Visual Equipment Research Articles

Fluctuations in Human Bioenergy during the Day as Observed from the Evoked Photon

Background: Measurement of the evoked photon is newly introduced method for measuring life activities those amplify weak light emitted from organisms. We examined the relationship of bioenergy fluctuation state in vivo with conventional physical parameters during twelve hours of daytime arousal using evoked photon measurements. Evaluation of metabolic level, one of the bioenergy state, has demonstrated its effectiveness by evoked photon. Methods: The evoked photon, a weak light emitted from organisms, is a new parameter for measuring life activities, which was recorded using gas discharge visualization (GDV) equipment, and the area and intensity of the energy field index from the GDV image glow were correlated to biorhythmic fluctuations, as corroborated by biochemical measurements of secretory-immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels. Result: The area and intensity of the energy field index at the time of awakening were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the values obtained after being awake for 12 h. Conclusions: Thus, the evoked photon reflects the bioenergy of the entire body and can be used as a general indicator of physical health.

Advances in coupling thermodynamics and kinetics studies of wax precipitation-deposition and hydrate nucleation-formation

During the development of deep-sea petroleum industry, wax and hydrate are prone to form at the same time in the transportation system from reservoir to downstream equipment under high pressure and low temperature condition for the petroleum reservoir with high wax content, high pour point and high viscosity, which will increase the risk of plug or blockage and enhance the safety hazards of the system. Therefore, it is significant to investigate the characteristics of the coexistence system with wax and hydrate, which is also one of the important issues in flow assurance problems. The studies on wax and hydrate separately as well as the coupling studies in the coexistence system from aspects of thermodynamic and kinetics were reviewed and commented, combined with some initial experiments of this coexistence system carried out in high-pressure reactor and flow loop. Several thermodynamic models, like Wilson model and UNIQUAC model, are established or modified to describe wax solid phase more accurately. The classical thermodynamic models for hydrate formation prediction include vdW-P model, which is the most extensively used one, and Chen-Guo model, which is more simple and convenient to use based on a two-step mechanism. Based on the above models, the coupling study of wax and hydrate in thermodynamic aspect thus needs a roubust flash algorithm to characterize complex systems where several phases, i.e. vapor, water, hydrate, wax, liquid hydrocarbon may coexist. Mutual effects of wax and hydrate are explored by using the integrated thermodynamic model and algorithm. A lot of researches have been done on kinetics of wax deposition and hydrate formation separately. Single-phase pipe flow and multiphase pipe flow experiments have been carried out to explore the effects of such factors as molecular diffusion, shear dispersion, adhesion, flow pattern on wax deposition. The non-stoichiometry hydrate formation includes nucleation and growth. Based on experimental studies, physical modeling and mathematical modeling have been done to describe the kinetics of hydrate formation. At present, only a few studies of coupling kinetics of wax deposition and hydrate formation are reported, which are in an early stage of exploration and research. There is no systematic research achievement and no definite conclusion about the dynamic interaction between wax and hydrate. Some advanced experimental means, such as FBRM, PVM, MMF, can provide information in micro level. The main issues to be researched in the future were proposed, which should be based on the independent researches of thermodynamics and kinetics of wax and hydrate. For the study on coupling thermodynamics, a robust and valid coupling thermodynamic model should be established to understand the interaction mechanism of phase behaviors between wax and hydrate, by using the improved model for describing the non-ideality of the liquid and solid phases and focusing on the component changing in each phase. For the study on coupling kinetics, the microscopic distribution mechanism of the solid particles and emulsion phase in the coexistence system should be investigated, and the diffusion mechanism of wax, the adsorption and growth characteristics of hydrate interface should be explored, with the help of visual testing and equipment, from the two aspects of the influence of wax on hydrates formation and hydrate on wax precipitation and deposition, to obtain the interaction mechanism of kinetics behaviors between wax and hydrate.

