with 22 participants that students found the ability to remotely collaborate on class activities helpful and enjoyable for understanding concepts. A free copy of this paper and source code are available on OSF at osf.io/ut7e6 and at visconnect.us.

Reconstructing Slave Stock

This article examines a neglected example of slavery visualisation by Guyanese artist Stanley Greaves (1934–present). The work is called Slave Stock and is a unique example of abstract constructive sculpture made in 1965 while Greaves was studying at Newcastle University in the UK, where his tutors included Pop artist Richard Hamilton. After winning prizes in Newcastle and Guyana after Greaves’s return in 1968, Slave Stock entered the latter’s National Collection but was mysteriously destroyed sometime in the nineteen seventies. In 2018, over fifty years since its original conception, Greaves reconstructed this major lost work. Drawing on correspondence with the artist, this written reconstruction of Slave Stock locates its production and reception in relation to Greaves’s trajectory, encompassing his early artistic development in the context of British colonial education and Guyana’s ongoing independence struggle, as well as his engagement with transnational modernisms and wider histories of slavery visualisation and memorialisation.

Art-Integration in Computational Thinking as an Unplugged Pedagogical Approach at A Rural Sarawak Primary School

Purpose – Promoting Computational Thinking (CT) in education has become an interest among scholars to develop CT skills to promote critical thinking and problem-solving skills among young people. However, it remains a challenge for Malaysian educators to teach CT at school, especially in rural primary schools. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of visual art in learning the problem-solving process and as an unplugged approach to involve learners in computational thinking. Methodology – This study employed qualitative exploratory method to understand the use of visual art as a pedagogical tool for young learners to manifest CT. Twenty-two Primary 4 and Primary 5 students, aged 10 to 11 years old, were chosen as the participants of the study. The participants are from an indigenous community of Sarawak Penan, who used to be nomadic. We used on-site observation to collect qualitative data. The content analysis method was also used to examine classroom activities and participants’ task outcomes. Findings – Through the art-making experience and unplugged approach, the participants were able to Illustrate their ability to grasp essential concepts of computational thinking – abstraction, decomposition, and algorithms. The CT activities conducted were simple, manageable, and easy to understand. The findings have shown that implementing the art-integration approach in computational thinking suited the needs of the young novice rural learners. The approach was found to be accessible for the local teachers, as it eases the burden of copious preparation and implementation. The approach enabled the teachers to overcome common comprehension problems when relating new foreign concepts to young learners staying in remote rural regions. During the drawing activity, researchers have observed that male students performed better in drawing and abstraction skills, while female students performed better in recognising patterns and colours. Significance – The findings will help remote rural teachers to reflect on attempts to teach and improve CT instruction using non-computerised materials and incorporate art into other subjects. Our work contributes to the pedagogical strategies that link foreign concepts to indigenous ways of knowing, through the introduction of an unplugged approach and art-integration into the presentation of new learning content. Our work has illustrated how important it is for remote rural teachers to find the right balance between explanation and demonstration of visual worked examples.

WIZUALIZACJA JAKO NARZĘDZIE WSPOMAGAJĄCE ANALIZĘ DANYCH W PROCESIE DYDAKTYCZNYM

Prezentacja informacji w postaci graficznej jest jedną z podstawowych form wizualizacji danych. Taka forma przedstawienia informacji jest dużym wsparciem zarówno podczas wstępnej, jak i dalszej analizy. Jednakże niewłaściwa forma graficzna może prowadzić do mistyfikacji, a w konsekwencji do błędnych wniosków. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano wybrane przykłady graficznej prezentacji danych zaczerpnięte z praktyki dydaktycznej autorek. Ponadto omówiono przypadki poprawnej oraz błędnej prezentacji danych.

