Visual Display Terminal Research Articles

Prediction of Computer Vision Syndrome in Health Personnel by Means of Genetic Algorithms and Binary Regression Trees.

One of the major consequences of the digital revolution has been the increase in the use of electronic devices in health services. Despite their remarkable advantages, though, the use of computers and other visual display terminals for a prolonged time may have negative effects on vision, leading to a greater risk of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among their users. In this study, the importance of ocular and visual symptoms related to CVS was evaluated, and the factors associated with CVS were studied, with the help of an algorithm based on regression trees and genetic algorithms. The performance of this proposed model was also tested to check its ability to predict how prone a worker is to suffering from CVS. The findings of the present research confirm a high prevalence of CVS in healthcare workers, and associate CVS with a longer duration of occupation and higher daily computer usage.

Bibliometric analysis of the body posture in relation to visual display terminals (VDTs).

In modern society, there is an increase both in the demand and the duration of computer work. Failure to correct body posture while using the computer has become a serious health hazard. To identify global trends in research related to body posture and visual display terminals (VDTs) using a bibliometric approach. In the search process, the keywords (posture *) AND (computer* OR "visual display terminal") were used in the study title section, in the Wos, Scopus and Medline databases. 149 references published between 1970 and 2016 were analyzed. The studied variables were the years of publication, authorship and collaboration index, publication type, titles of journals, most used languages, impact of the publications, as well as content of the articles. In recent years, the studies on body posture in relation to VDT have been increased both in quantity and quality of publications. The analysis and/or design of the workplace, as well as the elements that make up the computer (keyboard and mouse) are the most researched topics in the area.

Influence of Prolonged Visual Display Terminal Use and Exercise on Physical and Mental Conditions of Internet Staff in Hangzhou, China.

To examine the effects of prolonged visual display terminal (VDT) working hours and exercise frequency on VDT-related symptoms, we recruited 944 Chinese internet staff for the study. A self-administered questionnaire survey was used to obtain the hours of daily VDT work, exercise frequency, and the physical and mental health of the participants. The daily VDT working time of participants was 8.7 hours. Musculoskeletal pain and eye complaints were prevalent, and the participants had poor mental health status. When daily VDT operation time was more than 11 hours, VDT-related symptoms, including backache (odds ratios (OR) = 3.59), wrist pain (OR = 1.88), hip pain (OR = 2.42), dry eyes (OR = 2.22), and ocular soreness (OR = 2.16) were more likely to occur, and an increased risk of serious occupational stress (OR = 6.75) and job burnout (OR = 2.66) was found in internet workers. Compared with those who never exercised, appropriate exercise frequency (three times per week) was helpful to relieve pain in the shoulders (OR = 0.28), neck (OR = 0.45), back (OR = 0.30), lower back (OR = 0.25), and wrists (OR = 0.38), as well as to prevent vision loss (OR = 0.33) and job burnout (OR = 0.42). Therefore, avoiding excessive VDT exposure and performing moderate exercise could protect the physical and mental health of internet staff from the adverse effects of VDT.

Blind working time in visual display terminal users.

ObjectivesBlind working (BW) time (time during which vision is not required), the interblink interval (IBI), and subjective symptoms were investigated in workers using visual display terminals (VDTs).Subjects and MethodsTo investigate BW time, 10 VDT users were instructed to close their eyes when this did not interfere with their work. They were video recorded for 60 minutes using a webcam attached to the display on which they were engaged in regular data input tasks, and BW time was measured. The values of the IBI during the final 20 minutes of the BW experiment and during the final 20 minutes of normal working without BW were compared. A questionnaire was administered to investigate subjective symptoms using a visual analogue scale.ResultsThe total BW time during the final 20‐minute period was 20.6‐121.0 seconds (1.7%‐10.1%). The mean IBI of 5.5 ± 4.5 seconds during the BW experiment was not significantly different from that of 6.2 ± 5.6 seconds during normal working, and the mean of three IBIs immediately after BW during the BW experiment was 2.7 ± 1.0 seconds, significantly shorter than the 6.2 ± 5.6 seconds during normal working. Dry eye, ocular fatigue, and blurred vision during normal working improved when subjects were engaged in BW.ConclusionsVDT users could engage in BW during VDT work, the IBI was shorter immediately after BW, and subjective symptoms improved. These results suggest that BW may provide a more effective measure for the management of VDT working time.