Clinical applications of a visual field perimeter with binocular video imaging

PurposeThe majority of visual field testing equipment is designed for monocular tests only: most instruments do not have the capability to visualize both eyes simultaneously and many do not have a head rest position suitable for binocular testing. This presentation will focus on the clinical applications of the binocular visual field tests available on the MonCvONE perimeter.MethodsBinocular testing is very important for functional evaluations. Extrapolation from monocular tests is inaccurate as phenomenons such as integration, suppression, ocular deviation, cyclotorsion, … affect differently monocular and binocular vision. The MonCvONE perimeter combines a binocular video sensor with the possibility of video recording to the possibility of controlling the exam with an interactive mode similar to the Goldmann perimeter.ResultsClinical examples of binocular perimetry will be presented including ‐ the evaluation of ptosis with a documentation of the gain in visual field area in relationship with the opening of the eye lids. ‐ the assessment of low vision with the Esterman technique ‐ the evaluation of drivers’ visual field in agreement with the European Community directive ‐ the evaluation of the field of single vision with the determination of a diplopia score‐ the test of the visual field in young infants when eye occlusion and head immobility are not easily obtainedConclusionsThese examples demonstrate the clinical usefulness of binocular visual field testing with video recording

Hardware implementation of hexagonal sampling based bio-inspired retinal encoder

This paper addresses hardware implementation of a power efficient retinal encoder system used in visual prosthesis equipment for blind people. The hardware architecture is inspired from the retinal receptive fields in mammalian vision system. The captured image is passed through several filter banks in different filtering stages in primate vision system. As the photoreceptors in the primate vision system are arranged in hexagonal fashion, the hexagonal tessellation scheme was found to be the most suitable sampling scheme for retinal image processing. In this work, the hardware implementation of different retinal filtering stages and final edge detection scheme is performed in Altera Cyclone II FPGA and in Synopsys Design Vision. An area efficient Cellular Logic Array Processing (CLAP) algorithm is used as the final stage edge detector. Both rectangular and hexagonal edge detection schemes were tested and their performance was analysed using Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and ROC performance scheme.

Hardware implementation of hexagonal sampling based bio-inspired retinal encoder

This paper addresses hardware implementation of a power efficient retinal encoder system used in visual prosthesis equipment for blind people. The hardware architecture is inspired from the retinal receptive fields in mammalian vision system. The captured image is passed through several filter banks in different filtering stages in primate vision system. As the photoreceptors in the primate vision system are arranged in hexagonal fashion, the hexagonal tessellation scheme was found to be the most suitable sampling scheme for retinal image processing. In this work, the hardware implementation of different retinal filtering stages and final edge detection scheme is performed in Altera Cyclone II FPGA and in Synopsys Design Vision. An area efficient Cellular Logic Array Processing (CLAP) algorithm is used as the final stage edge detector. Both rectangular and hexagonal edge detection schemes were tested and their performance was analysed using Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and ROC performance scheme.

Nuisances sonores en réanimation néonatale : impact d’un outil de monitorage

The sound level in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may induce adverse effects for neonates, their family, and the staff. This study evaluated the sound level in a NICU before and after the implementation of an educational program. A baseline audit determined the most exposed area of the NICU and the most exposed periods over 24h. Then an educational program started, including sound level measurement methods, side effects for neonates, results from the baseline audit, and new visual monitoring equipment (SoundEar®). Sound levels were measured before, 1, 2, and 3 months after starting the educational program and the use of SoundEar®. The NICU staff was blind to the periods of sound level measurements. The base noise level was high, especially near the central part of the NICU and during transmission time (mean Leq: 60.6±3.6dB(A); sound peaks: 94.8±6.8dB(A)). A decrease in the sound level (P<0.001) was found 1 and 2, but not 3 months after starting the educational program. It remained high compared to the guidelines. Human activity was responsible for most of the sound level. An educational program was effective in reducing the sound level, but did not reach the guideline's target. The continuous use of sound-monitoring equipment after starting the project reduced the sound level for 2 months, but no longer. Therefore, a continuous educational program about the sound level in the NICU including feedback monitoring every 2-3 months should be encouraged.