An Analysis on Music Maps with Their Symbolic and Graphic Representations

The idea of making music meaningful, which is an abstract concept, leads to a need for developing various visual materials in line with today’s contemporary music education approaches. One of the visual materials that can be used in line with this need is the maps that involve use of symbolic and graphical elements (lines, pictures, shapes, etc.). These materials, which can be used efficiently to perceive, analyze, and interpret music as a whole, making musical structures and concepts meaningful, can be named as music maps in a general expression. In this research, 12 music map examples in literature were investigated through content analysis method, which were created in line with different purposes and methods and which are different from each other in terms of their styles. It was tried to reveal the purposes, methods, and application fields of music maps according to the findings achieved through the visual contents that were found in the 12 music maps in total, investigated under the themes of “Structural Content” and “Musical Content”. Results of the research showed that music maps are creative and original materials that would contribute to those who implement them, for various purposes in their practices at different levels of the general, amateur, and professional music education processes. Accordingly, it is thought that the visual music map examples and the analyses on these maps in this study will be a guide for trainers, students, and performers who want to use music mapping methods, as well as for parents.

Выбросы загрязняющих веществ в атмосферу от стационарных источников: анализ возможностей визуализации с помощью интерактивной инфографики

The article presents an analysis of the possibilities of visualizing data on emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from stationary sources using interactive infographics. We used data posted on the official website of Rosprirodnadzor on various characteristics of emissions from the level of municipalities to Russia as a whole. Examples of visualization of similar data are presented in the reports of the Ministry of Natural Resources, the National Atlas of Russia and the Environmental Atlas of Russia. We have reviewed software products for creating interactive infographics, including geo-infographics. Among them, we chose the online service Datawrapper, where a template for a map of Russia in its modern borders is available to users. Methodological recommendations for displaying emission data using interactive infographics for different levels of information generalization are presented. Examples of interactive infographics have also been created: a map of polluting emissions by municipalities and bar charts of the dynamics of some specific pollutants emissions. The article contains links to online versions of the resulting interactive graphics. It is concluded that interactive infographics are a technological, convenient and accessible tool for a wide range of users to visualize data on emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Visualization of this type of data is necessary for the field of environmental monitoring and management, in the field of environmental education and enlightenment activities. The integration of geoinformation technologies and technologies for creating interactive infographics is a promising direction for further research.

Radiation Modalities Used in Lung Cancer: An Overview for Thoracic Surgeons

Radiation is a constantly evolving technology which plays a role in the management of lung cancer in a variety of settings: as an adjunct to surgery, definitively, and palliatively. Key aspects of radiation oncology-including acute and chronic toxicities of thoracic radiation and rationale for choosing one modality of radiation over another-may be obscure to those outside the field. We aim to provide a useful overview relevant for the thoracic surgeon of radiation technology and delivery. A review was performed of salient articles identifying radiation technologies used in lung cancer which were summarized and expounded upon with focus on integrating their history, evolution, and landmark trials establishing basis of their use. This article reviews the four fundamental means of external beam radiation employed in managing lung cancer and provides visual examples of comparison plans. We also touch on potential practice-changing developments in regards to proton therapy and radiation in the era of immunotherapy. Radiation oncology has evolved considerably over time to become a critical part of lung cancer management, particularly in early-stage inoperable disease and locally advanced disease. Maximizing tumor control while minimizing toxicity drives treatment strategies. Knowledge of these fundamentals will help the thoracic surgeon answer many questions patients pose regarding radiation.

Dual Encoding for Video Retrieval by Text.

This paper attacks the challenging problem of video retrieval by text. In such a retrieval paradigm, an end user searches for unlabeled videos by ad-hoc queries described exclusively in the form of a natural-language sentence, with no visual example provided. Given videos as sequences of frames and queries as sequences of words, an effective sequence-to-sequence cross-modal matching is crucial. To that end, the two modalities need to be first encoded into real-valued vectors and then projected into a common space. In this paper we achieve this by proposing a dual deep encoding network that encodes videos and queries into powerful dense representations of their own. Our novelty is two-fold. First, different from prior art that resorts to a specific single-level encoder, the proposed network performs multi-level encoding that represents the rich content of both modalities in a coarse-to-fine fashion. Second, different from a conventional common space learning algorithm which is either concept based or latent space based, we introduce hybrid space learning which combines the high performance of the latent space and the good interpretability of the concept space. Dual encoding is conceptually simple, practically effective and end-to-end trained with hybrid space learning. Extensive experiments on four challenging video datasets show the viability of the new method. Code and data are available at https://github.com/danieljf24/hybrid_space.