Effect of Blink Rate among Visual Display Terminal and Non-Visual Display Terminal User

The ever-increasing use of visual display terminal (VDT) has led to an increase in eye-related symptoms in adults and children. Dry eye occurs can happen due to an inadequate amount of tears or poor quality of tears due to reduced blink rate. Subjects on digital device users are often found to have symptoms but with little evidence to compare with non-visual display terminal users. Mean blink rate in VDT users were found to be lower than non-VDT users. Risk of blink rate getting affected due to VDT use was found to be higher than non-VDT users. Statistical significant differences were found in blink rate of VDT and non-VDT users of different age group. Prevalence of dry eye was found out to be to 44.44 %. It also shows that male were more symptomatic for dry eye compared to female in both the groups of VDT and non-VDT.

VDT 작업에서 두부전방자세 위험수준에 따른 목의 피로와 Flexion-Relaxation 변수에 관한 연구

Objective: The aim of this study is to quantify the neck fatigue of the office in Visual Display Terminal (VDT) work using the parameters of the flexion-relaxation phenomenon. Background: VDT work comprises a large proportion of the office worker tasks. Although VDT work requires relatively less loads, it can stress the neck and shoulders of the workers who work for a long period time with awkward sitting postures. In spite of that many office workers are suffering from neck and shoulder pains, the current solution for musculoskeletal disorders of office workers is only a management approach. Thus, it is important to precisely quantify the fatigue of VDT workers for reducing the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers and for improving working environment. Method: For this experiment, 23 males were recruited to compare flexion-relaxation parameters such as Flexion-Relaxation Ratio (FRR) and On/Offset angle, and subjective discomfort (Borg CR-10 scale) before and after VDT task during 50 minutes. Participants were divided into two groups (forward head posture (FHP) high risk group and FHP low risk group) based on the pre-FHP test. Results: FRP parameters changed after VDT task. The FRR was significantly decreased and On/Offset angles showed an increasing trend after the task. CVA was slightly lower in FHP high risk group during 50 minute of VDT task. Using this result, it was found that high risk group of FHP was maintained at a lower posture for a long time. In addition, the subjective discomfort also increased after task. Conclusion: Based on these results, VDT work causes fatigue to the worker. And this fatigue can be quantified using FRP parameters. In addition, it was confirmed that FRR can be used as an index to confirm the abnormality of neck. Application: These results can be used to quantify the fatigue caused by VDT work in office workers, and to further validate the improvement of musculoskeletal disorders.

Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 Prevents Blue Light-Induced Inflammation and Degeneration in the Retina.

Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are leading causes of blindness and share a pathological feature, which is photoreceptor degeneration. To date, the lack of a potential treatment to prevent such diseases has raised great concern. Photoreceptor degeneration can be accelerated by excessive light exposure via an inflammatory response; therefore, anti-inflammatory agents would be candidates to prevent the progress of photoreceptor degeneration. We previously reported that a lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 (L. paracasei KW3110), activated macrophages suppressing inflammation in mice and humans. Recently, we also showed that intake of L. paracasei KW3110 could mitigate visual display terminal (VDT) load-induced ocular disorders in humans. However, the biological mechanism of L. paracasei KW3110 to retain visual function remains unclear. In this study, we found that L. paracasei KW3110 activated M2 macrophages inducing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in vitro using bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages. We also show that IL-10 gene expression was significantly increased in the intestinal immune tissues 6 h after oral administration of L. paracasei KW3110 in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intake of L. paracasei KW3110 suppressed inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in a murine model of light-induced retinopathy. These results suggest that L. paracasei KW3110 may have a preventive effect against degrative retinal diseases.

Factors associated with neck disorders among university student smartphone users.