Student Views Related to the Science Fest Actualized in High School History Lessons (The Case of Turkey)

Rapid changes and developments in education have also changed the content and the scope of the activities carried out in schools. Learning and teaching through experiencing and practicing process carried out after the transition to the constructivist approach in recent years has started and expedited the performance of new activities in several institutions and organizations including both Ministry of National Education and TUBITAK, as the leading, in Turkey. Holding science fests during the educational process has led the observation of the developments in students’ cognitive academic competence and psycho-motor levels and encouragement of students’ participation into the activities especially with TUBITAK’s starting to support. This research especially aimed to determine the situations of the students on project-based thinking skills related to science fests and science fest process supported by TUBITAK within the scope of the history lesson in recent years. The answer was sought to the question of “Do the science fests held in high school history lessons affect project-based thinking of the students?” The research was a descriptive study revealing the contribution of science fests activities performed in history lessons upon the project-based learning of high school students. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained in the research. This study was limited with 66 participants from the 10 th and 11 th grade of three different high schools in central districts of Mersin province in 2014-2015 academic year. According to the data obtained at the end of the study, science fests were noticed to provide a clear contribution. In project-based studies, the students were determined to express themselves more easily and get rid of memorizing. Furthermore, it was also noted that visual materials, tools and equipment and three-dimensional materials were expected to be exhibited in science fests. In this study, it was determined that the projects students carried out within the scope of science fests held in the high school history lessons had effect upon the learning awareness of the students.

Effectiveness of a Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display System-based Developmental Eye Movement Test

By transplanting the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test chart to a virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD) system, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the DEM test for measuring dynamic visual acuity.Thirty-nine adults aged 20–39 years of both genders were the subjects of the study. After undergoing measurement of their visual function, through medical questionnaire, interpupillary distance, near point of convergence (NPC), near point of accommodation (NPA), and far and near phoria, the correlation between the tests was analyzed performing DEM vertical, horizontal test and VR HMD DEM (VHD) vertical, horizontal test.NPC and NPA decreased significantly after the VHD test, while phoria did not. The horizontal was quicker than the vertical in the DEM test, and vice versa in the VHD test. DEM was quicker than VHD in both the vertical and horizontal directions. There was no notable difference in error frequency between DEM and VHD. In terms of DEM and VHD test, there was no notable difference in the short-range IPD and subjective symptoms of the top 10 and bottom 10 subjects. There was also no notable difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups and the game and non-game groups.The performance time for VHD, in which the chart must be read while moving the body, was longer than that of DEM. Therefore, based on the consistency of the results of both tests and the lack of a difference in error frequency and subjective symptoms, the VHD equipment proposed in this thesis is as effective as dynamic visual acuity measurement equipment. In addition, the lack of a difference between the exercise and non-exercise groups and the game and non-game groups demonstrated that the amount of exercise and game by an ordinary person does not influence their dynamic visual function.

Velocity field characteristics of the turbulent jet induced by direct contact condensation of steam jet in crossflow of water in a vertical pipe

Direct contact condensation of jets in fluid has been widely applied in many industrial applications owing to the low requirement of driving potential and high efficiency of heat and mass transfer. Here, experiments are carried out to investigate the velocity field characteristics of the turbulent jet induced by direct contact condensation of steam jet in crossflow of water in a vertical pipe. Visual equipment is specially invented to investigate the velocity field characteristics by using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement technique. The high intensity laser light reflected by the pure steam region just outside the nozzle-exit brings out severe damage to the CCD camera. To solve this technical problem, a black plate is adopted to shield the pure steam region. According to the contours of the velocity fields and streamlines, the influences of jet momentum ratio, jet Reynolds number and water temperature on the jet flow field are explored. The jet centerline trajectory equations in exponential form are established based on the local maximum mean velocity. By introducing the jet Reynolds number and jet momentum ratio, the correlation for prediction of jet centerline trajectory equations is proposed, and the predicted results are within 30% of the experimental data. The reciprocal of the local maximum mean velocity and the half-width of the jet are proportional to the downstream coordinate along the jet velocity centerline trajectory. The scaled velocity field complies with the self-similarity principle.