İNŞAAT PROJELERİNDE PROJE YÖNETİM TEKNİKLERİNİN KULLANILMASI: AKSARAY MAHMUDİYE ORTAOKULU ÖRNEĞİ

In this study, the management of project organizations, the concepts of project management, the importance and application of planning and cost management in construction projects are discussed. Different planning techniques are mentioned in different situations and visual examples related to them are shared. It has been emphasized that project management is not adequately implemented in many construction companies and that awareness on this issue is increased. Literature reviews on the subject were made and definitions obtained from different sources were presented. The history of project management, the successful results in the areas where it is used professionally and the cases where it is not applied in construction projects are mentioned as a result of theoretical explanations. As a result of the study, there are suggestions for the correct and accurate use of cost management and programming, where project management should be considered as a whole in construction projects.

Acid Gas Injection into Petroleum Reservoirs: A Review

Matrix acidizing using acid gases is an under developed phenomenon in the oil and gas industry. For most petroleum engineers the most common acid gases are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and dihydrogen sulfide (H 2 S). CO 2 is mostly injected into oil reservoirs to achieve full/partial miscibility with the crude oil. In the process, CO 2 reacts with formation water to form carbonic acid (a weak acid). Many research papers discuss how carbonic acid reacts with carbonate minerals and causes dissolution. Another popular acid gas in the oil industry is H 2 S. H 2 S is produced as an associated/dissolved gas in crude oil. H 2 S has the ability to react with formation water to form hydrosulfuric acid (a weak acid). This research paper introduces other acid gases that react with formation water and generate strong acids. These gases are: Sulfur Trioxide (SO 3 ), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ), Hydrogen Chloride (HCl), Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) and Hydrogen Iodide (HI). It is understood that most reservoirs are water wet or intermediate wet. Acid gas injection would change the pH of the water film around the oil globule in the pore. pH of the water in most reservoirs typically ranges between 5.5 and 8.5. Lowering the pH of the water that coats the pore, will initiate the acid treatment and reduce the presence of carbonates within the rock. This would result in an increase in porosity and permeability within the reservoir. Some visual examples of stimulating the reservoirs using acid gases are also discussed in this research paper. Acid gas injection would be considered a solution to many issues in our reservoirs. It would allow for recovery from vuggy pores (also known as isolated pores) in carbonate formations. It would also enhance unconventional reservoirs such as shale oil reservoirs (knowing that some of those shale oil reservoirs have higher carbonate content). Furthermore, in our conventional reservoirs we produce from the larger pores leaving behind a lot of oil in tight pores, acid gas injection would open up some of those tight pores. Acid gas is matrix acidizing tool, that petroleum engineers need to enhance the reservoir rock properties.

Orbitals in General Chemistry, Part II: Mathematical Realities

In Part II of a three-part series, we discuss two factors absent from textbooks of general chemistry that are important in a discussion of teaching orbitals. First, atomic orbitals are shown systematically to comprise algebraic formulae in coordinates of not one but four sets (spherical polar, paraboloidal, ellipsoidal, spheroconical coordinates). Each formula has its corresponding shape as a surface of constant amplitude; some visual examples are provided. Second, the argument that molecular structure is incompatible with quantum mechanics is presented. Despite the utility of orbitals as mathematical functions in various calculations, they are intrinsically complicated for the traditional purpose of qualitative explanation of molecular structure.

横浜国立大学空気力学研究室における可視化事例：衝撃波と渦

横浜国立大学空気力学研究室における可視化事例：衝撃波と渦