In our digital society, the use of smartphones has increased rapidly. Parallel with the growing use of smartphones, musculoskeletal problems associated with intensive smartphone use have also increased. Neck flexion is the most commonly adopted posture by smartphone users while looking at the visual display terminals of smartphones for extended periods; this posture may lead to neck disorders. The purpose of the current study was to investigate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in smartphone users in Thailand in order to confirm high prevalence of neck pain. The study also aimed to determine all possible factors associated with neck disorders among smartphone users. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted with 779 undergraduate smartphone users. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect self-report measures of smartphone use and musculoskeletal disorders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant characteristics and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors. The most painful body region after the use of smartphones over a 12-month period was found to be the neck (32.50%). Factors associated with neck disorders were a flexed neck posture (Odds Ratio (OR): = 2.44, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.21-4.90) and smoking (OR 8.99, 95% CI 1.88-42.87). The results suggest that to address neck disorders in smartphone users preventive initiatives should focus on reducing flexed neck postures and smoking.

Inflammatory Response in Dry Eye.

Dry eye is a major ocular pathology worldwide. Although dry eye is a multifactorial disease, recent studies have shown that chronic immunologic processes have a pivotal role in its pathogenesis, characterized by the infiltration of immune cells in the lacrimal glands, elevated levels of tear inflammatory cytokines, and increased density of immune cells in the cornea and conjunctiva. This review describes the recent advances in understanding the relationship between dry eye and inflammation. This narrative review is based on searches of recent international literature using terms related to the immune response in dry eye, and includes clinical trials, animal experiments, and expert reviews. Although dry eye presents clinically as tear film instability associated with corneal/conjunctival epithelial disorders, Meibomian gland dysfunction, and decreased visual function, recent laboratory and clinical studies have indicated inflammation in the lacrimal glands, Meibomian glands, conjunctiva, cornea, and aqueous tears. Furthermore, inflammation at these locations leads to conjunctival goblet cell apoptosis, corneal epithelial barrier disruption, and corneal nerve damage. These inflammatory outcomes can be exacerbated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as aging, sex steroid hormone, autoimmune diseases, contact lens use, visual display terminals, and dry environment. Recent advances in dry eye research have revealed the inflammatory process and its pathogenesis, which has been proposed as an "inflammatory vicious cycle" of dry eye. Comprehensive assessment of dry eye based on inflammation will improve the selection of treatments and help break the inflammatory cycle in clinical settings.

Effects of MaquiBright® on improving eye dryness and fatigue in humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

This study aims to investigate the effects of MaquiBright®, also known as BrightSight®, a standardized maqui berry extract, on improving eye dryness and fatigue in Japanese subjects (aged 30–60 years) experiencing eye dryness, eye fatigue, and ≥4 h of visual display terminal (VDT) work daily. Seventy-four participants were equally but randomly assigned to either a MaquiBright® (MB) or a placebo (P) group, wherein each participant consumed one capsule daily for 4 weeks of the appropriate treatment (MaquiBright® 60 or 0 mg). Eye dryness and fatigue were measured using the Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (BUT) test, pupillary response, and flicker test before intake and 4 weeks after intake. Furthermore, subjective symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) method and the Dry Eye–related Quality of Life Score (DEQS) questionnaire. The MB group demonstrated a significantly higher lacrimal fluid production in both eyes (increased 6.4 ± 8.1 mm, P = 0.005) in Schirmer's test compared to the P group before VDT load (playing a video game) at 4 weeks after intake. In the VAS method after VDT load, the reduction of subjective symptoms in eye fatigue (P = 0.047) and stiff shoulders (P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the MB group than in the P group as well as bothersome ocular symptoms (P = 0.037) by the DEQS. No adverse events were reported. Thus, the consumption of 60 mg of MaquiBright® per day for 4 weeks reduced eye dryness and seemed to alleviate eye fatigue.