Physical simulation of the interlayer effect on SAGD production in mackay river oil sands

According to the characteristics of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), critical similarity numbers are chosen. Besides, the dimensionless Subcool is proposed for boundary similarity, which provides a control criterion for physical simulations. Based on the reservoir parameters in Mackay River oil sands, two sets of visual experimental equipment for quasi three-dimensional SAGD physical simulation are developed. With the help of the quasi-three-dimensional SAGD physical simulation facilities, the researches of steam chamber flow mechanism and steam conformance along the horizontal section are conducted. Three production periods were identified and the production performance of each production period was characterized. Comparisons among the homogeneous model and heterogeneous models indicate that the existence and distribution pattern of interlayers make some effects on the SAGD production. The temperature distributions along the horizontal section were described during the SAGD process. Meanwhile, the effect of steam injection rate on the SAGD production performance was analyzed in detail.

Design of Bionic Prototype for Autonomous Mobile Robot Visual System Cleaning Apparatus

With the increasing projects on surveillance and monitoring purposes over the years, the requirement of visual equipment especially in autonomous mobile robot (AMR) has improved. By implementing Computerized Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method, Coanda-effect was introduced to get better flow characteristic (radial and tangential pressure - velocity profiles) on surface particle cleaning in AMR application. To establish this condition, a novel design of particle removal based on human lacrimal system was reconstructed and gradually examined to obtain optimized particle cleaning which carried out in FLUENT and iSIGHT. Throughout the history of mankind, nature has become a source of inspiration towards technical and engineering design. A biomimetic approach was utilized as main concept in providing design process with incorporating both form aspects and functional principles. As design process progressed, the bionic innovation can serve as a prominent role in the development of engineering design. Simultaneous practice - recognition - practice is repeated, in order to make things more consistent with the simulated production needs. Under these circumstances, the growth and structure of surface disturbances by a coaxial airflow in accordance with pressure distribution and shear stresses were numerically investigated. Furthermore, an optimization method for achieving optimal particle cleaning was formulated based on independent variables with the objectives to maximize pressure flow and drag force coefficient while minimizing the dynamic turbulence flow. The influence of pressure distribution, nozzles angle of attack and particle matters have also been explored. Result shows that this design structure qualitatively represents characteristic of the optimum surface cleaning performance in terms of particle drag force and energy efficiency.

Live outflow imaging in porcine eyes

Purpose: Although outflow of aqueous humor can be estimated using fluorophotometry and tonography, no method exists to assess segmental outflow directly. This has hindered investigations into outflow resistance elements that are downstream of the trabecular meshwork and into causes of failure of canal-based minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries (MIGS). Here, we describe a method to observe and quantify conventional outflow directly in ex vivo whole eyes and an organotypic culture model using standard fluorescence visualization equipment. Results: Aqueous outflow paths could be distinguished from venous and arterial vessels. Intricate vascular tree filling patterns were observed down to estimated 50 micrometer diameter. Whole eyes demonstrated significantly earlier filling of the nasal (SN, IN) than of the temporal quadrants (ST, IT). The fastest, superonasal quadrant filled 1.6 times faster than the slowest, superotemporal quadrant (p≤0.05). The inferotemporal quadrant also filled faster than the superotemporal quadrant. In contrast, perfused anterior segment cultures had lost these characteristic filling time differences (p>0.05). One eye showed no outflow after 20 minutes of pressurization. After three days of culture, the same quadrant that was the fastest in whole eyes (SN), was 2.2 times as fast as the slowest (ST) but this did not reach statistical significance with the number of eyes tested. The eye without flow at 20 minutes did not recuperate during 3 days of culture. Reverse filling was occasionally seen in d3 anterior segments (bottom row, red arrowhead). Whole eyes could not be reliably cultured for 3 days. Discussion: Canalograms using a green fluorescent chromophore can be obtained with standard visualization equipment to estimate the local outflow function. Regionally different outflow patterns and filling times can be observed that match channel size equivalents in human eyes. Outflow is impaired in fresh anterior segment cultures but then normalizes to the pattern seen in whole eyes. The nasally increased flow may have implications for placement and study of MIGS.

