Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa are leading causes of blindness and share a pathological feature, which is photoreceptor degeneration. To date, the lack of a potential treatment to prevent such diseases has raised great concern. Photoreceptor degeneration can be accelerated by excessive light exposure via an inflammatory response; therefore, anti-inflammatory agents would be candidates to prevent the progress of photoreceptor degeneration. We previously reported that a lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 (L. paracasei KW3110), activated macrophages suppressing inflammation in mice and humans. Recently, we also showed that intake of L. paracasei KW3110 could mitigate visual display terminal (VDT) load-induced ocular disorders in humans. However, the biological mechanism of L. paracasei KW3110 to retain visual function remains unclear. In this study, we found that L. paracasei KW3110 activated M2 macrophages inducing anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) production in vitro using bone marrow-derived M2 macrophages. We also show that IL-10 gene expression was significantly increased in the intestinal immune tissues 6 h after oral administration of L. paracasei KW3110 in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intake of L. paracasei KW3110 suppressed inflammation and photoreceptor degeneration in a murine model of light-induced retinopathy. These results suggest that L. paracasei KW3110 may have a preventive effect against degrative retinal diseases.
Highlights
In recent years, blue light has been used in several visual display terminals (VDTs), including computers, smart phones, and tablet devices; opportunities of human exposure to blue light have increased
We have investigated the ability of L. paracasei KW3110 to activate M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo to attenuate blue light-induced retinal degeneration
These results suggest that L. paracasei KW3110 activated M2 macrophages activated macrophages the production of IL-10
Summary
Blue light has been used in several visual display terminals (VDTs), including computers, smart phones, and tablet devices; opportunities of human exposure to blue light have increased. The mechanism of light-induced retinal damage has not been completely elucidated Multiple factors such as oxidative stress and hypoxia have been reported to have a critical role in photoreceptor degeneration [9], retinal inflammation is believed to be associated with the progression of photoreceptor degeneration [10,11,12]. Recruitment and polarization of macrophages were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of light-induced retinal degeneration in vivo [10]. We have investigated the ability of L. paracasei KW3110 to activate M2 macrophages in vitro and in vivo to attenuate blue light-induced retinal degeneration. We examined the protective effects of L. paracasei KW3110 on retinal functions
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