Fundamental study on fatigue measurement in VDT work from speech analysis

AbstractWe aimed at developing a simple fatigue measurement system, so far the influence of the noise is small under laboratory environment and the experimenter side who uses a simulator. We have been studying fatigue measurement in a manageable environment. In order to show the effectiveness of our proposed method in a real environment, we collected fatigue measurement indexes before and after work for technical engineers of Software Development Company operating visual display terminals (VDT) work, changes before and after were compared and examined. As a result, in the conventional indexes, a significant difference was found in the pulse rate and the flicker value. We found that there are significant differences between before and after some speech of fundamental frequency, speech power, and period of speech indexes. In VDT work, there was a difference in flicker value as a fatigue measurement index, which was also supported by subjective symptoms and self‐evaluation results. In addition, since significant differences were also found in the speech index, in the work centering on the VDT work as well as the bicycle simulator so far, it was shown that speech indexes can be effective indicators.

Association between tear film break up time and blink interval in visual display terminal users.

To investigate the association between tear film break up time (TBUT) and blinking interval in visual display terminal (VDT) users. Nine hundred and thirty VDT users underwent dry eye testing, and functional visual acuity (FVA) test. The blinking interval during FVA was compared with TBUT. Subjects with longer blinking interval than TBUT were considered as unstable tear film. Logistic regression analysis revealed the risk factors for unstable tear group. Among 930 workers, 858 subjects (92.3%) participated in this study. Almost 80% of the subjects were categorized into the unstable tear group. Unstable tear group has significantly lower Schirmer values and TBUT (17.5±11.6 vs 21.1±11.5 mm, 3.7±2.6 vs 5.7±2.7s, both P<0.001). There were no significant differences in epithelial staining or severity of symptoms. Logistic regression showed that over 40y was a risk for being unstable tear group [odds ratio (OR)=1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.20]. Contact lens use was protective factor for being in the unstable tear group (OR=0.37; 95%CI= 0.26-0.53). Subjects with shorter TBUT than blinking interval are prevalent among VDT users. Subjects over the age of 40 shows an increased risk for unstable tear film.

What Have We Learned From the Osaka Study?

To summarize the results of a cross-sectional epidemiologic study of Japanese office workers who use visual display terminals (VDTs). Workers in a pharmaceutical company head office were recruited. Participants were requested to complete a questionnaire on symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) and evaluations using the Work Limitations Questionnaire, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Subjective Happiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Evaluations of ocular status, including conjunctival and corneal vital staining with lissamine green and fluorescein, measurement of tear film breakup time, and the Schirmer test, were performed. The Japanese 2007 diagnostic criteria for DED were implemented. The prevalence of DED among VDT workers was high. Definite DED was present in 11.6% (18.7% women and 8.0% men) of participants, and probable DED was present in 54.0% (57.8% women and 52.1% men). Total loss of workplace productivity was significantly greater in the definite DED group (4.82%) than in the probable DED group (4.06%) and the non-DED group (3.56%, P < 0.014, trend test). Participants with definite DED had significantly lower physical activity scores than those without DED (P = 0.025). Subjective happiness correlated with the dry eye symptom score (r = -0.188; P < 0.001). Participants with DED reported poor sleep quality at a higher rate compared with those without DED (45% vs. 34%), with a significant difference in the global score (P = 0.002). Dry eye is prevalent among VDT workers. Its impacts on work productivity, physical activity, and sleep quality warrant further study.

Ocular Surface Alterations in Visual Display Terminal Users

AbstractBackground: Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in the amount of Work performed using Visual Display Ter-minals (VDTs) the extensive use of VDT has been accompanied by some adverse effects on the human health.Aim of Study: To detect and evaluate ocular surface alterations among visual display terminal users.Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on three hundred VDT users who admin-istered a questionnaire which asked for the duration of using VDT per day, the type of VDT that often used, the position of VDT in relation to the eye and the distance between VDT and the eye, then 68 subjects of them consented to participate in clinical examination to detect any alterations in the ocular surface and the tear film.Results: The duration of using VDT, the position of VDT in relation to the eye in addition to lighting used during VDT affects the ocular surface. As position of VDT above the eye level was conjoined with the increase in the severity of dry eye this may be because the increase in palpebral aperture and consequently increase the area for tear evaporation.Conclusions: Using VDT associated with decrease in the blink rate and increase tear evaporation both of which can contribute to dry eye. Also using VDTs for long duration without breaks and positioning of VDT above the eye level both are accompanied by ocular surface alterations and dry eye.Dim lighted environment and high brightness of VDT screen badly affects the health of the ocular surface and subsequently the functional visual acuity.