Avaliação de métodos para determinação de cloro residual livre em águas de abastecimento público

&lt;p&gt;A etapa de desinfecção no tratamento de água é de grande importância na garantia de água potável com qualidade sanitária. A cloração é o método mais utilizado nesse processo, em que propicia a inativação e/ou destruição dos microrganismos patogênicos. Para medição do seu teor residual na água distribuída à população, o método DPD colorimétrico é o mais utilizado. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa objetivou avaliar o método utilizando dois aparelhos, visual e digital com DPD em duas formas, pó e pastilha. Análises dos parâmetros pH, turbidez, fluoreto e condutividade elétrica, coliformes totais e E. coli também foram realizadas com a finalidade de verificar uma correlação. Nessa pesquisa foram coletadas 40 amostras em residências distribuídas em 6 bairros de 3 diferentes regiões do município de Goiânia- GO. Verificou-se que os valores encontrados para o DPD em pó foram superiores a forma de pastilha e que os resultados do equipamento digital foram inferiores ao disco comparador. Foi encontrada influência da turbidez sobre os resultados de cloro residual livre bem como uma relação inversa entre o flúor e condutividade elétrica.&lt;/p&gt;

Use of telemedicine to expand access to survivorship care.

26 Background: PeaceHealth St Joseph Cancer Center (PHSJCC) provides medical and radiation oncology services in northwest Washington. PeaceIsland Medical Center (PIMC) is an affiliated medical center that provides medical oncology services in the nearby San Juan islands. Survivorship appointments for Survivorship Care Plan (SCP) delivery are available at PHSJCC but have not been available at PIMC. Telemedicine services were previously established for medical oncology appointments for patients at PIMC with a provider at PHSJCC. Methods: Since January of 2015, patients who are eligible for survivorship services are identified by their medical oncologist or nurse upon completion of chemotherapy at PIMC. They are scheduled for a 1 hour survivorship telemedicine appointment with the survivorship physician assistant (PA). The patients attend the appointment at PIMC with a nurse present there to assist with logistics and deliver survivorship appointment materials. The PA is at PHSJCC and conducts the appointment through visual and audio telemedicine equipment. During the telemedicine appointment the SCP is reviewed and delivered, educational materials are provided and discussed, and referrals are initiated as needed based on a standardized patient distress screening questionnaire. Patients who complete radiation therapy at PHSJCC but live in the San Juan islands are now also being identified and scheduled for survivorship telemedicine appointments at PIMC. Results: Patients who live in a small island community where survivorship services were not available are now able to receive a survivorship appointment with SCP delivery through telemedicine. Between January and July of 2015, 6 patients were identified for survivorship appointment eligibility upon completion of chemotherapy at PIMC. 3 of these patients have completed a survivorship telemedicine appointment, 2 are currently scheduled, and 1 declined to schedule. Although qualitative surveys have not yet been conducted, the patients who completed survivorship telemedicine appointments offered generally positive feedback about the experience. Conclusions: Telemedicine is an effective way to deliver SCPs in geographic areas where patients do not otherwise have access to survivorship care.

The Dosimetric Parameters Investigation of the Pulsed X-ray and Gamma Radiation Sources

The most common type of radiation used for diagnostic purposes are X-rays. However, X-rays methods have limitations related to the radiation dose for the biological objects. It is known that the use of the pulsed emitting source synchronized with the detection equipment for internal density visualization of objects significant reduces the radiation dose to the object. In the article the analysis of the suitability of the different dosimetric equipment for the radiation dose estimation of the pulsed emitting sources is carried out. The approbation results on the pulsed X-ray generator RAP-160-5 of the dosimetry systems workability with the pulse radiation and its operation range are presented. The results of the dose field investigation of the portable betatron OB-4 are demonstrated. The depth dose distribution in the air, lead and water of the pulsed bremsstrahlung generated by betatron are shown.

M414 垂直軸型風車まわりの流れの可視化装置の開発(GS5 流体工学(6),修士研究発表セッション)

M414 垂直軸型風車まわりの流れの可視化装置の開発(GS5 流体工学(6),修士研究発表セッション)

보행안전을 위한 교통정온화(Traffic Calming) 계획지표의 중요도 분석 - 물리적인 측면을 중심으로 -

In the study, planning indicator that should be considered in applying traffic calming technique was derived, and it was intended to analyze the importance of indicator that should most considered in planning traffic calming technique through AHP analysis on the basis of it. The result of planning indicator may be summarized by dividing into road section and crossing section. In road section, hump (0.35) for equipment stimulating reduction of speed, hump image/fort (0.31) for visual control equipment, and slalom type road (0.52) for chicane, and bollard (0.47) for blocking passing route are shown to be the most important and come before anything. In crossing section, signal indicator (0.33) for visual control equipment, rumble strip (0.44) for equipment stimulating reduction of speed, zigzag type road (0.65) for chicane, and blocking going straight at crossing (0.45) for blocking passing route are shown to be the most important and come before anything. The result of the study is judged to be used for basic material in applying traffic calming technique and establishing policy hereafter.

A Study on Mural Painting of Grandeur Buddhist Hall in Sinheung Temple

The point of grandeur buddhist hall is to realize the buddhist land in the real world. To decorate the inside and outside of the hall by coloring or drawing is the most typical method. In that way, the extensive mural paintings in Yangsan Sinheung Temple Daegwangjeon(梁山 新興寺 大光殿) rebuilt in 1657 have magnificent beauty. The mural paintings of the east-west wall and the back of the wall behind Buddha are bigger in scale than any other mural painting in temple of Joseon Dynasty. Besides, the painting is recognized importance as an example that was created in the late Joseon Dynasty.BR Moreover, the paintings in the hall are comprised of the three world buddhas which are the painting of Mt.Grdhrakuta Assembly(靈山會上圖) of the north, the painting of Bhaisajyaguru triad(藥師三尊圖) of the east wall, and the painting of Amitabha triad(阿彌陀三尊圖) of the wast wall in the Daegwangjeon has the major significance that the painting has given body to characters of cardinal points of each icon in three dimensions which cannot be expressed in the normal buddhist painting composed of the three world buddhas.BR Especially, the outline drawings(草本) for the triad painting was verified by the form of accompanying paper(別紙化形式) which is painted each different drawing paper in accordance with an analysis about placement of the principal icon and the bodhisattvas on the painting of Bhaisajyaguru triad and Amitabha triad. The mural painting of triad in Sinheung temple is a good example of understanding how to use the outline drawing of Amitabha triad for making the other Bhaisajyaguru triad. BR Furthermore, in the Joseon Dynasty, the reason of producing the huge mural painting of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva(觀音壁畵) in the back of the wall behind Buddha and making the mural painting of Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva with the black background as the case of Sinheung Temple Daegwangjeon counts as it might be organically linked with each other. The back of the wall behind Buddha by the narrowest and shadowly space in the hall is reminiscent of the image of dark or deep cave. And the black background of the mural painting can be understood as the visual equipment for Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva cave or dark cave.

Computer Image Feature Extraction Algorithm for Robot Visual Equipment

Computer Image Feature Extraction Algorithm for Robot Visual Equipment

A Study on the Selection of Strategic Industry in Gyeonggi Province

The aim of this study is to find the strategic industries that fulfill the on-site demands of the Gyeonggi province region related to the advancement and development of the local industries. As the results of the analysis, the 6 major strategic industries in the Gyeonggi province region were determined to be: (1) manufacturing of electronic components, computers, visual, acoustic and communication equipment, (2) medical substances and pharmaceutical product manufacturing industry, (3) medical, precision, optical equipment and watch manufacturing industry, (4) robotic industry, (5) new renewable energy industry and (6) compound and chemical product industry.