Effect of Heat-Killed Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 Ingestion on Ocular Disorders Caused by Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Loads: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Group Study.

Background: Visual display terminals (VDTs) emitting blue light can cause ocular disorders including eye fatigue. Some dietary constituents have been reported to be effective in improving ocular disorders while few clinical studies have been performed. We evaluated the effects of heat-killed Lactobacillus paracasei KW 3110 on improving ocular disorders and symptoms of eye fatigue among healthy human subjects with VDT loads. Methods: In vitro, the effect of L. paracasei KW3110 on blue light-induced human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cell damage. For clinical studies, 62 healthy Japanese volunteers of 35 to 45 years of age who had experienced eye fatigue were randomized into two groups and given a placebo or L. paracasei KW3110-containing supplements for eight weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in VDT load-induced eye fatigue as determined by critical flicker frequency four and eight weeks after the start of supplementation. Results: In vitro, blue light-induced human retinal cell death was suppressed with the culture supernatants of cells treated with L. paracasei KW3110. In clinical study, the VDT load-induced reduction of critical flicker frequency tended to be milder in the L. paracasei KW3110 group when compared with the placebo group during the fourth week. Subgroup analysis classified by the degree of eye fatigue showed that the VDT load-induced reduction of critical flicker frequency was significantly better in the high-level eye fatigue subjects from the L. paracasei KW3110 group when compared with the placebo group during the fourth week (p = 0.020). Conclusions: L. paracasei KW3110 suppressed blue light-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death. In the clinical study, ingestion of L. paracasei KW3110 had a potential to improve eye fatigue induced by VDT loads especially high levels of eye fatigue. However, further studies should be required to show more dependable clinical efficacy of L. paracasei KW3110.

Computer Vision Syndrome Prevalence and Associated Factors Among the Medical Student in Kist Medical College

Introduction: Computers and other visual display terminals are now an essential part of our daily life. In the present era, use of computer has increased many folds, and its use has been associated with increased health risks, especially eyes.Materials and Methods: This hospital-based prospective, observational, descriptive study. “Specific Computer Users Questionnaire’’regarding the visual symptoms was put used. Schirmer’s test –I, and Tear film break up time were evaluated in all students.Results: Among 100 medical students 74% of the medical students sampled who used to spend 2 hours or more on their digital screens on a daily basis were complaining of one or more of CVS manifestation. Eye strain, burning eyes, neck, shoulder, or back pain, dryness, irritation and redness of eyes, headaches during or after working on computer and overall body fatigue were recorded in 89%,87%,78%,77%,71%and 68% respectively. Dry eye was associated with CVS in 58 % in right eye and 55% in left eye according to-Tear film break up time measurement whereas 59 % students have dry eye in right eye and 57% students have dry eye in left eye according to Schirmer’s test – I measurement.Conclusions: Symptoms of CVS increase with increased duration of working on digital screens for 2 hours or more. The factors associated with the severity of CVS were hours of digital screens use per day and dry eye..Nepalese Medical Journal, vol.1, No. 1, 2018, Page: 29-31

Influence of blue light from visual display terminals on human ocular surface

Objective: To investigate the influence of blue light from visual display terminals (VDTs) on human ocular surface. Methods: Prospective intervention test Thirty volunteers were recruited to watch videos on the same VDT in a dark environment, about 40 cm from the screen. Volunteers were supposed to watch videos in the night shift mode that reduces the amount of blue light for 1 hour. At the same time of the second day, they watched the same videos on the VDT in the normal mode for 1 hour. Tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal fluorescein staining scores, lipid layer thickness (LLT), times of blinking in 19.1 seconds and the ratio of partial blinking in 19.1 seconds were measured before and after each watching. Meanwhile, volunteers were asked to complete a questionnaire about their subjective experience after watching. Results: BUT, corneal fluorescein staining scores and LLT showed no significant decreases in the volunteers after they watched videos on the VDT in the night shift mode [BUT before watching: (8.08±3.15)s, BUT after watching in the night shift mode: (5.31±2.49)s, t=-0.52, P>0.05], but there were significant decreases after they watched videos in the normal mode [BUT after watching in the normal mode: (3.35±1.95) s, t=2.40, P<0.05]. At the same time, there was a significant difference between night shift mode and normal mode[BUT after watching in the night shift mode (5.31±2.49)s, BUT after watching in the normal mode: (3.35±1.95)s, t=3.67, P<0.05). Times of blinking and the ratio of partial blinking in 19.1 seconds were increased modestly after watching in 2 different modes, but there was no significant difference(times of blinking after watching in the night shift mode were 5.55±3.27, times of blinking after watching in the normal mode were 5.93±3.59, t=-0.92, P>0.05). The questionnaire results showed that 70.0%(21) of the volunteers reported mild discomfort including eye dryness, itching, pain, foreign body sensation, redness and asthenopia, 46.7%(14) reported no difference between the 2 modes, 36.7%(11) preferred the night shift mode, 16.6%(5) felt better with the normal mode, and 80.0%(24) would like to try the night shift mode in their daily life. Conclusions: Use of VDTs for a short period of time can lower the stability of tear film. The night shift mode may cause less damage to the ocular surface than the normal mode. High-energy blue light from VDTs can be a risk factor in the ocular surface damage, but the damage is reversible. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 426-431).

Effect of an application program for managing hours of working with visual display terminals (VDT) on computer-related subjective symptoms

Effect of an application program for managing hours of working with visual display terminals (VDT) on computer-related subjective symptoms

Comparative Study on the Effects of Lighting on Cognitive Ergonomics in Single and Multi-Working Modes

This paper aims to disclose the effects of environmental lighting on cognitive ergonomics in the single working mode of visual display terminals (VDTs) and the multi-working mode involving both the VDTs and hard-copy documents, and identify the optimal lighting parameters for the multi-working mode. To this end, cognitive efficiency experiments were carried out in different lighting conditions and different working modes, taking illuminance and colour temperature as independent variables and reaction time and accuracy as dependent variables. During the research, the subjective questionnaire survey and eye movement indices were treated as corroborating data. The main conclusions are as follows: the multi-working mode is low in speed but high in accuracy, and less likely to cause eye strain; the lighting conditions have no significant effect on VDT cognition efficiency in either working mode; however, the colour temperature of 6,500K and the illuminance of 500lx tend to cause eye fatigue in VDT single working mode; in multi-working mode, the optimal lighting conditions for the best cognitive ergonomics are: high illuminance (700lx) and white light (4000K). The research findings reveal the relationship among lighting conditions, working mode and cognitive efficiency, lay a scientific basis for workplace design.

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Daily Ingestion of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cv. “Yabukita” and “Sunrouge” on Eyestrain and Blood Pressure in Healthy Adults

The green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivar “Sunrouge” contains anthocyanins, catechins and flavonols. To determine whether ingesting green tea containing anthocyanins improves visual function and blood pressure (BP) in healthy adults, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed. A total of 120 healthy subjects, aged between 20 and 60 years and with a systolic BP (SBP) value of ≤125 and <155 and a diastolic BP (DBP) value <95, or a DBP of ≤75 mmHg and <95 mmHg and a SBP <155 mmHg, were randomly assigned to one of three groups. For 12 weeks, the placebo group received barley extract without catechin; another group received “Sunrouge” extract containing 11.2 mg anthocyanin and 323.6 mg epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG); and a third group received “Yabukita” extract containing 322.2 mg EGCG. Home BP, accommodation ability, visual analog scale questionnaires for eyestrain, and metabolic-associated markers were analyzed at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 of the intake period. The ingestion of “Sunrouge” tea significantly improved accommodation ability and eyestrain in subjects younger than 45 years and in subjects who operated visual display terminals every day. It also elevated BP. “Yabukita” tea ingestion significantly increased serum adiponectin levels. No adverse effects were observed. We conclude that long-term intake of “Sunrouge” tea containing anthocyanins and flavonols might improve visual function.